메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 618-636

Edge avoidance by nesting grassland birds: A futile strategy in a fragmented landscape

Author keywords

Edge; Fragmentation; Grassland birds; Grazing; Nest density; Nest predation; Pasture; Predators

Indexed keywords

AVIFAUNA; AVOIDANCE REACTION; EDGE EFFECT; GRASSLAND; GRAZING; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT USE; NEST PREDATION;

EID: 18744401943     PISSN: 00048038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0618:EABNGB]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (90)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0033458685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-way comparisons and generalized linear models of nest success: Extensions of the Mayfield method
    • AEBISCHER, N. J. 1999. Multi-way comparisons and generalized linear models of nest success: Extensions of the Mayfield method. Bird Study 46 (Supplement):22-31.
    • (1999) Bird Study , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 22-31
    • Aebischer, N.J.1
  • 2
    • 1842815230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of edge effect on avian nest success
    • BATÁRY, P., AND A. BÁLDI. 2004. Evidence of edge effect on avian nest success. Conservation Biology 18:389-400.
    • (2004) Conservation Biology , vol.18 , pp. 389-400
    • Batáry, P.1    Báldi, A.2
  • 3
    • 0000710103 scopus 로고
    • Animal activity in uncontrolled terrestrial communities as determined by a sand transect technique
    • BIDER, J. R. 1968. Animal activity in uncontrolled terrestrial communities as determined by a sand transect technique. Ecological Monographs 38:269-308.
    • (1968) Ecological Monographs , vol.38 , pp. 269-308
    • Bider, J.R.1
  • 4
    • 0001339832 scopus 로고
    • Successional changes and habitat selection in hayfield bird communities
    • BOLLINGER, E. K. 1995. Successional changes and habitat selection in hayfield bird communities. Auk 112:720-730.
    • (1995) Auk , vol.112 , pp. 720-730
    • Bollinger, E.K.1
  • 5
    • 3242696289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of nesting Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to habitat edges
    • BOLLINGER, E. K., AND T. A. GAVIN. 2004. Responses of nesting Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to habitat edges. Auk 121:767-776.
    • (2004) Auk , vol.121 , pp. 767-776
    • Bollinger, E.K.1    Gavin, T.A.2
  • 6
    • 0000069545 scopus 로고
    • Effect of spatial heterogeneity on ground-nest depredation
    • BOWMAN, G. B., AND L. D. HARRIS. 1980. Effect of spatial heterogeneity on ground-nest depredation. Journal of Wildlife Management 44:806-813.
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.44 , pp. 806-813
    • Bowman, G.B.1    Harris, L.D.2
  • 7
    • 0028608327 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prairie fragmentation on predation on artificial nests
    • BURGER, L. D., L. W. BURGER, AND J. FAABORG. 1994. Effects of prairie fragmentation on predation on artificial nests. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:249-254.
    • (1994) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.58 , pp. 249-254
    • Burger, L.D.1    Burger, L.W.2    Faaborg, J.3
  • 8
    • 0031906547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of food abundance, nest-site habitat, and forest fragmentation on breeding Ovenbirds
    • BURKE, D. M., AND E. NOL. 1998. Influence of food abundance, nest-site habitat, and forest fragmentation on breeding Ovenbirds. Auk 115:96-104.
    • (1998) Auk , vol.115 , pp. 96-104
    • Burke, D.M.1    Nol, E.2
  • 11
    • 0032220292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success of artificial nests in CRP fields, native vegetation, and field borders in southwestern Montana
    • CLAWSON, M. R., AND J. J. ROTELLA. 1998. Success of artificial nests in CRP fields, native vegetation, and field borders in southwestern Montana. Journal of Field Ornithology 69:180-191.
    • (1998) Journal of Field Ornithology , vol.69 , pp. 180-191
    • Clawson, M.R.1    Rotella, J.J.2
  • 12
    • 0035154283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian response to landscape change in fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands
    • COPPEDGE, B. R., D. M. ENGLE, R. E. MASTERS, AND M. S. GREGORY. 2001. Avian response to landscape change in fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands. Ecological Applications 11:47-59.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 47-59
    • Coppedge, B.R.1    Engle, D.M.2    Masters, R.E.3    Gregory, M.S.4
  • 13
    • 0000382222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success of Grasshopper Sparrows in relation to edge
    • DELISLE, J. M., AND J. A. SAVIDGE. 1996. Reproductive success of Grasshopper Sparrows in relation to edge. Prairie Naturalist 28:107-113.
    • (1996) Prairie Naturalist , vol.28 , pp. 107-113
    • Delisle, J.M.1    Savidge, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 0033964213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape and edge effects on the distribution of mammalian predators in Missouri
    • DIJAK, W. D., AND F. R. THOMPSON III. 2000. Landscape and edge effects on the distribution of mammalian predators in Missouri. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:209-216.
    • (2000) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.64 , pp. 209-216
    • Dijak, W.D.1    Thompson III, F.R.2
  • 15
    • 0033842239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of vegetation and predators on the success of natural and simulated nests of grassland songbirds
    • DION, N., K. A. HOBSON, AND S. LARIVIÈRE. 2000. Interactive effects of vegetation and predators on the success of natural and simulated nests of grassland songbirds. Condor 102:629-634.
    • (2000) Condor , vol.102 , pp. 629-634
    • Dion, N.1    Hobson, K.A.2    Larivière, S.3
  • 16
    • 0031284552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in local-scale edge effects: Mechanisms and landscape context
    • DONOVAN, T. M., P. W. JONES, E. M. ANNAND, AND F. R. THOMPSON III. 1997. Variation in local-scale edge effects: Mechanisms and landscape context. Ecology 78:2064-2075.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2064-2075
    • Donovan, T.M.1    Jones, P.W.2    Annand, E.M.3    Thompson III, F.R.4
  • 17
    • 0035153913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species-specific edge effects on nest success and breeding bird density in a forested landscape
    • FLASPOHLER, D. J., S. A. TEMPLE, AND R. N. ROSENFELD. 2001. Species-specific edge effects on nest success and breeding bird density in a forested landscape. Ecological Applications 11:32-46.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 32-46
    • Flaspohler, D.J.1    Temple, S.A.2    Rosenfeld, R.N.3
  • 18
    • 0041422535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial responses of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorous) near different types of edges in northern Iowa
    • FLETCHER, R. J., JR., AND R. R. KOFORD. 2003. Spatial responses of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorous) near different types of edges in northern Iowa. Auk 120:799-810.
    • (2003) Auk , vol.120 , pp. 799-810
    • Fletcher Jr., R.J.1    Koford, R.R.2
  • 19
    • 0034874392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring heterogeneity on rangelands: Ecosystem management based on evolutionary grazing patterns
    • FUHLENDORF, S. D., AND D. M. ENGLE. 2001. Restoring heterogeneity on rangelands: Ecosystem management based on evolutionary grazing patterns. BioScience 51:625-632.
    • (2001) BioScience , vol.51 , pp. 625-632
    • Fuhlendorf, S.D.1    Engle, D.M.2
  • 20
    • 0000933667 scopus 로고
    • Avian nest dispersion and fledging success in field-forest ecotones
    • GATES, J. E., AND L. W. GYSEL. 1978. Avian nest dispersion and fledging success in field-forest ecotones. Ecology 59:871-883.
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 871-883
    • Gates, J.E.1    Gysel, L.W.2
  • 21
    • 0022189935 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of survival and cause-specific mortality rates using telemetry data
    • HEISEY, D. M., AND T. K. FULLER. 1985. Evaluation of survival and cause-specific mortality rates using telemetry data. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:668-674.
    • (1985) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.49 , pp. 668-674
    • Heisey, D.M.1    Fuller, T.K.2
  • 22
    • 0028176751 scopus 로고
    • The effects of habitat fragmentation on midwestern grassland bird communities
    • HERKERT, J. R. 1994. The effects of habitat fragmentation on midwestern grassland bird communities. Ecological Applications 4:461-71.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , pp. 461-471
    • Herkert, J.R.1
  • 24
    • 0003803990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of midwestern grassland landscapes for the conservation of migratory birds
    • (F. R. Thompson III, Ed.). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report NC-187
    • HERKERT, J. R., D. W. SAMPLE, AND R. E. WARNER. 1996. Management of midwestern grassland landscapes for the conservation of migratory birds. Pages 89-116 in Management of Midwestern Landscapes for the Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds (F. R. Thompson III, Ed.). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report NC-187.
    • (1996) Management of Midwestern Landscapes for the Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds , pp. 89-116
    • Herkert, J.R.1    Sample, D.W.2    Warner, R.E.3
  • 25
    • 0032857531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator activity and predation on songbird nests on forest-field edges in east-central Illinois
    • HESKE, E. J., S. K. ROBINSON, AND J. D. BRAWN. 1999. Predator activity and predation on songbird nests on forest-field edges in east-central Illinois. Landscape Ecology 14:345-354.
    • (1999) Landscape Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 345-354
    • Heske, E.J.1    Robinson, S.K.2    Brawn, J.D.3
  • 26
    • 0344731148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding success of Pied Flycatchers in artificial forest edges: The effect of a suboptimally shaped foraging area
    • HUHTA, E., J. JOKIMÄKI, AND P. RAHKO. 1999. Breeding success of Pied Flycatchers in artificial forest edges: The effect of a suboptimally shaped foraging area. Auk 116:528-535.
    • (1999) Auk , vol.116 , pp. 528-535
    • Huhta, E.1    Jokimäki, J.2    Rahko, P.3
  • 27
    • 0035104814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective
    • JOHNSON, D. H., AND L. D. IGL. 2001. Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective. Auk 118:24-34.
    • (2001) Auk , vol.118 , pp. 24-34
    • Johnson, D.H.1    Igl, L.D.2
  • 28
    • 0000936128 scopus 로고
    • Assessing habitat quality for birds nesting in fragmented tallgrass prairies
    • (J. A. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, Eds.). University of Wisconsin Press, Madison
    • JOHNSON, R. G., AND S. A. TEMPLE. 1986. Assessing habitat quality for birds nesting in fragmented tallgrass prairies. Pages 245-250 in Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates (J. A. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, Eds.). University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
    • (1986) Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates , pp. 245-250
    • Johnson, R.G.1    Temple, S.A.2
  • 29
    • 0025682433 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation and brood parasitism of tall-grass prairie birds
    • JOHNSON, R. G., AND S. A. TEMPLE. 1990. Nest predation and brood parasitism of tall-grass prairie birds. Journal of Wildlife Management 54:106-11.
    • (1990) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.54 , pp. 106-111
    • Johnson, R.G.1    Temple, S.A.2
  • 30
    • 0036816024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator activity related to landscape features in northern Iowa
    • KUEHL, A. K., AND W. R. CLARK. 2002. Predator activity related to landscape features in northern Iowa. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:1224-1234.
    • (2002) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.66 , pp. 1224-1234
    • Kuehl, A.K.1    Clark, W.R.2
  • 31
    • 0038814738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects, predator movements, and the travel-lane paradox
    • LARIVIÈRE, S. 2003. Edge effects, predator movements, and the travel-lane paradox. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:315-320.
    • (2003) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.31 , pp. 315-320
    • Larivière, S.1
  • 32
    • 0026082290 scopus 로고
    • Predators and avian community organization: An experiment in a semi-desert grassland
    • LIMA, S. L., AND T. J. VALONE. 1991. Predators and avian community organization: An experiment in a semi-desert grassland. Oecologia 86:105-112.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 105-112
    • Lima, S.L.1    Valone, T.J.2
  • 33
    • 0000858171 scopus 로고
    • Suggestions for calculating nest success
    • MAYFIELD, H. F. 1975. Suggestions for calculating nest success. Wilson Bulletin 87:456-466.
    • (1975) Wilson Bulletin , vol.87 , pp. 456-466
    • Mayfield, H.F.1
  • 35
    • 0035140322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation on artificial nests in small grassland patches in east-central Illinois
    • NEWTON, J. L., AND E. J. HESKE. 2001. Predation on artificial nests in small grassland patches in east-central Illinois. American Midland Naturalist 145:29-38.
    • (2001) American Midland Naturalist , vol.145 , pp. 29-38
    • Newton, J.L.1    Heske, E.J.2
  • 36
    • 0034234043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treelines between fields reduce the density of grassland birds
    • O'LEARY, C. H., AND D. W. NYBERG. 2000. Treelines between fields reduce the density of grassland birds. Natural Areas Journal 20:243-249.
    • (2000) Natural Areas Journal , vol.20 , pp. 243-249
    • O'Leary, C.H.1    Nyberg, D.W.2
  • 37
    • 0028980542 scopus 로고
    • Risk of predation on waterfowl nests in the Canadian prairies: Effects of habitat edges and agricultural practices
    • PASITSCHNIAK-ARTS, M., AND F. MESSIER. 1995. Risk of predation on waterfowl nests in the Canadian prairies: Effects of habitat edges and agricultural practices. Oikos 73:347-355.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.73 , pp. 347-355
    • Pasitschniak-Arts, M.1    Messier, F.2
  • 38
    • 0028179752 scopus 로고
    • The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence?
    • PATON, P. W. C. 1994. The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence? Conservation Biology 8:17-26.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 17-26
    • Paton, P.W.C.1
  • 42
    • 0037804094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grassland passerine nest predators near pasture edges identified on videotape
    • RENFREW, R. B., AND C. A. RIBIC. 2003. Grassland passerine nest predators near pasture edges identified on videotape. Auk 120:371-383.
    • (2003) Auk , vol.120 , pp. 371-383
    • Renfrew, R.B.1    Ribic, C.A.2
  • 43
    • 0034925189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin
    • RIBIC, C. A., AND D. A. SAMPLE. 2001. Associations of grassland birds with landscape factors in southern Wisconsin. American Midland Naturalist 146:105-121.
    • (2001) American Midland Naturalist , vol.146 , pp. 105-121
    • Ribic, C.A.1    Sample, D.A.2
  • 44
    • 0001738539 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between visual obstruction measurements and weight of grassland vegetation
    • ROBEL, R. J., J. N. BRIGGS, A. D. DAYTON, AND L. C. HULBERT. 1970. Relationships between visual obstruction measurements and weight of grassland vegetation. Journal of Range Management 23:295-297.
    • (1970) Journal of Range Management , vol.23 , pp. 295-297
    • Robel, R.J.1    Briggs, J.N.2    Dayton, A.D.3    Hulbert, L.C.4
  • 45
    • 0003485924 scopus 로고
    • Threats to breeding Neotropical migratory birds in the Midwest
    • (F. R. Thompson III, Ed.). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report NC-187
    • ROBINSON, S. K. 1995. Threats to breeding Neotropical migratory birds in the Midwest. Pages 1-21 in Management of Midwestern Landscapes for the Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds (F. R. Thompson III, Ed.). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report NC-187.
    • (1995) Management of Midwestern Landscapes for the Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds , pp. 1-21
    • Robinson, S.K.1
  • 46
    • 0001821761 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology of shrubsteppe passerine birds: Geographical and temporal variation in clutch size, brood size, and fledgling success
    • ROTENBERRY, J. T., AND J. A. WIENS. 1989. Reproductive biology of shrubsteppe passerine birds: Geographical and temporal variation in clutch size, brood size, and fledgling success. Condor 91:1-14.
    • (1989) Condor , vol.91 , pp. 1-14
    • Rotenberry, J.T.1    Wiens, J.A.2
  • 49
    • 18744365458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scent-station survey techniques for swift and kit foxes
    • (M. A. Sovada and L. N. Carbyn, Eds.). Canadian Plains Research Center, Regina, Saskatchewan
    • SARGEANT, G. A., P. J. WHITE, M. A. SOVADA, AND B. L. CYPHER. 2003. Scent-station survey techniques for swift and kit foxes. Pages 99-105 in The Swift Fox: Ecology and Conservation of Swift Foxes in a Changing World (M. A. Sovada and L. N. Carbyn, Eds.). Canadian Plains Research Center, Regina, Saskatchewan.
    • (2003) The Swift Fox: Ecology and Conservation of Swift Foxes in a Changing World , pp. 99-105
    • Sargeant, G.A.1    White, P.J.2    Sovada, M.A.3    Cypher, B.L.4
  • 50
    • 0000746134 scopus 로고
    • Generalized procedures for testing hypotheses about survival or recovery rates
    • SAUER, J. R., AND B. K. WILLIAMS. 1989. Generalized procedures for testing hypotheses about survival or recovery rates. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:137-142.
    • (1989) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.57 , pp. 137-142
    • Sauer, J.R.1    Williams, B.K.2
  • 51
    • 0032916606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging theory as a conceptual framework for studying nest predation
    • SCHMIDT, K. A. 1999. Foraging theory as a conceptual framework for studying nest predation. Oikos 85:151-160.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.85 , pp. 151-160
    • Schmidt, K.A.1
  • 52
    • 0001818593 scopus 로고
    • Ecological succession of breeding bird populations in northwestern Arkansas
    • SHUGART, H. H., JR., AND D. JAMES. 1973. Ecological succession of breeding bird populations in northwestern Arkansas. Auk 90:62-77.
    • (1973) Auk , vol.90 , pp. 62-77
    • Shugart Jr., H.H.1    James, D.2
  • 53
    • 0141941083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nest success: A review of the evidence at multiple scales
    • STEPHENS, S. E., D. N. KOONS, J. J. ROTELLA, AND D. W. WILLEY. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nest success: A review of the evidence at multiple scales. Biological Conservation 115:101-110.
    • (2003) Biological Conservation , vol.115 , pp. 101-110
    • Stephens, S.E.1    Koons, D.N.2    Rotella, J.J.3    Willey, D.W.4
  • 54
    • 84989457203 scopus 로고
    • Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes
    • TEMPLE, S. A., AND J. R. CARY. 1988. Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Biology 2:340-347.
    • (1988) Conservation Biology , vol.2 , pp. 340-347
    • Temple, S.A.1    Cary, J.R.2
  • 55
    • 0038709511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation of songbird nests differs by predator and between field and forest habitats
    • THOMPSON, F. R., III, AND D. E. BURHANS. 2003. Predation of songbird nests differs by predator and between field and forest habitats. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:408-416.
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.67 , pp. 408-416
    • Thompson III, F.R.1    Burhans, D.E.2
  • 58
    • 0028166199 scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat area on the distribution of grassland birds in Maine
    • VICKERY, P. D., M. L. HUNTER, JR., AND S. M. MELVIN. 1994. Effects of habitat area on the distribution of grassland birds in Maine. Conservation Biology 8:1087-1097.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 1087-1097
    • Vickery, P.D.1    Hunter Jr., M.L.2    Melvin, S.M.3
  • 59
    • 0026595437 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of incidental nest predation and its effects on nests of threatened grassland birds
    • VICKERY, P. D., M. L. HUNTER, JR., AND J. V. WELLS. 1992. Evidence of incidental nest predation and its effects on nests of threatened grassland birds. Oikos 63:281-288.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.63 , pp. 281-288
    • Vickery, P.D.1    Hunter Jr., M.L.2    Wells, J.V.3
  • 60
    • 0031822521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On forest-interior species, edge avoidance, area sensitivity, and dogmas in avian conservation
    • VILLARD, M.-A. 1998. On forest-interior species, edge avoidance, area sensitivity, and dogmas in avian conservation. Auk 115:801-805.
    • (1998) Auk , vol.115 , pp. 801-805
    • Villard, M.-A.1
  • 61
    • 0002203830 scopus 로고
    • An approach to the study of ecological relationships among grassland birds
    • WIENS, J. A. 1969. An approach to the study of ecological relationships among grassland birds. Ornithological Monographs, no. 8.
    • (1969) Ornithological Monographs , vol.8
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 62
    • 0000291116 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and process in grassland bird communities
    • WIENS, J. A. 1973. Pattern and process in grassland bird communities. Ecological Monographs 43:237-270.
    • (1973) Ecological Monographs , vol.43 , pp. 237-270
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 63
    • 0000386277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic approaches to the investigation of edge effects on avian productivity
    • (V. Nolan, Jr., E. D. Ketterson, and C. F. Thompson, Eds.). Plenum Press, New York
    • WINSLOW, D. E. 1999. Mechanistic approaches to the investigation of edge effects on avian productivity. Pages 261-309 in Current Ornithology, vol. 15 (V. Nolan, Jr., E. D. Ketterson, and C. F. Thompson, Eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1999) Current Ornithology , vol.15 , pp. 261-309
    • Winslow, D.E.1
  • 64
    • 0034082885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for edge effects on multiple levels in tallgrass prairie
    • WINTER, M., D. H. JOHNSON, AND J. FAABORG. 2000. Evidence for edge effects on multiple levels in tallgrass prairie. Condor 102:256-266.
    • (2000) Condor , vol.102 , pp. 256-266
    • Winter, M.1    Johnson, D.H.2    Faaborg, J.3
  • 65
    • 0033946992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food shortage in small fragments: Evidence from an area-sensitive passerine
    • ZANETTE, L., P. DOYLE, AND S. M. TRÉMONT. 2000. Food shortage in small fragments: Evidence from an area-sensitive passerine. Ecology 81:1654-1666.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1654-1666
    • Zanette, L.1    Doyle, P.2    Trémont, S.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.