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The MINOS home page at www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~reus/offers background information; project objectives; descriptions of measurement platforms and instrumentation; meteorological information, including back-trajectories; participating institutions; contact persons; and modeling results.
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Model details are offered at www.mpch-mainz.mpg. de/∼lawrence/MATCH/match_overview.html. Chemical weather forecasts to support campaign planning are presented through the MINOS home page (11) and at www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/∼lawrence/forecasts.html. The mean correlation coefficient between measured and modeled CO along the flight tracks is r = 0.73. The addition of nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions to the model (5) and their CO yield are described at www.mpchmainz.mpg.de/∼kuhlmann/rvkdisshtmi/.
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3), as shown in (9) and (27-31).
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We applied the European Centre model, Hamburg version 4 (ECHAM-4), described in (40) and (41), at T42 resolution (about 2.8° latitude-longitude). The model was forced with SSTs of the Mediterranean and Black Sea (42) and used observed maximum and minimum monthly mean values. The seasonal SST amplitude was 14° to 15.5°C in February to 24.5° to 27°C in August. These sensitivity calculations do not account for changes in atmospheric heating gradients by aerosol absorption or indirect aerosol influences on clouds, which could additionally impose strong climate forcings, including a suppression of moisture transport (32). The model was also used for tracer forecasts during the MINOS campaign.
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The Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), at www.emep.int, offers estimates of emissions variable over time (since 1980) of European anthropogenic trace species.
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note
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Funding from the NSF contributed to this work. The King Air flights were supported by the Israeli Space Agency as part of the Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX).
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