Wood-based filter for nitrate removal in septic systems

Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 121-128

  Robertson, W D ^a   Ford, G I ^b   Lombardo, P S ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b Septech Environmental Ltd   (Canada)

^c Lombardo Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

NO3; On site; Sewage; Treatment

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DENITRIFICATION; DETERIORATION; FILTERS (FOR FLUIDS); GROUNDWATER; NITRATES; NITROGEN REMOVAL; SEPTIC TANKS;

GROUNDWATER PLUMES; SEPTIC SYSTEMS; WOOD BYPRODUCTS; WOOD-BASED FILTER;

WOOD PRODUCTS;

FILTER; NITRATE;

CONCENTRATION; DEGRADATION; FILTERS; GROUND WATER; NITRATES; NITROGEN; WOOD PRODUCTS;

EID: 18644362029     PISSN: 00012351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. APHA. 1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.
2. Andreoli, A., N. Bartilucci, R. Forgione, and R. Reynolds. 1979. Nitrogen removal in a subsurface disposal system. J. Water Pollution Control Federation 51(4): 841-854.
3. Blowes, D. W., W. D. Robertson, C. J. Ptacek, and C. Merkley. 1994. Removal of agricultural nitrate from tile-drainage effluent water using in-line bioreactors. J. Contaminant Hydrology 15(3): 207-221.
4. Brooks, J. L., C. A. Rock, and R. A. Struchtemeyer. 1984. Use of peat for on-site wastewater treatment: II. Field studies. J. Environ. Quality 13(4): 524-529.
5. Browning, B. L. 1963. The composition and chemical reactions of wood. In The Chemistry of Wood, 57-102. B. L. Browning, ed. New York, N.Y.: Interscience Publishers.
6. Canter, L. W., and R. C. Knox. 1985. Septic Tank System Effects on Groundwater Quality. Chelsea, Mich.: Lewis Publishers.
7. Carmichael, P. A. 1994. Using wood chips as a source of organic carbon in denitrification: A column experiment and field study implementing the funnel and gate design. MSc thesis. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo, Department of Earth Sciences.
8. Converse, J. C., and M. M. Converse. 1998. Pump chamber effluent quality following aerobic units and sand filters servicing residences. In Proc. 8th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, 388-402. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
9. Delwiche, C. C. 1981. The nitrogen cycle and nitrous oxide. In Denitrification, Nitrification, and Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide, 1-17. C. C. Delwiche, ed. New York, N.Y: Wiley Interscience.
10. Hines, M. W., E. R. Bennett, and J. A. Hoehne. 1978. Alternative systems for effluent treatment and disposal. In Proc. 2nd National Home Sewage Treatment Symposium, 137-148. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
11. Kapoor, A., and T. Viraraghavan. 1997. Nitrate removal from drinking water- Review. J. Environ. Eng. 123(4): 371-380.
12. Koch, G., and H. Siegrist. 1997. Denitrification with methanol in tertiary filtration at wastewater treatment plant Zürich-Werdholzli. Water Science and Tech. 36(1): 165-172.
13. Laak, R. 1981. Denitrification of blackwater with gray water. J. Environ. Eng. 107(3): 581-590.
14. Lamb, B. E., A. J. Gold, G. W. Loomis, and C. G. McKiel. 1991. Nitrogen removal for on-site sewage disposal: Field evaluation of buried sand filter/graywater systems. Trans. ASAE 34(3): 883-889.
15. Levenick, J. L. 2001. Geochemical and hydraulic controls affecting nutrient removal in a subsurface flow constructed wetland system. MSc thesis. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo, Department of Earth Sciences.
16. MOE. 1982. Manual of policy, procedures, and guidelines for private sewage disposal systems. Technical report. Toronto, Ontario: Ministry of the Environment.
17. ODEQ. 2004. LaPine demonstration project database. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. Available at: www.deq.state.orus/wq/onsite/lapine.html.
18. Robertson, W. D., and J. A. Cherry. 1995. In situ denitrification of septic-system nitrate using reactive porous media barriers: Field trials. Ground Water 33(1): 99-111.
19. Robertson, W. D., J. A. Cherry, and E. A. Sudicky. 1991. Ground-water contamination from two small septic systems on sand aquifers. Ground Water 29(1): 82-92.
20. Robertson, W. D., D. W Blowes, C. J. Ptacek, and J. A. Cherry. 2000. Long-term performance of in situ reactive barriers for nitrate remediation. Ground Water 38(5): 689-695.
21. Sandy, A. T., W. A. Sack, and S. P. Dix. 1987. Enhanced nitrogen removal using a modified recirculating sand filter. In On-Site Wastewater Treatment: Proc. 5th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, 161-170. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
22. Schipper, L. A., and M. Vojvodic-Vukovic. 1998. Nitrate removal from groundwater using a denitrification wall amended with sawdust: Field trial. J. Environ. Quality 27(3): 664-668.
23. Siegrist, R., M. Witt, and W. C. Boyle. 1976. Characteristics of rural household wastewater. J. Environ. Eng. 102(3): 533-548.
24. Sikora, L. J., J. C. Converse, D. R. Keeney, and R. C. Chen. 1978. Field evaluation of a denitrification system. In Proc. 2nd National Home Sewage Treatment Symposium, 202-207. St Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
25. USEPA. 1993. Nitrogen control manual. Technical report EPA/625/R-93/010, Washington, D.C.: U.S. EPA.
26. Valiela, I., M. Geist, J. McClelland, and G. Tomasky. 2000. Nitrogen loading from watersheds to estuaries: Verification of the Waquoit Bay nitrogen loading model. Bio geochemistry 49(3): 277-293.
27. Viraraghaven, T. 1977. Influence of temperature on the performance of septic tank systems. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 7(1): 103-110.
28. Vogan, J. L. 1993. The use of emplaced denitrifying layers to promote nitrate removal from septic effluent. MSc thesis. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo, Department of Earth Sciences.
29. Walker, W. G., J. Bouma, D. R. Keeney, and P. G. Olcott. 1973. Nitrogen transformation during subsurface disposal of septic tank effluent in sands: II. Ground water quality. J. Environ. Quality 2(4): 521-525.