Mediated monuments and national identity

Journal of Architecture

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 391-408

  Vale, Lawrence J ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18744369358     PISSN: 13602365     EISSN: 14664410     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/136023699373774     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. M. Edelman, From Art to Politics: How Artistic Creations Shape Political Conceptions (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1995), p. 76.
2. Wu Hung. 'Tiananmen Square: A political history of monuments,' Representations, 35 (1991), pp. 84-117.
3. K. Berton, Moscow: An Architectural History (New York, St. Martin's press, 1977), pp. 197, 202, 239.
4. Quoted in S. Kostof, 'The Emperor and the Duce: The planning of Piazzale Augusto Imperatore in Rome' in H. Millon and L. Nochlin (eds), Art and Architecture in Service of Politics (Cambridge, MIT Press, 1978), p. 284.
5. For fuller discussion of Mussolini's architectural and urbanistic efforts see, among many other sources, S. Kostof, The Third Rome: Traffic and Glory (Berkeley, Cal. University Art Museum, 1973);
6. D. Ghirardo, 'Italian architects and Fascist politics: An evaluation of the rationalist's role in regime building,' Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 39 (1980), pp. 109-127;
7. and D.P. Doordan, 'The political content in Italian architecture during the Fascist era,' Art Journal, 43, 2 (Summer 1983), pp. 121-31.
8. A. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (New York, Macmillan, 1970), pp. 152-54.
9. See also S. Helmer, Hitler's Berlin: The Speer Plans for Reshaping the Central City (Ann Arbor, UMI Research Press, 1985), pp. 27-48.
10. A. Speer, Hitler's Berlin: The Speer Plans for Reshaping the Central City, 1985, ibid., pp. 55, 103, 156. The new palace was to have encompassed 22 million square feet in the middle of Berlin, and diplomats would have had to hike a half a mile within it in order to meet with Hitler.
11. See L. J. Vale, Architecture, Power, and National Identity (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1992), especially chapter 2.
12. Cesar Pelli, quoted in Architecture (September 1994), p. 110.
13. For a discussion of the broader relationship between archaeology and nationalism, see P.L. Kohl, 'Nationalism and archaeology: On the constructions of nations and the reconstructions of the remote past,' Annual Review of Anthropology 27 (1998), pp. 223-46.
14. 'Babylonian culture lives again: Iraq opens festival Friday at rebuilt "cradle of civilisation",' St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 18 September 1989, p. 4A.
15. S. al-Khalil [alias Kanan Makiya], The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991), pp. 70-1.
16. Mouayad Said, quoted in G.D. Moffett III, 'Iraq reconstructs ancient Babylon,' The Christian Science Monitor, (6 February 1990), p. 17.
17. 'Babylonian culture lives again: Iraq opens festival Friday at rebuilt "cradle of civilisation",' St. Louis Post-Dispatch, op. cit.
18. D. Williams, 'The New King of Babylon,' Los Angeles Times, 6 September 1990, p. A7;
19. J.R. Payton, 'Babylon now an ad for Hussein,' St. Petersburg (Florida) Times, 5 September 1990;
20. D. Jehl, 'Look Who's Stealing Nebuchadnezzar's Thunder,' New York Times, 2 June 1997, p. A4;
21. P. Sherwell, 'Saddam's personality cult is set in stone,' Daily Telegraph, 6 March 1999, p. 17.
22. D. Jehl, Daily Telegraph, 1999, ibid., A4;
23. 'Saddam does battle with Nebuchadnezzar,' The Guardian, 4 January 1999, p. 11.
24. Sherwell, op. cit., p. 17;
25. A. La Guardia, 'Saddam builds his own monuments,' Daily Telegraph, 20 October 1995, p. 24.
26. Williams, op cit., p. A7.
27. S. al-Khalil, op. cit., pp. 70-1.
28. L. Gay, 'Saddam's Babylonian palaces doomed to fall back into ruin,' The Ottawa Citizen, 11 September 1993, p. J2.
29. 'Saddam does battle with Nebuchadnezzar, op. cit.;'
30. B. Demick, 'Robbing the cradle of civilisation,' Toronto Star, 29 March 1998, p. A2.
31. H. Kuklick, 'Contested monuments: The politics of archeology in Southern Africa' in G.W. Stocking, (ed), Colonial Situations: Essays on the Contextualization of Ethnographic Knowledge, History of Anthropology Volume 7 (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1991), pp. 139-40;
32. J. Theodore Bent quoted p. 140.
33. See also D. Beach, 'Cognitive archaeology and imaginary history at Great Zimbabwe,' Current Anthropology 39, no. 1 (1998), pp. 47-72.
34. H. Kuklick, Current Anthropology, ibid., 1998, pp. 140-3.
35. Gertrude Caton-Thompson (1929), quoted p. 153.
36. Benedict Mtshali, quoted in N. Henry, 'Pride inhabits ruins of Great Zimbabwe National Monument,' Los Angeles Times, 18 March 1990, p. A2.
37. D.G. McNeil Jr., 'Great Zimbabwe journal: The marketing of an ancient capital's mysteries,' New York Times, 18 January 1997, p.4.
38. R. Stanton, 'Festival to focus on culture, history of southern Africa,' The Houston Chronicle, 5 April 1999, p. A20.
39. N. Hammond, 'Zimbabwe puts its heritage on show,' The Times [London], 7 October 1992;
40. J. Raath, 'The stone metropolis,' The Times [London], 20 February 1999.
41. P. Garlake, Great Zimbabwe Described and Explained, with an Introduction by the Minister of Home Affairs Dr Herbert Ushewokunze (Harare, Zimbabwe Publishing House, 1982), pp. 4-5, 7, 11-17, 19, 61-4. Garlake is considered the leading archaeological authority on the ruins.