Medical health physics: A review

Health Physics

Volumn 88, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 653-664

  Vetter, Richard J ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Health Physics Society; Medical radiation; Patient protection; Reviews

Indexed keywords

IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN; IODINE 131; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; TECHNETIUM 99M;

BRACHYTHERAPY; CONSENSUS; FLUOROSCOPY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH PHYSICS; ISOTOPE LABELING; MEDICAL HEALTH PHYSICS; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MEDICAL SOCIETY; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; ONCOLOGY; PATIENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION ACCIDENT; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIOLOGY; REVIEW;

HEALTH PHYSICS; HUMANS; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; RADIATION INJURIES; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 18544382684     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200506000-00010     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Achey B, Miller KL, Erdman M, King S. Some experiences with treating thyroid cancer patients. Health Phys 80:S62-6; 2001.
2. Al-Haj AN, Lagarde CS. Statistical analysis of historical occupational dose records at a large medical center. Health Phys 83:854-60; 2002.
3. Archer BR. A history of shielding of diagnostic x-ray facilities. Health Phys 69:458; 1995.
4. Archer BR, Fewell TR, Conway BJ, Quinn PW. Attenuation properties of diagnostic x-ray shielding materials. Med Phys 21:1499-507; 1994.
5. Baiter S, Oetgen M, Hill A, Dalton J, Sacher A, Lipsztein R, Collins M, Moses J. Personnel exposure during gamma endovascular brachytherapy. Health Phys 79:136-146; 2000.
6. Barish RJ. Practical high-density shielding materials for medical linear accelerator rooms. Health Phys 58:37-39; 1990.
7. Barish RJ. Evaluation of a new high-density shielding material. Health Phys 64:412-416; 1993.
8. Barrington SF, O'Doherty MJ, Kettle AG, Thomson WH, Mountford PJ, Burrell DN, Farrell RJ, Batchelor S, Seed P, Harding LK. Radiation exposure of the families of outpatients treated with radioiodine (iodine-131) for hyperthyroidism. Eur J Nucl Med 26:686-92; 1999.
9. Benedetto AR, Dziuk TW, Nusynowitz ML. Population exposure from nuclear medicine procedures: measurement data. Health Phys 57:725-31; 1989.
10. Bohan M, Yue N, Nath R. On the need for massive additional shielding of a catheterization laboratory for the implementation of high dose rate 192Ir intravascular brachytherapy. Cardiovasc Radiat Med 2:39-41; 2000.
11. Braga FJ, Souza JF, Trad CS, Santos AC, Ghillardi Netto T, Elias J Jr, Hindie E, Iazigi N. An improved mouth-piece to prevent environmental contamination during radioaerosol inhalation procedures. Health Phys 75:424-7; 1998.
12. Bursik SM, Vetter RJ. Historical profile. Professor Roentgen's discovery of x rays. Health Phys 60:132; 1991.
13. Carlson SK, Bender CE, Classic KL, Zink FE, Quam JP, Ward EM, Oberg AL. Benefits and safety of CT fluoroscopy in interventional radiologic procedures. Radiol 219:515-20; 2001.
14. Christensen RC, Sayeg JA. Attenuation characteristics of gypsum wallboard. Health Phys 36:595-600; 1979.
15. Christie AC. The American Roentgen Ray Society. Am J Roentgenol 76:1; 1956.
16. Dixon RL, Simpkin DJ. Primary shielding barriers for diagnostic x-ray facilities: a new model. Health Phys 74:181-189; 1998.
17. Early PJ. Use of diagnostic radionuclides in medicine. Health Phys 69:649-661; 1995.
18. Edison TA. Notes. Nature 53:421; 1896.
19. Espenan GD, Nelson JA, Fisher DR, Diaco DS, McCarthy KE, Anthony LB, Maloney TJ, Woltering EA. Experiences with high dose radiopetide therapy: the health physics perspective. Health Phys 76:225-235; 1999.
20. Evdokimoff V, Cash C, Buckley K, Cardenas A. Potential for radioactive patient excreta in hospital trash and medical waste. Health Phys 66:209-211; 1994.
21. Fenner FD, Martin JE. Behavior of Na131I and meta(131I) iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in municipal sewerage. Health Phys 73:333-9; 1997.
22. Folkerts KH, Franz A, Kiefer A, Hennersdorf G. Radiation exposure of health personnel and patients in the heart catheterization laboratory during vascular brachytherapy. Z Kardiol 91:493-502; 2002.
23. Friedman MI, Ghesani M. Interactive software automates personalized radiation safety plans for Na131I therapy. Health Phys 83:871-84; 2002.
24. Gitterman M, Webster EW. Shielding hospital rooms for brachytherapy patients: design, regulatory and cost/benefit factors. Health Phys 46:617-625; 1984.
25. Glasgow GP, Walker S, Williams JD. Radiation exposure rates near brachytherapy patients containing 137Cs sources. Health Phys 48:97-104; 1985.
26. Glaze SA, Scheiders NJ, Bushong SC. Use of gypsum wall-board for diagnostic x-ray protective barriers. Health Phys 36:587-593; 1979.
27. Goddard C. The use of delay tanks in the management of radioactive waste from thyroid therapy. Nucl Med Commun 20:85-94; 1999.
28. Greaves C, Tindale W. Radioiodine therapy: care of the helpless patient and handling of the radioactive corpse. J Radiol Prot 21:381-92; 2001.
29. Griffiths PA, Jones GP, Marshall C, Powley SK. Radiation protection consequences of the care of a terminally ill patient having received a thyroid ablation dose of 131I-sodium iodide. Br J Radiol 73:1209-1212; 2000.
30. Grigsby PW, Siegel BA, Baker S, Eichung JO. Radiation exposure from outpatient radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for thyroid carcinoma. JAMA 283:2272-4; 2000.
31. Hendee WR. History, current status, and trends of radiation protection standards. Med Phys 20:1303-14; 1993.
32. Ho SY, Shearer DR. Radioactive contamination in hospitals from nuclear medicine patients. Health Phys 62:462-466; 1992.
33. Holmes DR Jr, Wondrow MA, Gray JE, Vetter RJ, Fellows JL, Julsrud PR. Effect of pulsed progressive fluoroscopy on reduction of radiation dose in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. J Am Coll Cardiol 15:159-162; 1990.
34. Homer L, Smith AH. Radiation protection issues of treating hyperthyroidism with 131I in patients on haemodialysis. Nucl Med Commun 23:261-4; 2002.
35. International Commission of Radiological Protection. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP Publication 60; Annals of the ICRP 21(1-3); 1991.
36. International Commission of Radiological Protection. Prevention of accidental exposures to patients undergoing radiation therapy. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP Publication 60; Annals of the ICRP 30(3); 2000.
37. Kase KR, Nelson WR, Fasso A, Liu JC, Mao X, Jenkins TM, Kleck JH. Measurements of accelerator-produced leakage neutron and photon transmission through concrete. Health Phys 84:180-187; 2003.
38. Kathren RL. Early x-ray protection in the United States. Health Phys 8:503-511; 1962.
39. Kathren RL, Ziemer PL. Health physics: A backward glance. New York: Pergamon Press; 1980.
40. Kearfott KJ, Carey JE, Lemenshaw MN, Faulkner DB. Radiation protection design for a clinical positron emission tomography imaging suite. Health Phys 63:581-589; 1992.
41. Kleck JH, Benedict SH, Cook JS, Birdsall RL, Satyamurthy N. Assessment of 18F gaseous releases during the production of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Health Phys 60:657-660; 1991.
42. Kocher DC. Perspective on the historical development of radiation standards. Health Phys 61:519-527; 1991.
43. Kron T, Aldrich B, Javanovic K, Howlett S, Hamilton C. Workload and use factor of medical linear accelerators in radiotherapy. Health Phys 69:971-975; 1995.
44. Kubo HD, Glasgow GP, Pethel TD, Thomadsen BR, Williamson JF. High dose-rate brachytherapy treatment delivery: Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 59. Med Phys 25:375-403; 1998.
45. Langer SG, Gray JE. Radiation shielding implications of computed tomography scatter exposure to the floor. Health Phys 75:193-196; 1998.
46. LaRiviere PD. Transmission in concrete of primary and leakage x rays from a 24 mV medical linear accelerator. Health Phys 47:819-827; 1984.
47. Leslie WD, Havelock J, Falser R, Abrams DN. Large-body radiation doses following radioiodine therapy. Nucl Med Commun 23:1091-7; 2002.
48. Leung PM, Nikolic M. Disposal of therapeutic 131I waste using a multiple holding tank system. Health Phys 75:315-321; 1998.
49. Lowe VJ, Wiseman GA. Assessment of lymphoma therapy using 18F-FDG PET. N Nucl Med 43:1028-1030; 2002.
50. Lushbaugh CC, Fry SA, Ricks RC, Hubner KF, Burr WW. Historical update of past and recent skin damage radiation accidents. Br J Radiol Suppl 19:7-12; 1986.
51. Made L, Weerasooriya R, Jais P, Scavee C, Raybaud F, Choi KJ, Hocini M, Clementy J, Haissaguerre M. Radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26:288-91; 2003.
52. Magne N, Magne J, Bracco J, Bussiere F. Disposition of radioiodine (131)I therapy for thyroid carcinoma in a patient with severely impaired renal function on chronic dialysis: a case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 32:202-5; 2002.
53. Maletskos CJ, Lipsztein JL. The Goiania radiation accident. Health Phys 60:1-113; 1991.
54. Mathieu I, Caussin J, Smeesters P, Wambersie A, Beckers C. Recommended restrictions after 131I therapy: measured doses in family members. Health Phys 76:129-136; 1999.
55. McElroy NL. Efficacy of various syringe shields for 99mTc. Health Phys 41:535-542; 1981.
56. McGinley PH. Photoneutron production in the primary barriers of medical accelerator rooms. Health Phys 62:359-362; 1992.
57. McGinley PH, Miner MS. A history of radiation shielding of x-ray therapy rooms. Health Phys 69:759-765; 1995.
58. Methe BM. Shielding design for a PET imaging suites: a case study. Health Phys 84:S83-S88; 2003.
59. Metzger R, Richardson R, Van Riper KA. A Monte Carlo model for retrospective analysis of shield design in a diagnostic x-ray room. Health Phys 65:164-71; 1993.
60. Morton WJ. Notes. Nature 53:421; 1896.
61. Mosman EA, Peterson LJ, Hung JC, Gibbons RJ. Practical methods for reducing radioactive contamination incidents in the nuclear cardiology laboratory. J Nucl Med Technol 27:287-9; 1999.
62. Nag S, Gupta N, Monge RM. Brachytherapy for the interventional cardiologist and vascular surgeon. Cardiovasc Radiat Med 1:160-168; 1999.
63. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Precautions in the management of patients who have received therapeutic amounts of radionuclides. Bethesda: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 37; 1970.
64. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Structural shielding design and evaluation for medical use of x rays and gamma rays of energies up to 10 MeV. Bethesda: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 49; 1976.
65. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Radiation protection design guidelines for 0.1-100 MeV particle accelerator facilities. Bethesda: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 51; 1977.
66. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Limitation of exposure to ionizing radiation. Bethesda: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 116; 1993.
67. Nelson WR, LaRiviere PD. Primary and leakage radiation calculations at 6, 10 and 25 MeV. Health Phys 47:811-818; 1984.
68. Nenot JC. Radiation accidents: lessons learnt for future radiological protection. Int J Radiat Biol. 73:435-442; 1998.
69. Nickoloff EL, Khandji A, Dutta A. Radiation doses during CT fluoroscopy. Health Phys 79:675-681; 2000.
70. Orton CG. Uses of therapeutic x rays in medicine. Health Phys 69:662-676; 1995.
71. Ostrom LT, Rathbun P, Cumberlin R, Horton J, Gastorf R, Leahy TJ. Lessons learned from investigations of therapy misadministration events. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34:227-234; 1996.
72. Papin PJ, Ramsey MJ, LaFontaine RL, LePage RP. Effect of bedside shielding on air-kerma rates around gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy patients containing 226Ra or 137Cs. Health Phys 58:405-410; 1990.
73. Pokrajac B, Minar E, Kirisits C, Potter R. Present status of endovascular brachytherapy in peripheral arteries. Herz 27:56-61; 2002.
74. Roentgen WC. On a new kind of rays. Nature 53:274-276; 1896.
75. Russell JR, Stabin MG, Sparks RB. Placental transfer of radiopharmaceuticals and dosimetry in pregnancy. Health Phys 73:747-755; 1997a.
76. Russell JR, Stabin MG, Sparks RB, Watson E. Radiation absorbed dose to the embryo/fetus from radiopharmaceuticals. Health Phys 73:756-769; 1997b.
77. Rutar FJ, Augustine SC, Colcher D, Siegel JA, Jacobson DA, Tempero MA, Dukat VJ, Hohenstein MA, Gobar LS, Vose JM. Outpatient treatment with (131)I-anti-B1 antibody: radiation exposure to family members. J Nucl Med 42:907-915; 2001a.
78. Rutar FJ, Augustine SC, Kaminski MS, Wahl RL, Siegel JA, Colcher D. Feasibility and safety of outpatient Bexxar therapy (tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on radiation doses to family members. Clin Lymphoma 2:164-172; 2001b.
79. Ryan MT, Spicer KM, Frei-Lahr D, Samei E, Frey GD, Hargrove H, Bloodworth G. Health physics consequences of out-patient treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 131I-radiolabeled anti-B1 antibody. Health Phys 79:S52-S55; 2000.
80. Scanavacca M, d'Avila A, Velade JL, Reolao JB, Sosa E. Reduction of radiation exposure time during catheter ablation with the use of pulsed fluoroscopy. In J Cardiol 63:71-74; 1998.
81. Seibert JA. One hundred years of medical diagnostic imaging technology. Health Phys 69:695-720; 1995.
82. Sephton R, Das KR, Coles J, Toye W, Pinder P. Local shielding of high dose rate brachytherapy in an operating theatre. Australas Phys Eng Scie Med 22:113-117; 1999.
83. Serrano M, Olson A, Man C, Galonsky R, Stein R. Contamination and radiation exposure from 201Tl in patients undergoing dialysis after a nuclear medicine study. Health Phys 60:365-366; 1991.
84. Shobe J, Rodgers JE, Taylor PL. Scattered fractions of dose from 6, 10, 18, and 25 MV linear accelerator x rays in radiotherapy facilities. Health Phys 76:25-35; 1999.
85. Shope TB. Radiation-induced skin injuries from fluoroscopy. Radiographics 16:1195-1199; 1996.
86. Siegel JA, Sparks RB. Radioactivity appearing at landfills in household trash of nuclear medicine patients: much ado about nothing? Health Phys 82:367-372; 2002.
87. Simpkin DJ. Shielding requirements for mammography. Health Phys 53:267-279; 1987.
88. Simpkin DJ. Photon transmission of monoenergetic broad beams through gypsum wallboard. Health Phys 54:561-563; 1988.
89. Simpkin DJ. Transmission data for shielding diagnostic x-ray facilities. Health Phys 68:704-709; 1995.
90. Simpkin DJ. Scatter radiation intensities about mammography units. Health Phys 70:238-244; 1996a.
91. Simpkin DJ. Evaluation of NCRP Report No. 49 assumptions on workloads and use factors in diagnostic radiology facilities. Med Phys 23:577-584; 1996b.
92. Simpkin DJ, Dixon RL. Secondary shielding barriers for diagnostic x-ray facilities: scatter and leakage revisited. Health Phys 74:350-365; 1998.
93. Smith CL, Chu WK, Granville D, Nabity L. An examination of radiation exposure to clinical staff from patient implanted with 137Cs and 192Ir for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Health Phys 74:301-308; 1998.
94. St. Germain J. Radiation monitoring with reference to the medical environment. Health Phys 69:728-749; 1995.
95. Stelson AT, Watson EE, Cloutier RJ. A history of medical internal dosimetry. Health Phys 69:766-782; 1995.
96. Stoeteknuel-Friedli S, Do DD, von Briel C, Triller J, Mahler F, Baumgartner I. Endovascular brachytherapy for prevention of recurrent renal in-stent restenosis. J Endovasc Ther 9:350-353; 2002.
97. Thomadsen B, Van De Geijn J, Buchler D, Paliwal B. Fortification of existing rooms used for brachytherapy patients. Health Phys 45:607-615; 1983.
98. Thompson MA. Radiation safety precautions in the management of the hospitalized (131)I therapy patient. J Nucl Med Technol 29:61-6; 2001.
99. Toubert ME, Michel C, Metivier F, Peker MC, Rain JD. Iodine-131 ablation therapy for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nucl Med 26:302-5; 2001.
100. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Criteria for the release of individuals administered radioactive materials - NRC. Final rule. Fed Regist 62:4120-4133; 1997.
101. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Medical use of byproduct material; policy statement, revision. Fed Regist 65:47654-47660; 2000.
102. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Consolidated guidance about materials licensees: program-specific guidance about medical use licenses. NUREG-1556, Vol. 9; 2002.
103. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Title 10, Chapter 1, Code of Federal Regulations - Energy, Part 20, Standards for protection against radiation, subpart K, waste disposal. Washington, DC: U.S. NRC; 2003.
104. Vano E, Fernandez JM, Delgado V, Gonzalez L. Evaluation of tungsten and lead surgical gloves for radiation protection. Health Phys 68:855-858; 1995.
105. Vano E, Arranz L, Sastre JM, Moro C, Ledo A, Garate MT, Minguez I. Dosimetric and radiation protection considerations based on some cases of patient skin injuries in interventional cardiology. Br J Radiol 71:510-516; 1998.
106. Vetter RJ. Regulations for radioiodine therapy in the United States: current status and the process of change. Thyroid 7:209-211; 1997.
107. Webster EW. X rays in diagnostic radiology. Health Phys 69:610-635; 1995.
108. Williams KA. Measurement of ventricular function with radionuclide techniques. Curr Cardiolo Rep 5:45-51; 2003.
109. Wiseman GA, Kornmehl E, Leigh B, Erwin WD, Podoloff DA, Spies S, Sparks RB, Stavin MG, Witzig T, White CA. Radiation dosimetry results and safety correlations from 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: combined data from 4 clinical trials. J Nucl Med 44:465-474; 2003.
110. Yaffe MJ, Mawdsley GE, Lilley M, Servant R, Reh G. Composite materials for x-ray protection. Health Phys 60:661-664; 1991.
111. Zanzonico PB. Radiation dose to patients and relatives incident to 131I therapy. Thyroid 7:199-204; 1997.
112. Zanzonico PB, Siegel JA, St Germain J. A generalized algorithm for determining the time of release and the duration of post-release radiation precautions following radionuclide therapy. Health Phys 78:648-659; 2000.
113. Zhu X. Radiation safety consideration with therapeutic 90Y Zevalin. Health Phys 85:S31-S35; 2003.