Morphological and geochemical variations along the eastern Galápagos Spreading Center

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2005, Pages

  Christie, David M ^a   Werner, Reinhard ^b   Hauff, Folkmar ^c   Hoernle, Kaj ^c   Hanan, Barry B ^d  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Tethys Geoconsulting GmbH   (Germany)

^c GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^d SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Axial morphology; Galapagos spreading center; Intermediate spreading rate; Mid ocean ridge geochemistry; Morphologic transitions; Ridge hot spot interaction

Indexed keywords

EID: 18544385763     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004GC000714     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Ariskin, A. A., M. Y. Frenkel, G. S. Barmina, and R. L. Nielsen (1993), COMAGMAT: A Fortran program to model magma differentiation processes, Comput. Geosci., 19, 1155-1170.
2. Asimow, P. D., and C. H. Langmuir (2003), The importance of water to oceanic mantle melting regimes, Nature, 42, 815-820.
3. Blichert-Toft, J., and W. M. White (2001), Hf isotope geochemistry of the Galapagos Islands, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2, doi:10.1029/2000GC000138.
4. Canales, J. P., J. J. Danobeitia, R. S. Detrick, E. E. Hooft, R. Bartolome, and D. F. Naar (1997), Variations in axial morphology along the Galapagos spreading center and the influence of the Galapagos hotspot, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27, 341-27, 354.
5. Canales, J. P., G. Ito, R. S. Detrick, and J. M. Sinton (2002), Crustal thickness along the western Galápagos spreading center and the compensation of the Galápagos hotspot swell, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 311-327.
6. Christie, D. M., and J. M. Sinton (1981), Evolution of abyssal lavas along propagating segments of the Galápagos spreading center, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 56, 321-335.
7. Cushman, B., J. Sinton, G. Ito, and J. Eaby Dixon (2004), Glass compositions, plume-ridge interaction, and hydrous melting along the Galápagos Spreading Center, 90.5°Wto 98°W, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q08E17, doi:10.1029/2004GC000709.
8. Detrick, R. S., J. M. Sinton, G. Ito, J. P. Canales, M. Behn, T. Blacic, B. Cushman, J. E. Dixon, D. W. Graham, and J. J. Mahoney (2002), Correlated geophysical, geochemical, and volcanological manifestations of plume-ridge interaction along the Galápagos Spreading Center, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(10), 8501, doi:10.1029/2002GC000350.
9. Douglas-Priebe, L. M. (1998), Geochemical and petrogenetic effects of the interaction of the Southeast Indian Ridge and the Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot, M.S. thesis, 132 pp., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
10. Duncan, R. A., and R. B. Hargraves (1984), Caribbean region in the mantle reference frame, in The Caribbean-South American Plate Boundary and Regional Tectonics, edited by W. Bonini et al., Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 162, 89-121.
11. Embley, R. W., K. M. Murphy, and C. G. Fox (1990), High resolution studies of the summit of Axial volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 12, 785-12, 812.
12. Fisk, M. R., A. E. Bence, and J.-G. Schilling (1982), Major element chemistry of Galápagos rift magmas and their phenocrysts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 61, 171-189.
13. Fornari, D. J., M. R. Perfit, A. Malahoff, and R. W. Embley (1983), Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galápagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 1. Major element variations in natural glasses and spatial distribution of lavas, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10, 519-10, 529. (Pubitemid 14534682)
14. Geist, D. J. (1992), An appraisal of melting processes and the Galápagos Hotspot: Major-and trace-element evidence, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 52, 65-82.
15. Geist, D. J., W. M. White, and A. R. McBirney (1988), Plumeasthenosphere mixing beneath the Galapagos Archipelago, Nature, 333, 657-660.
16. Geldmacher, J., B. B. Hanan, J. Blichert-Toft, K. Harpp, K. Hoernle, F. Hauff, R. Werner, and A. C. Kerr (2003), Hafnium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province and Galápagos hot spot tracks, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(7), 1062, doi:10.1029/2002GC000477.
17. Govindaraju, K. (1989), 1989 compilation of working values and sample description for 272 geostandards, Geostand. Newsl., 13, 1-113.
18. Govindaraju, K. (1994), 1994 Compilation of working values and description for 383 geostandards, Geostand. Newsl., 18, 1-158.
19. Graham, D. W., D. M. Christie, K. S. Harpp, and J. E. Lupton (1993), Mantle plume helium in submarine basalts from the Galápagos Platform, Science, 262, 2023-2026.
20. Harpp, K. S. (1995), Magmatic evolution of mid-ocean ridges and hotspots: Isotopic and trace element studies of the East Pacific Rise, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Galápagos Islands, Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
21. Harpp, K., and D. Geist (2002), Wolf-Darwin lineament and plume-ridge interaction in northern Galápagos, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3 (11), 8504, doi:10.1029/2002GC000370.
22. Harpp, K. S., and W. M. White (2001), Tracing a mantle plume: Isotopic and trace element variations of Galápagos seamounts, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2, doi:10.1029/2000GC000137.
23. Harpp, K. S., K. R. Wirth, and D. J. Korich (2002), Northern Galápagos Province: Hotspot-induced, nearridge volcanism at Genovesa Island, Geology, 30(5), 399-402.
24. Hauff, F., K.Hoernle, H.-U.Schmincke, andR.Werner (1997), A mid Cretaceous origin for the Galapagos Hotspot: Volcanological, petrological, and geochemical evidence from Costa Rican oceanic crustal segments, Geol. Rundsch., 86, 141-155.
25. Hauff, F., K. Hoernle, P. van den Bogaard, G. Alvarado, and D. Garbe-Schönberg (2000a), Age and geochemistry of basaltic complexes in western Costa Rica: Contributions to the geotectonic evolution of Central America, Geochem. Geo-phys. Geosyst., 1, doi:10.1029/1999GC000020.
26. Hauff, F., K. Hoernle, G. Tilton, D. Graham, and A. C. Kerr (2000b), Large volume recycling of oceanic lithosphere over short time scales: Geochemical constraints from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 174, 247-263.
27. Hey, R. N. (1977), Tectonic evolution of the Cocos-Nazca spreading center, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 1404-1420.
28. Hey, R., G. L. Johnson, and A. Lowrie (1977), Recent plate motions in the Galapagos area, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 1385-1403.
29. Hoernle, K. A., R. Werner, J. P. Morgan, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Bryce, and J. Mrazek (2000), Existence of complex spatial zonation in the Galápagos plume for at least 14 m. y., Geology, 28, 435-438.
30. Hoernle, K. A., F. Hauff, and P. van den Bogaard (2004), A 70 Myr history (69-139 Ma) for the Caribbean Large Igneous Province, Geology, in press.
31. Ito, G., and J. Lin (1995a), Mantle temperature anomalies along the present and paleoaxes of the Galapagos spreading center as inferred from gravity analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3733-3745.
32. Ito, G., and J. Lin (1995b), Oceanic spreading center-hotspot interactions: Constraints from along-isochron bathymetric and gravity anomalies, Geology, 23, 657-660.
33. Ito, G., J. Lin, and C. W. Gable (1997), Interaction of mantle plumes and migrating mid-ocean ridges: Implications for the Galapagos plume-ridge system, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15, 403-15, 417.
34. Kellogg, J. N., and V. Vega (1995), Tectonic development of Panamá, Costa Rica, and the Colombian Andes: Constraints from global positioning system geodetic studies and gravity, in Geologic and Tectonic Development of the Caribbean Plate Boundary in Southern Central America, edited by P. Mann, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 295, 75-90.
35. Kent, A. J. R., E. M. Stolper, D. Francis, J. Woodhead, R. Frei, and J. Eiler (2004), Mantle heterogeneity during the formation of the North Atlantic Igneous Province: Constraints from trace element and Sr-Nd-Os-O isotope systematics of Baffin Island picrites, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q11004, doi:10.1029/2004GC000743.
36. Klein, E. M., and C. H. Langmuir (1987), Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8089-8115.
37. Klein, E. M., and C. H. Langmuir (1989), Local versus global variations in ocean ridge basalt composition: A reply, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4241-4252.
38. Kurz, M. D., and D. J. Geist (1999), Dynamics of the Galápagos hotspot from helium isotope geochemistry, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 4139-4156.
39. Langmuir, C. H., E. M. Klein, and T. Plank (1992), Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: Constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges, in Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.71, edited by J. Phipps Morgan, D. K. Blackman, and J. M. Sinton, pp. 183-280, AGU, Washington, D. C.
40. Lonsdale, P., and K. D. Klitgord (1978), Structure and tectonic history of the eastern Panama Basin, Geol Soc. Am. Bull., 89, 981-999.
41. Perfit, M. R., and D. J. Fornari (1983), Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galápagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 2. Phase chemistry and crystallization history, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10, 530-10, 550.
42. Perfit, M. R., D. J. Fornari, A. Malahoff, and R. W. Embley (1983), Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galápagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 3. Trace element abundances and petrogenesis, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10, 551-10, 572. (Pubitemid 14534680)
43. Perram, L. J., and K. C. Macdonald (1994), An overlapping propagating spreading center at 87°30'W on the Galápagos Spreading Center, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 121, 95-211.
44. Plank, T., and C. H. Langmuir (1988), An evaluation of global variations in the major element chemistry of arc basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 90, 349-370.
45. Saal, A. E., and J. A. Van Orman (2004), The 226Ra enrichment in oceanic basalts: Evidence for melt-cumulate diffusive interaction processes within the oceanic lithosphere, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q02008, doi:10.1029/ 2003GC000620.
46. Sallarès, V., and P. Charvis (2003), Crustal thickness constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Galápagos volcanic province, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 214, 545-559.
47. Schilling, J.-G. (1991), Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating midocean ridges, Nature, 352, 397-403.
48. Schilling, J.-G., R. N. Anderson, and P. Vogt (1976), Rare earth, Fe and Ti variations along the Galapagos Spreading Centre and their relationship to the Galapagos mantle plume, Nature, 261, 108-113.
49. Schilling, J.-G., R. H. Kingsley, and J. D. Devine (1982), Galapagos hotspot-spreading center system: 1. Spatial petrological and geochemical variations (83°W-101°W), J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5593-5610.
50. Schilling, J., D. Fontignie, J. Blichert-Toft, R. Kingsley, and U. Tomza (2003), Pb-Hf-Nd-Sr isotope variations along the Galapagos Spreading Center (101° -83°W): Constraints on the dispersal of the Galápagos mantle plume, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(10), 8512, doi:10.1029/2002GC000495.
51. Shah, A. K., and J.-C. Sempéré (1998), Morphology of the transition from an axial high to a rift valley at the Southeast Indian Ridge and the relation to variations in mantle temperature, J. Geophys Res., 103, 5203-5223.
52. Shank, T., et al. (2003), Deep submergence synergy: Alvin and ABE explore the Galápagos Rift at 86°W, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(41), 425, 432-433.
53. Sinton, C. W., D. M. Christie, and R. A. Duncan (1996), Geochronology of Galapagos seamounts, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 13, 689-13, 700.
54. Sinton, C. W., R. A. Duncan, and P. Denver (1997), Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica: A single suite of Caribbean oceanic plateau magmas, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15, 507-15, 520.
55. Sinton, J. M., D. S. Wilson, D. M. Christie, R. N. Hey, and J. R. Delaney (1983), Petrologic consequences of rift propagation on oceanic spreading ridges, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 62, 193-207.
56. Sinton, J., R. Detrick, J. P. Canales, G. Ito, and M. Behn (2003), Morphology and segmentation of the western Galapagos Spreading Center, 90.5°-98°W: Plume-ridge interaction at an intermediate spreading ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(12), 8515, doi:10.1029/2003GC000609.
57. Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship deep soundings, Science, 277, 1956-1962.
58. Sours-Page, R. E., K. T. M. Johnson, R. L. Nielsen, and J. Karsten (1999), The petrogenesis of the diversity of parent magmas in the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 134, 342-363.
59. Spiegelman, M., and P. B. Kelemen (2003), Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of channelized melt transport, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(7), 1055, doi:10.1029/2002GC000336.
60. Sun, S.-S., and W. F. McDonough (1989), Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes, in Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, edited by A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norris, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 42, 313-345.
61. Verma, S. P., and J.-G. Schilling (1982), Galapagos hot spotspreading center system: 2. 87Sr/86 Sr and large ion lithophile element variations (85°W-101°W), J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10, 838-10, 85.
62. Verma, S. P., J.-G. Schilling, and D. G. Waggoner (1983), Neodymium isotopic evidence for Galápagos hotspotspreading centre evolution, Nature, 306, 654-657.
63. Werner, R., K. Hoernle, U. Barckhausen, and F. Hauff (2003), Geodynamic evolution of the Galápagos hot spot system (Central East Pacific) over the past 20 m.y.: Constraints from morphology, geochemistry, and magnetic anomalies, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(12), 1108, doi:10.1029/2003GC000576.
64. Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith (1995), New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, Eos Trans. AGU, 76, 329.
65. White, W. M. (1979), Pb isotope geochemistry of the Galápagos Islands, Year Book Carnegie Inst. Washington, 78, 331-335.
66. White, W. M., and A. W. Hofmann (1978), Geochemistry of the Galápagos Islands: Implications for mantle dynamics and evolution, Year Book Carnegie Inst. Washington, 77, 596-606.
67. White, W. M., A. R. McBirney, and R. A. Duncan (1993), Petrology and geochemistry of the Galapagos Islands: Portrait of a pathological mantle plume, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19, 533-19, 563.
68. Wilson, D. S., and R. N. Hey (1995), History of rift propagation and magnetization intensity for the Cocos-Nazca spreading center, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 10, 041-10, 056.