High mountains in a zone of extended crust: Insights into the Neogene-Quaternary topographic development of northeastern Iberia

Tectonics

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 86-102

  Lewis, Claudia J ^a   Vergés, Jaume ^b,c   Marzo, Mariano ^b,c  

^a LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF EARTH SCIENCES JAUME ALMERA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EROSION; UNLOADING;

EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; FLEXURAL ISOSTATIC REBOUND; GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS; GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS; NEOGENE QUATERNARIES; TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILES; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN;

TECTONICS;

ERIA;

EID: 18744375771     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999TC900056     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Ahnert, F., Functional relationships between denudation, relief, and uplift in large mid-latitude drainage basins, Am. J. Sci., 268, 243–263, 1970.
2. Alvarez, W., T. Cocozza, F. C. Wezzel, Fragmentation of the Alpine orogenic belt by microplate dispersal, Nature, 248, 309–314, 1974.
3. Anadón, P., L. Cabrera, J. Guimerá, P. Santanach, Paleogene strike-slip deformation along the southeastern margin of the Ebro basin, Strike-Slip Tectonics and Sedimentation Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., 37K. T. Biddle, N. Christie-Blick, 303–318, 1985.
4. Ayala, C., J. Pous, M. Torné, The lithosphereéasthenosphere boundary of the València trough (western Mediterranean) deduced from 2D geoid and gravity modelling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3131–3134, 1996.
5. Bartrina, M. T., L. Cabrera, M. J. Jurado, J. Guimerà, E. Roca, Evolution of the central Catalan margin of the València trough (western Mediterranean), Tectonophysics, 203, 219–247, 1992.
6. Buck, W. R., Small-scale convection induced by passive rifting: The cause for uplift of rift shoulders, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 77, 362–372, 1986.
7. Buck, W. R., F. Martinez, M. S. Steckler, J. R. Cochran, Thermal consequences of lithospheric extension: Pure and simple, Tectonics, 7, 213–234, 1988.
8. Casas, A., M. Torné, and E. Banda, Mapa Gravimètric de Catalunya, 135 pp., scale 1:500,000, Dep. de Polít. Territ. i Obres Públiques, Servei Geol. de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 1986.
9. Casas, A., P. Kearey, L. Rivero, C. R. Adam, Gravity anomaly map of the Pyrenean region and a comparison of the deep geological structure of the western and eastern Pyrenees, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 65–78, 1997.
10. Cherchi, A., L. Montadert, Oligo-Miocene rift of Sardinia and the early history of the western Mediterranean Basin, Nature, 298, 736–739, 1982.
11. Choukroune, P., ECORS-Pyrenees Team, The ECORS-Pyrenean deep seismic profile reflection data and the overall structure of an orogenic belt, Tectonics, 8, 23–29, 1989.
12. Clavell, E., A. Martínez, J. Vergés, Morfología del basament del Pireneu oriental: Evolucío i relació amb els mantels de comment, Acta Geol. Hisp., 23, 129–140, 1988.
13. Cravatte, J., P. Dufaure, M. Prim, S. Rouaix, Les sondages du golfe du Lion: Stratigraphie Notes Mem., 11, 209–274, Co. Fr. des Pétroles, Paris, 1974.
14. Daignières, M., J. Gallart, E. Banda, A. Hirn, Implications of the seismic structure for the orogenic evolution of the Pyrenean Range, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 57, 88–100, 1982.
15. Dewey, J. F., M. L. Helman, E. Turco, D. H. W. Hutton, S. D. Knott, Kinematics of the western Mediterranean, Alpine Tectonics Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London, 45M. P. Coward, D. Dietrich, 265–283, 1989.
16. Ducea, M. N., J. B. Saleeby, Buoyancy sources for a large, unrooted mountain range, the Sierra Nevada, California: Evidence from xenolith thermobarometry, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8229–8244, 1996.
17. Ebinger, C. J., T. D. Bechtel, D. W. Forsyth, C. O. Bowin, Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar Plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2883–2901, 1989.
18. ECORS-Pyrenees Team, The ECORS deep reflection seismic survey across the Pyrenees, Nature, 331, 508–511, 1988.
19. Fonteilles, M., G. Guitard, Precambrian basement in the Variscan belt of the Pyrenees, Precambrian in Younger Fold Belts edited by V. Zoubek, 553–573, John Wiley, New York, 1988.
20. Foucher, J. P., A. Maufrret, M. S. Steckler, M. F. Brunet, A. Maillard, J. P. Renault, B. Alonso, P. Desegaulx, J. Murillas, G. Ouillon, Heat flow in the Valencia Trough: Geodynamic implications, Tectonophysics, 203, 77–97, 1992.
21. Gilchrist, A. R., M. A. Summerfield, Differential denudation and flexural isostasy in formation of rifted-margin upwarps, Nature, 346, 739–742, 1990.
22. Gilchrist, A. R., H. Kooi, C. Beaumont, Post-Gondwana geomorphic evolution of southwestern Africa: Implications for the controls on landscape development from observations and numerical experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12211–12228, 1994.
23. Giménez, J., E. Suriñach, J. Fleta, X. Goula, Recent vertical movements from high-precision leveling data in northeast Spain, Tectonophysics, 263, 149–161, 1996.
24. Gorini, C., A. Mauffret, A. Le Marrec, Contribution to the structural and sedimentary history of the Gulf of Lion (western Mediterranean) from the ECORS profiles, industrial seismic profiles and well data, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 1643, 353–363, 1993.
25. Goula, X., C. Olivera, J. Escuer, J. Fleta, B. Grellet, J. C. Bousquet, Neotectonics and seismicity in the area of the seismic crisis of 1427-1428 in Catalonia, Proceedings of the 22nd General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission, Barcelona, Spain, 1992.
26. Guimerà, J., Paleogene evolution of deformation in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Geol. Mag., 121, 413–420, 1984.
27. Guimerà, J., Cenozoic evolution of eastern Iberia: Structural data and dynamic model, Acta Geol. Hisp., 29, 57–66, 1994.
28. Heller, P. L., C. L. Angevine, N. S. Winslow, Two-phase stratigraphie model of foreland-basin sequences, Geology, 16, 501–504, 1988.
29. Hoernle, K., Y. S. Zhang, D. Graham, Seismic and geochemical evidence for large-scale mantle upwelling beneath the eastern Atlantic and western and central Europe, Nature, 374, 34–39, 1995.
30. Houseman, G., P. C. England, A dynamical model of lithosphere extension and sedimentary basin formation, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 719–729, 1986.
31. ICC, Mapa geològic de Catalunya, scale 1:250.000, Inst. Cartogr. de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 1989.
32. Janssen, M. E., M. Torné, S. Cloetingh, E. Banda, Pliocene uplift of the eastern Iberian margin: Inferences from quantitative modeling of the Valencia trough, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 119, 585–597, 1993.
33. Julivert, M., M. Fontboté, A. Ribeiro, L. Conde, Mapa tectónico de la Península Ibérica y Baleares Inst. Geol. y Minero de Esp., 1–113, 1974.
34. Kooi, H., J. Burrus, S. Cloetingh, Lithospheric necking and regional isostasy at extensional basins, 1, Subsidence and gravity modeling with an application to the Gulf of Lions margin (SE France), J. Geophys. Res., 97, 17533–17571, 1992.
35. Lewis, C. J., W. S. Baldridge, Y. Asmerom, Neogene asthenosphere-derived volcanism and NE-directed extension in NE Spain: Constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the western Mediterranean, Eos Trans. AGU, 7917, Spring Meet. Suppl., S336–S337, 1998.
36. Lonergan, L., N. White, Origin of the Betic-Rif mountain belt, Tectonics, 16, 504–522, 1997.
37. López-Bianco, M., Stratigraphy and sedimentary development of the Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta complex (Eocene, southern Pyrenean foreland basin, northeast Spain), Spec.l Pub. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol., 20, 67–88, 1993.
38. Martí, J., J. Mitjavila, E. Roca, A. Aparicio, Cenozoic magmatism of the València trough: Relationship between structural evolution and vulcanism, Tectonophysics, 203, 145–165, 1992.
39. Masana, E., El análisis de la red fluvial en el estudio de la neotectónica en las Cadenas Costeras Catalanas, Geomorfología en España edited by J. Arnaez, J. M. García Ruiz, A. Gomez Villar, 29–41, Soc. Esp. de Geomorfolog., Logroño, Spain, 1994.
40. Masana, E., L'activitat neotectonica ales Cadenes Cosmneres Catalanes, Ph.D. thesis, 448 pp., Univ. de Barcelona,Barcelona, Spain, 1995.
41. Masana, E., Evidence for past earthquakes in an area of low historic seismicity: The Catalan coastal ranges, NE Spain, Ann. Geofis., 39, 689–704, 1996.
42. Maufrret, A., G. Pascal, A. Maillard, C. Gorini, Tectonics and deep structure of the north-western Mediterranean Basin, Mar. Pet. Geol., 12, 645–666, 1995.
43. Montigny, E., J. B. Edel, R. Thuizat, Oligo-Miocene rotation of Sardinia: K-Ar ages and paleomagnetic data of Tertiary volcanics, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 54, 261–271, 1981.
44. Morgan, P., M. Fernández, Neogene vertical movements and constraints on extension in the Catalan Coastal Ranges, Iberian Peninsula, and the Valencia trough (westrnm Mediterranean), Tectonophysics, 203, 185–201, 1992.
45. Munoz, J. A., Evolution of a continental collision belt: ECORS-Pyrenees crustal balanced cross-section, Thrust Tectonics, edited by K. McClay, 235–246, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1992.
46. Neumann, E.-R., J. Martí, J. Mitjavila, E. Wulff-Pedersen, Origin and implications of mafic xenoliths associated with Cenozoic extension-related volcanism in the València trough, NE Spain, Mineral. Petrol., 65, 113–139, 1999.
47. Parmentier, E. M., Dynamic topography in rift zones: implications for lithospheric heating, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London., Ser. A, 321, 23–25, 1987.
48. Pascal, G., M. Torné, P. Buhl, A. B. Watts, A. Maufrret, Crustal and velocity structure of the Valencia trough (western Mediterranean), Part II, Detailed interpretation of five expanding spread profiles, Tectonophysics, 203, 21–35, 1992.
49. Perry, F. V., W. S. Baldridge, D. J. DePaolo, Chemical and isotopic evidence for lithospheric thinning beneath the Rio Grande rift, Nature, 332, 432–434, 1988.
50. Pino, N. A., D. V. Helmberger, Upper mantle compressional velocity structure beneath the west Mediterranean Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2953–2967, 1997.
51. Puigdefàbregas, C., P. Souquet, Tectono-sedimentary cycles and depositional sequences of the Mesozoic and Tertiary from the Pyrenees, Tectonophysics, 129, 173–203, 1986.
52. Rehault, J. P., G. Boulot, A. Mauffret, The western Mediterranean basin: Geological evolution, Mar. Geol., 55, 447–478, 1984.
53. Riba, O., S. Reguant, J. Villena, Ensayo de síntesis estratigráfica y evolutiva de la cuenca terciaria del Ebro, Libro Jubilar J.M. Rios Geol. de España, II, 131–159, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, 1983.
54. Roca, E., P. Desegaulx, Analysis of the geological evolution and vertical movements in the València trough area, western Mediterranean, Mar. Pet. Geol., 9, 167–185, 1992.
55. Roest, W. R., S. P. Srivastava, Kinematics of the plate boundaries between Eurasia, Iberia, and Africa in the North Atlantic from the Late Cretaceous to the present, Geology, 19, 613–616, 1991.
56. Roure, F., P. Choukroune, X. Berastegui, J. A. Muñoz, A. Villien, P. Matheron, M. Bareyt, M. Seguret, P. Cámara, J. Déramond, ECORS deep seismic data and balanced cross sections: Geometric constraints on the evolution of the Pyrenees, Tectonics, 8, 41–50, 1989.
57. Royden, L., Evolution of retreating subduction boundaries formed during continental collision, Tectonics, 12, 629–638, 1993.
58. Sàbat, F., E. Roca, J. A. Muñoz, J. Vergés, P. Santanach, E. Masana, M. Sans, A. Estévez, C. Santisteban, Role of extension and compression in the evolution of the eastern margin of Iberia: The ESCI-València trough seismic profile, Rev. Soc. Geol. Esp., 84, 431–448, 1997.
59. Saula, E., J. Picart, E. Mató, M. Llenas, M. Losantos, X. Beràstegui, J. Agusté, Evolución geodinamica de la fosa del Empordà y las Sierras Transversales, Acta Geol. Hisp., 29, 55–76, 1994.
60. Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, Carta digital de España, Madrid, Spain, 1995.
61. Snieder, R., Large-scale waveform inversions of surface waves for lateral heterogeneity, 2, Application to surface waves in Europe and the Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12067–12080, 1988.
62. Solé Sabarís, L., N. Llopís, Terminación septentrional de la Cordillera Costera Catalana, Asociacíon para el Estudio de Geología del Mediterraneo Occidental, VI1, 1–85, 1939.
63. Spakman, W., S. van der Lee, R. van der Hilst, Travel-time tomography of the European-Mediterranean mantle down to 1400 km, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 79, 3–74, 1993.
64. Stephenson, R., K. Lambeck, Erosion-isostatic rebound models for uplift: An application to south-eastern Australia, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 82, 31–55, 1985.
65. Tassone, A., E. Roca, J. A. Muñoz, L. Cabrera, M. Canals, Evolución del sector septentrional del margen continental catalán durante el Cenozóico, Acta Geol. Hisp., 29, 3–38, 1994.
66. Torné, M., E. Banda, M. Fernàndez, The Valencia trough: geological and geophysical constraints on basin formation models, Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris, 170P. A. Ziegler, F. Horvàth, 103–128, 1996.
67. Tucker, G. E., R. L. Slingerland, Erosion dynamics, flexural isosmsy, and long-lived escarpments: A numerical modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12229–12243, 1994.
68. van derBeek, P., S. Cloetingh, P. Andriessen, Mechanisms of extensional basin formation and vertical motions at rift flanks: Constraints from tectonic modeling and fission track thermochronology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 121, 317–330, 1994.
69. van derBeek, P., P. Andriessen, S. Cloetingh, Morphotectonic evolution of rifted continental margins: Inferences from a coupled tectonic-surface processes model and fission track thermochronology, Tectonics, 14, 406–421, 1995.
70. Vázquez, T., T. Medialdea, R. Vegas, El sistema NW-SE de fosa de Rosas y Bagur (margen continental nororiental de España), Geogaceta, 14, 21–23, 1993.
71. Vegas, R., A tectonic model for the volcanic province of Olot (NE Spain), Geogaceta, 15, 121–123, 1994.
72. Vergés, J., Estudi tectonic del vessant Sud del Pirineu Oriental i Central: Evolucio en 3D, Ph.D. thesis,, 203 pp.,Univ. de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,1993.
73. Vergés, J., D. W. Burbank, Eocene-Oligocene thrusting and basin configuration in the eastern and central Pyrenees (Spain), Tertiary Basins of Spain, edited by P. F. Friend, C. J. Dabrio, 120–133, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1996.
74. Vergés, J., and F. Sàbat, Constraints on the western Mediterranean kinematic evolution along a 1,000-km transect from Iberia to Africa, in The Mediterranean basins: Tertiary extension within the Alpine orogen, edited by B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horváth, and M. Séranne, pp. 63–83, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ, 156, in press.
75. Vergés, J., A. Muñoz, A. Martínez, South Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt: Role of foreland evaporitic levels in thrust geometry, Thrust Tectonics, edited by K. McClay, 255–264, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1992.
76. Vergés, J., H. Millán, E. Roca, J. A. Muñoz, M. Marzo, J. Cirés, T. Den Bezemer, R. Zoetemeijer, S. Cloetingh, Eastern Pyrenees and related foreland basins: Pre-, syn-, and post-collisional crustal-scale cross-sections Mar. Pet. Geo., 12, 893–915, 1995.
77. Vergés, J., C. Lewis, M. Marzo, Fluvial drainage and topography related to extension: NE of Iberia, Geogaceta, 20, 850–852, 1996.
78. Vergés, J., M. Marzo, T. Santaeulària, J. Serra-Kiel, D. W. Burbank, J. A. Muñoz, J. Giménez-Montsant, Quantified vertical motions and tectonic evolution of the SE Pyrenean foreland basin, Cenozoic Foreland Basins of Western Europe Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 132A. Mascle, et al., 107–134, 1998.
79. Vidal, N., J. Gallart, J. J. Dañobeitia, Contribution of the ESCI-València trough wide-angle data to a crustal transect in the NE Iberian margin, Rev. Soc. Geol.a Esp., 84, 417–429, 1997.
80. Vigliotti, L., V. E. Langenheim, When did Sardinia stop rotating?: New palaeomagnetic results, Terra Nova, 7, 424–435, 1995.
81. Watts, A. B., M. Torné, Subsidence history, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of the València trough: A young extensional basin of the western Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20021–20041, 1992.
82. Wdowinski, S., G. J. Axen, Isostatic rebound due to tectonic denudation: A viscous flow model of a layered lithosphere, Tectonics, 11, 303–315, 1992.
83. Weissel, J. K., G. D. Kamer, Flexural uplift of rift flanks due to mechanical unloading of the lithosphere during extension, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13919–13950, 1989.
84. Wernicke, B., G. J. Axen, On the role of isostasy in the evolution of normal fault systems, Geology, 16, 848–851, 1988.
85. Wernicke, B., et al., Origin of high mountains in the continents: The southern Sierra Nevada, Science, 271, 190–193, 1996.
86. Zandt, G., T. J. Owens, Crustal flexure associated with normal faulting and implications for seismicity along the Wasatch Front, Utah, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 70, 1501–1520, 1980.