Fault populations, strain distribution and basement fault reactivation in the East Pennines Coalfield, UK

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 913-928

  Bailey, W R ^a,b   Walsh, John J ^a   Manzocchi, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fault populations; Fault reactivation; Strain localization

Indexed keywords

EAST PENNINE COALFIELD, UK; FAULT DISPLACEMENT; FAULT POPULATION; STRAIN DISTRIBUTION;

CARBON; GEOLOGY; STRAIN; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS;

COAL;

DEFORMATION; FAULTING; REACTIVATION; STRAIN; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONICS;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; PENNINE BASIN; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

CARBONIFEROUS;

EID: 18744410077     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2004.10.014     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. R.V. Ackermann R.W. Schlische Anticlustering of small normal faults around larger faults Geology 25 1997 1127-1130
2. R.V. Ackermann R.W. Schlische M.O. Withjack The geometric and statistical evolution of normal fault systems: An experimental study of the effects of mechanical layer thickness on scaling laws Journal of Structural Geology 23 2001 1803-1819
3. N. Aitkenhead J.I. Chisholm I.P. Stevenson Geology of the Country Around Buxton, Leek and Bakewell 1985 Memoirs of the British Geological Survey
4. J.A. Babenroth A.N. Strahler Geomorphology and structure of the East Kaibab Monocline, Arizona and Utah Geological Society of America Bulletin 56 1945 107-150
5. W.R. Bailey T. Manzocchi J.J. Walsh J.A. Strand P.A. Nell K. Keogh D. Hodgetts S. Flint J. Rippon The effects of faults on the 3-D connectivity of reservoir bodies: A case study from the East Pennine Coalfield, UK Petroleum Geoscience 8 2002 263-277
6. Beck, E., 1929. Salt Creek oil field, Natrona County, Wyoming. In: Structure of Typical American Oilfields II. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 589-603.
7. D.C. Bond E. Atherton H.M. Bristol T.C. Buschbach D.L. Stevenson L.E. Becker T.A. Dawson E.C. Fernalld H. Schawlb E.N. Wilson A.T. Statler R.G. Stearns J.H. Buehner Possible future petroleum potential of Region 9-Illinois Basin, Cincinnati Arch and Northern Missippi Embayment In: I.H. Cram (Eds.) Future Petroleum Provinces of the United States-their Geology and Potential American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1 1971 1165-1217
8. Brunstrom, R.G.W., 1963. Recently discovered oilfields in Britain. In: Proceedings of the 6th World Petroleum Congress, Section 1, Paper 49. Verein zur Forderung, Hamburg, Frankfurt, pp. 11-20.
9. R. Cave Geology of the Malmestry District 1977 Geological Survey of Great Britain
10. J.A. Cartwright B. Trudgill C.S. Mansfield Fault growth by segment linkage: An explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data from the Canyonlands Grabens of S.E. Utah Journal of Structural Geology 17 1995 1319-1326
11. J.A. Cartwright C. Mansfield B. Trudgill The growth of normal faults by segment linkage In: P.G. Buchanan P.G. Nieuwland (Eds.), Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling Special Publication of the Geological Society of London 99 1996 163-177
12. C. Childs J.J. Walsh J. Watterson A method for estimation of the density of fault displacements below the limits of seismic resolution in reservoir formations In: A.T. Buller E. Berg O. Hjelmeland J. Kleppe O. Torsæter J.O. Aasen (Eds.) North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs II 1990 Graham and Trotman London 309-318
13. P.A. Cowie A healing-reloading feedback control on the growth rate of seismogenic faults Journal of Structural Geology 20 1998 1075-1087
14. P.A. Cowie C.H. Scholz Physical explanation for displacement-length scaling relationship of faults using a post-yield fracture mechanics model Journal of Structural Geology 14 1992 1133-1148
15. P.A. Cowie C.H. Scholz Displacement-length scaling relationship for faults: Data synthesis and discussion Journal of Structural Geology 14 1992 1149-1156
16. P.A. Cowie D. Sornette C. Vanneste Multifractal scaling properties of a growing fault population Geophysical Journal International 122 1995 457-469
17. I. Davison Linked fault systems; extensional, strike-slip and contractional In: P.L. Hancock (Ed.) Continental Deformation 1994 Pergamon Press 121-142
18. N.H. Dawers M.H. Anders Displacement-length scaling and fault linkage Journal of Structural Geology 17 1995 607-614
19. N.H. Dawers M.H. Anders C.H. Scholz Growth of normal faults: displacement-length scaling Geology 21 1993 1107-1110
20. G. Drozdzewski O. Bournemann E. Kunz V. Wrede Beitraage zur tiefentektonik des Ruhrkarbons 1980 Geologisches Landesmt Nordrhein-Westphalen Krefeld
21. G. Drozdzewski H. Engel R. Wolk V. Wrede Beitraage zur tiedentektonik westdeutscher steinkholenlagerstaatten 1985 Geologisches Landesmt Nordrhein-Westphalen Krefeld
22. D. Elliott The motion of thrust sheets Journal of Geophysical Research 81 5 1976 949-963
23. Elliott, R.E., 1954. Preliminary survey of faults. Internal Report, East Midlands Regional Geological Service, National Coal Board.
24. H. Fossen J. Hesthammer Deformation bands and their significance in porous sandstone reservoirs First Break 16 1998 21-25
25. F.G. Fox Structure and accumulation of hydrocarbon in southern Foothills, Alberta, Canada Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 43 1959 992-1025
26. A.J. Fraser R.L. Gawthorpe Tectono-stratigraphic development and hydrocarbon habitat of the Carboniferous in northern England In: R.F.P. Hardman J. Brooks (Eds.) Tectonic Events Responsible for Britain's Oil and Gas Reserves Special Publication of the Geological Society of London 55 1990 49-86
27. Fraser, A.J., Gawthorpe, R.L., 2003. An atlas of Carboniferous basin evolution in northern England. Geological Society, London, Memoir 28.
28. R. Freund Rotation of strike slip faults in Sistan, southeast Iran Journal of Geology 78 1970 188-200
29. D.V. Frost D.W. Halliday Geology of the Country around Bellingham 1980 Geological Survey of Great Britain
30. D.V. Frost J.G.O. Smart Geology of the Country north of Derby 1979 Geological Survey of Great Britain
31. B.D.M. Gauthier S.D. Lake Probabilistic modelling of faults below the limit of seismic resolution in the Pelican Field, North Sea, offshore U.K. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 77 1993 761-777
32. J.R. Gibson J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Modeling of bed contours and cross-sections adjacent to planar normal faults Journal of Structural Geology 11 1989 317-328
33. Gillespie, P.A., 1991. Structural analysis of faults and folds with examples from the South Wales Coalfield and Ruhr Coalfield. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales.
34. P.A. Gillespie J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Limitations of dimension and displacement data from single faults and the consequences for data analysis and interpretation Journal of Structural Geology 14 1992 1157-1172
35. P.A. Gillespie C. Howard J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Measurement and characterisation of spatial distributions of fractures Tectonophysics 226 1993 113-141
36. R.F. Goossens E.G. Smith The stratigraphy and structure of the upper Coal Measures in the Yorkshire coalfield between Pontefract and south Kirkby Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 39 1973 487-514
37. Graham, S., 1988. Structural Elements of the Yorkshire Coalfield with Particular Reference to Selby and the Eastern Coal Measures. British Coal, Internal Report.
38. M.R. Gross The origin and spacing of cross-joints: Examples from the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara coastline, California Journal of Structural Geology 15 1993 737-751
39. M.R. Gross T. Engelder Strain accommodated by brittle failure in adjacent units of the Monterey Formation, U.S.A.: Scale effects and evidence for uniform displacement boundary conditions Journal of Structural Geology 17 1995 1303-1318
40. M.R. Gross G. Gutiérrez-Alonso T. Bai M.A. Wacker K.B. Collinsworth Influence of mechanical stratigraphy and kinematics on fault scaling relations Journal of Structural Geology 19 1997 171-183
41. K.J. Heffer T.G. Bevan Scaling relationships in natural fractures Journal of Structural Geology 13 1990 735-738
42. Huntoon, P.W., 1974. The post-Palaeozoic structural geology of the Eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona. In: Geology of the Grand Canyon. Museum of Northern Arizona and Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Arizona, pp. 82-115.
43. J.A. Jackson N.J. White Normal faulting in the upper continental crust: observations from regions of active extension Journal of Structural Geology 11 1989 15-36
44. J. Jackson R. Norris J. Youngson The structural evolution of active fault and fold systems in central Otago, New Zealand: Evidence revealed by drainage patterns Journal of Structural Geology 18 2/3 1996 217-234
45. P. Jackson D.J. Sanderson Scaling of fault displacements from the Badajoz-Cordobe shear zone, SW Spain Tectonophysics 210 1992 179-190
46. R.H. Janoschek K.G.H. Götzinger Exploration for oil and gas in Austria In: P. Hepple (Ed.) The Exploration for Petroleum in Europe and North Africa 1969 Elsevier London 161-180
47. T. Kakimi Magnitude-frequency relation for displacement of minor faults and its significance in crustal deformation Bulletin of the Geological Society of Japan 31 1980 467-487
48. R.W. Krantz Multiple fault sets and three-dimensional strain: Theory and application Journal of Structural Geology 10 1988 225-237
49. MacMillan, R.A., 1975. The orientation and sense of displacement of strike-slip faults in continental crust. Unpublished B.S. thesis, Carelton University, Ottawa, Ontario.
50. R. Marret Aggregate properties of fault populations Journal of Structural Geology 18 1996 169-178
51. R. Marret R.W. Allmendinger Kinematic analysis of fault-slip data Journal of Structural Geology 12 1990 973-986
52. R. Marret R.W. Allmendinger Estimation of strain due to brittle faulting: Sampling of fault populations Journal of Structural Geology 12 1991 973-986
53. R. Marret R.W. Allmendinger Amount of extension on "small" faults: An example from the Viking Graben Geology 20 1992 47-50
54. M.N. Mayuga Geology and development of California's Giant-Wilmington Oil Field In: M.T. Halbouty (Ed.) Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 14 1970 158-184
55. MFRG (Minor Faults Research Group) A minor fault system around the Otaki area, Boso Peninsula, Japan Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku) 27 1973 180-187
56. Moriya, S., Childs, C., Manzocchi, T.M., Walsh, J.J., 2005. Analysis of the relationships between strain, polarity and population slope for normal fault systems. Journal of Structural Geology, in press.
57. H. Muraoka H. Kamata Displacement distribution along normal fault traces Journal of Structural Geology 5 1983 483-495
58. W. Narr J. Suppe Joint spacing in sedimentary rocks Journal of Structural Geology 13 1991 1037-1048
59. P.H.H. Nelson Role of reflection seismic in development of Nembe Creek Field, Nigeria In: M.T. Halbouty (Ed.) Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968-1978 American Association of Petroleum Geologists 30 1980 565-576
60. A. Nicol J. Watterson J.J. Walsh C. Childs The shapes, major axis orientations and displacement patterns of fault surfaces Journal of Structural Geology 18 1996 235-248
61. J.A. Opheim A. Gudmundsson Formation and geometry of fractures, and related volcanism, of the Krafla fissure Swarm, northeast Iceland Geological Society of America Bulletin 101 1989 1608-1622
62. G. Oullion C. Castaing D. Sournette Hierarchical geometry of faulting Journal of Geophysical Research 101B 1996 5477-5487
63. D.C.P. Peacock Displacements and segment linkage in strike-slip fault zones Journal of Structural Geology 13 1991 1025-1035
64. G. Pickering J.M. Bull D.J. Sanderson P.V. Harrison Fractal fault displacements. A case study from the Moray Firth, Scotland In: J.H. Kruhl (Ed.) Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geosciences 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin 105-120
65. G. Pickering J.M. Bull D.J. Sanderson Sampling power-law distributions Tectonophysics 248 1995 1-20
66. G. Poulimenos Scaling properties of normal fault populations in the western Corinth Graben, Greece: Implications for fault growth in large strain settings Journal of Structural Geology 22 2000 307-322
67. G. Ranalli Correlation between length and offset in strike-slip faults Tectonophysics 37 1977 T1-T7
68. Z. Reches Analysis of faulting in three-dimensional strain field Tectonophysics 47 1978 109-129
69. J.R. Reeves El Dorado Oil Field, Butler County, Kansas 1929 American Association of Petroleum Geologists
70. J.H. Rippon Contoured patterns of the throw and hade of normal faults in the Coal Measures (Westphalian) of north-east Derbyshire Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 45 1985 147-161
71. J.H. Rippon New methods of forecasting the throw and hade of faults in some North Derbyshire Collieries Transactions of the Institute of Mining Engineers 145 1985 198-204
72. Rippon, J.H., 1997. Variations in tectonic style and setting in British coalfields. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Keele, UK.
73. M.G. Rowan Three-dimensional geometry and evolution of a segmented detachment fold, Mississippi fan foldbelt, Gulf of Mexico Journal of Structural Geology 19 3-4 1997 463-480
74. Ruzhich, V.V., 1977. Relations between fault parameters and practical application of them. In: Mekhanizmy Structur Vostochronochnoisibiri Novisbirsk (in Russian).
75. R.W. Schlische S.S. Young R.V. Ackermann A. Gupta Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults Geology 24 1996 683-686
76. C.H. Scholz P.A. Cowie Determination of total strain from faulting using slip measurements Nature 346 1990 837-838
77. C.H. Scholz N.H. Dawers J.-J. Yu M.A. Anders P.A. Cowie Fault growth and scaling laws: Preliminary results Journal of Geophysical Research 85 1993 21,951-21,961
78. R.A. Schultz H. Fossen Displacement-length scaling in three-dimensions: the importance of aspect ratio and application to deformation bands Journal of Structural Geology 24 2002 1389-1411
79. J. Shepherd K.L. Burns Fault swarms in the Greta Coal Seam, New South Wales Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 267 1978 27-36
80. Teas, L.P., 1929. Irma oil field, Nevada County, Arkansas. In: Structure of Typical American Oilfields: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Symposium 1. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp. 1-17.
81. Tschop, R.H., 1967. Development of the Fahud Field. In: 7th World Petroleum Congress. Elsevier, London, Mexico, pp. 243-250.
82. E. Van den Bark O.D. Thomas Ekofisk: First of the giant oil fields in Western Europe American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 65 11 1981 2341-2363
83. A.C. Verdier A.C. Oki A. Suardy Geology of the Handil Field (East Kalimanton-Indonesia) In: M.T. Halbouty (Eds.), Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968-1978 Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 30 1980 399-421
84. T. Villemin C. Sunwoo Distribution logarithmique self similaire des rejets et longeurs de failles: Exemple du basin Houllier Lorrain Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 305 II 1987 1309-1312
85. T. Villemin J. Angelier C. Sunwoo Fractal distribution of fault length and offsets: Implications of brittle deformation evaluation-Lorraine Coal In: Basin C.C. Barton P.R. La Pointe (Eds.) Fractals in the Earth Sciences 1995 Plenum Press New York 205-226
86. J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Dips of normal faults in British Coal Measures and other sedimentary sequences Journal of the Geological Society of London 145 1988 859-873
87. J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Analysis of the relationship between the displacements and dimensions of faults Journal of Structural Geology 10 1988 239-247
88. J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Displacement gradients on fault surfaces Journal of Structural Geology 11 1989 307-316
89. J.J. Walsh J. Watterson New methods of fault projection for coalmine planning Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 48 1990 209-219
90. J.J. Walsh J. Watterson Geometric and kinematic coherence and scale effects in normal fault systems In: A.M. Roberts G. Yielding B. Freeman (Eds.), The Geometry of Normal Faults Special Publication of the Geological Society of London 56 1991 193-203
91. J.J. Walsh A. Nicol C. Childs An alternative model for the growth of faults Journal of Structural Geology 24 2002 1669-1675
92. J.J. Walsh C. Childs J. Imber T. Manzocchi J. Watterson P.A.R. Nell Strain localisation and population changes during fault system growth within the Inner Moray Firth, Northern North Sea Journal of Structural Geology 25 2003 307-315
93. J. Watterson Fault dimensions, displacements and growth Pure and Applied Geophysics 124 1986 365-373
94. J. Watterson J.J. Walsh P.A. Gillespie S. Easton Scaling systematics of fault sizes on a large scale range fault map Journal of Structural Geology 18 1996 199-214
95. S.F. Wojtal Fault scaling laws and temporal evolution of fault systems Journal of Structural Geology 16 1994 603-612
96. S.F. Wojtal Changes in fault displacement populations correlated to linkage between faults Journal of Structural Geology 18 1996 265-280
97. Wood, G.H., Trexler, J.P., Kehn, T.M., 1969. Geology of the west-central part of the Southern Anthracite field and adjoining areas, Pennsylvania. Geology Survey, Professional paper.
98. N.H. Woodcock R.A. Strachan Geological History of Britain and Ireland 2000 Blackwell Science
99. A.W. Woodland W.B. Evans The Geology of the South Wales Coalfield. Part IV. The Country around Pontypridd and Maesteg 1964 H.M.S.O. London
100. G. Yielding D.T. Needham H. Jones Sampling of fault populations using sub-surface data: A review Journal of Structural Geology 18 1996 135-146