Surgical treatment for metastatic malignancies. Anatomical resection of liver metastasis: Indications and outcomes

International Journal of Clinical Oncology

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 86-96

  Yasui, Kenzo ^a   Shimizu, Yasuhiro ^a  

^a AICHI CANCER CENTER HOSPITAL   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anatomical hepatectomy; Colorectal liver metastases; Hepatic resection; Indication; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

CANCER INVASION; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER RESECTION; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; LYMPHADENECTOMY; MEDLINE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MORBIDITY; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 18544366818     PISSN: 13419625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-005-0475-z     Document Type: Review

References (159)

1. Woodington GF, Waugh JM (1963) Results of resection of metastatic tumors of the liver. Am J Surg 105:24-29
2. Flannagan L, Foster JH (1967) Hepatic resection for metastic cancer. Am J Surg 113:551-557
3. Wilson SM, Adson MA (1976) Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancers. Arch Surg 111:330-334
4. Butler J, Attiyeh FF, Daly JM (1986) Hepatic resection for metastases of the colon and rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet 162:109-113
5. Scheele J, Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, et al. (1991) Indicators of prognosis after hepatic resection for colorectal secondaries. Surgery 110:13-29
6. Jamison RL, Donohue JH, Nagorney DM, et al. (1997) Hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer results in cure for some patients. Arch Surg 132:505-511
7. Nakamura S, Suzuki S, Konno H (1999) Resection of hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma: 20 years' experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 6:16-22
8. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, et al. (1999) Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg 230:309-321
9. Harmon KE, Ryan JA, Biehl TR, et al. (1999) Benefits and safety of hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Am J Surg 177:402-404
10. Minagawa M, Makuuchi M, Torzilli G, et al. (2000) Extension of the frontiers of surgical indications in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 231:487-499
11. Nagakura S, Shirai Y, Yokoyama N, et al. (2003) Major hepatic resection reduces the probability of intrahepatic recurrences following resection of colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Hepatogastroenterology 50:779-783
12. Tanaka K, Shimada H, Ohta M, et al. (2004) Procedures of choice for resection of primary and recurrent liver metastases from colorectal cancer. World J Surg 28:482-487
13. D'Angelica M, Brennan MF, Fortner JG, et al. (1997) Ninety-six 5-year survivors after liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Am Coll Surg 185:554-559
14. Taylor B, Langer B, Falk RE, et al. (1983) Role of resection in the management of metastases to the liver. Can J Surg 26:215-217
15. August DA, Sugarbaker PH, Ottow RT, et al. (1985) Hepatic resection of colorectal metastases. Influence of clinical factors and adjuvant intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil via Tenckhoff catheter on survival. Ann Surg 200:210-218
16. Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, Gordon RD, et al. (1986) Liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Surgery 100:804-810
17. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE (1988) Personal experience with 411 hepatic resections. Ann Surg 208:421-434
18. Cole DJ, Ferguson CM (1992) Complications of hepatic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastasis. Am Surg 58:88-91
19. Gayowski T, Iwatsuki S, Madariaga JR, et al. (1994) Experience in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of clinical and pathologic risk factors. Surgery 116:703-711
20. Taylor M, Forster J, Langer B, et al. (1997) A study of prognostic factors for hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Am J Surg 173:467-471
21. Nakajima Y, Nagao M, Ko S, et al. (2001) Clinical predictors of recurrence site after hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 48:1680-1684
22. Jaeck D, Nakano H, Bachellier P, et al. (2002) Significance of hepatic pedicle lymph node involvement in patients with colorectal liver metastases: a prospective study. Ann Surg Oncol 9:430-438
23. de Santibanes E, Lassalle FB, McCormack L, et al. (2002) Simultaneous colorectal and hepatic resections for colorectal cancer: postoperative and longterm outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 195:196-202
24. Chua HK, Sondenaa K, Tsiotos GG, et al. (2004) Concurrent vs staged colectomy and hepatectomy for primary colorectal cancer with synchronous hepatic metastases. Dis Colon Rectum 47:1310-1316
25. Shimada H, Tanaka K, Masui H, et al. (2004) Results of surgical treatment for multiple (≥5 nodules) bi-lobar hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389:114-121
26. Adson MA, Van Heerden AV (1980) Major hepatic resections for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 191:576-583
27. Adson MA, van Heerden JA, Adson MH, et al. (1984) Resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Arch Surg 119:647-651
28. Smith JW, Fortner JG, Burt M (1992) Resection of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol 1:399-404
29. Nagakura S, Shirai Y, Yamato Y, et al. (2001) Simultaneous detection of colorectal carcinoma liver and lung metastases does not warrant resection. J Am Coll Surg 193:153-160
30. Bellon N, Pignon JP, Pocard M, et al. (2003) Extrahepatic disease does not contraindicate hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 90:567-574
31. Elias D, Sideris L, Pocard M, et al. (2004) Results of R0 resection for colorectal liver metastases associated with extrahepatic disease. Ann Surg Oncol 11:274-280
32. Ferrero A, Polastri R, Muratore A, et al. (2004) Extensive resections for colorectal liver metastases. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 11:92-96
33. Yoshidome H, Kimura F, Ambiru S, et al. (2004) Surgical treatment for extrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. Hepatogastroenterology 51:1805-1809
34. Ekberk H, Tranberg KG, Andersson R, et al. (1986) Determinants of survival in liver resection for colorectal secondaries. Br J Surg 73:727-731
35. Ekberk H, Tranberg KG, Andersson R, et al. (1987) Pattern of recurrence in liver resection for colorectal secondaries. World J Surg 11:541-547
36. Yasui K, Hirai T, Kato T, et al. (1995) Major anatomical hepatic resection with regional lymph node dissection for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2:103-107
37. Yasui K, Hirai T, Kato T, et al. (1997) A new macroscopic classification predicts prognosis for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 226:582-586
38. Ambiru S, Miyazaki M, Isono T, et al. (1999) Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases: analysis of prognostic factors. Dis Colon Rectum 42:632-639
39. Elcolani G, Grazi GL, Ravaioli M, et al. (2004) The role of lymphadenectomy for liver tumors. Further considerations on the appropriateness of treatment strategy. Ann Surg 239:202-209
40. Laurent C, Cunha AS, Rullier E, et al. (2004) Impact of microscopic hepatic lymph node involvement on survival after resection of colorectal liver metastasis. J Am Coll Surg 198:884-891
41. Hughes KS, Simon R, Songhorabodi S, et al. (1988) Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases. A multi-institutional study of indications for resection. Surgery 103:278-288
42. Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F, et al. (1996) Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorecal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Am Surg 224:509-520
43. Tomas-de la Vega JE, Donahue EJ, Doolas A, et al. (1984) A 10-year experience with hepatic resection. Surg Gynecol Obstet 159:223-228
44. Nordlinger B, Valiant J, Guiguet M, et al. (1994) Survival benefit of repeat liver resections for recurrent colorectal metastases: 143 cases. J Clin Oncol 12:1491-1496
45. Adam R, Bismuth H, Castaing D, et al. (1997) Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 225:51-60
46. Huguet C, Bona S, Nordlinger B, et al. (1990) Repeat hepatic resection for primary and metastatic carcinoma of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 171:398-402
47. Griffith KD, Sugarbaker PH, Chang AE (1990) Repeat hepatic resections for colorectal metastases. Surgery 107:101-104
48. Fong Y, Blumgart LH, Cohen A, et al. (1994) Repeat hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 220:657-662
49. Pinson CW, Wright JK, Chapman WC, et al. (1996) Repeat hepatic surgery for colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. Ann Surg 223:765-773
50. Di Carlo V, De Nardi P, Ferrari G, et al. (1997) Repeated hepatectomy for colorectal metastasis. Ann Ital Chir 68:775-780
51. Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al. (2004) Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg 240:644-657
52. Chu QD, Vezeridis MP, Avradopoulos KA, et al. (1997) Repeat hepatic resection for recurrent colorectal cancer. World J Surg 21:292-296
53. Elias D, Lasser P, Hoang JM, et al. (1993) Repeat hepatectomy for cancer. Br J Surg 80:1557-1562
54. Elias D, Cavalcanti A, Sabourin J, et al. (1998) Results of 136 curative hepatectomies with a safety margin of less than 10 mm for colorectal metastases. J Surg Oncol 69:88-93
55. Ohlsson B, Stenram U, Tranberg KG (1998) Resection of colorectal liver metastases: 25-year experience. World J Surg 22: 268-277
56. Yamamoto J, Shimada K, Kosuge T, et al. (1999) Factors influencing survival of patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 86:332-337
57. Sugarbaker PH (1999) Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 6:30-38
58. Aramaki M, Kawano K, Kai T, et al. (2000) Postoperative complications of repeat hepatectomy for liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 47:478-480
59. Muratore A, Polastri R, Bouzari H, et al. (2001) Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: a worthwhile operation? J Surg Oncol 76:127-132
60. Suzuki S, Sakaguchi T, Yokoi Y, et al. (2001) Impact of repeat hepatectomy on recurrent colorectal liver metastases. Surgery 129:421-428
61. Yamada H, Katoh H, Kondo S, et al. (2001) Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 48:828-830
62. Nagakura S, Shirai Y, Suda T, et al. (2002) Multiple repeat resections of intra- and extrahepatic recurrences in patients undergoing initial hepatectomy for colorectal carcinoma metastases. World J Surg 26:141-147
63. Petrowsky H, Gonen M, Jarnagin W, et al. (2002) Second liver resections are safe and effective treatment for recurrent hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: a bi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg 235:863-871
64. Takahashi S, Inoue K, Konishi M, et al. (2003) Prognostic factors for poor survival after repeat hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Surgery 133:627-634
65. Penna C, Nordlinger B (2002) Colorectal metastasis (liver and lung). Surg Clin N Am 82:1075-1090
66. Bakalakos EA, Young DC, Martin EW Jr (1998) Radioimmunoguided surgery for patients with liver metastases secondary to colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 5:590-594
67. Bakalakos EA, Kim JA, Young DC, et al. (1998) Determinants of survival following hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Surg 22:399-405
68. Beckhurts KTE, Hoelscher AH, Bollschweiler E, et al. (1997) Significance of lymph node involvement at the hepatic hilum in the resection of colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 84:1081-1084
69. Belli G, D'Agostino A, Ciciliano F, et al. (2002) Liver resection for hepatic metastases: 15 years of experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 9:607-613
70. Bolton JS, Fuhrman GM (2000) Survival after resection of multiple bilobar hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 231:743-751
71. Cady B, Jenkins RL, Steele GD, et al. (1998) Surgical margin in hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: a critical and improvable determinant of outcome. Ann Surg 227:566-571
72. Cavallari A, Vivarelli M, Bellisci R, et al. (2003) Liver metastases from colorectal cancer: present surgical approach. Hepatogastroenterology 50:2067-2071
73. Chan ACW, Blumgart LH, Wuest DL, et al. (1998) Use of preoperative autologous blood donation in liver resections for colorectal metastases. Am J Surg 175:461-465
74. Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF, et al. (2002) Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 235:759-766
75. DeMatteo RP, Palese C, Jarnagin WR, et al. (2000) Anatomic segmental hepatic resection is superior to wedge resection as an oncologic operation for colorectal liver metastases. J Gastrointest Surg 4:178-184
76. Doci R, Gennari L, Bignami P, et al. (1991) One hundred patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer treated by resection: analysis of prognostic determinants. Br J Surg 78:797-801
77. Doci R, Gennari L, Bignami P, et al. (1995) Morbidity and mortality after hepatic resection of metastases from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 82:377-381
78. Elias D, Cavalcanti A, Sabourin JC, et al. (1998) Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: the real impact of the surgical margin. Eur J Surg Oncol 24:174-179
79. Fernandez FG, Drebin JA, Linehan DC, et al. (2004) Five-year survival after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in patients screened by positron emission tomography with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET). Ann Surg 240:438-450
80. Fong Y, Cohen AM, Fortner JG, et al. (1997) Liver resection for colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 15:938-946
81. Fortner JG (1988) Recurrence of colorectal cancer after hepatic resection. Am J Surg 155:378-382
82. Fortner JG, Silva JS, Golbey RB, et al. (1984) Multivariate analysis of a personal series of 247 consecutive patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. I. Treatment by hepatic resection. Ann Surg 199:306-316
83. Fregiz G, Bezzi M, De Angelis R, et al. (1991) Hepatic resections for colorectal metastases: the Italian multicenter experience. J Surg Oncol Suppl 2:144-154
84. Fuhrman GM, Curley SA, Hohn DC, et al. (1995) Improved survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2:537-541
85. Imamura H, Seyama Y, Kokudo N, et al. (2004) Single and multiple resections of multiple heaptic metastases of colorectal origin. Surgery 135:508-517
86. Jaeck D, Bachellier P, Guiguet M, et al. (1997) Long-term survival following resection of colorectal heaptic metastases. Br J Surg 84:977-980
87. Jatzko GR, Lisborg PH, Stettner HM, et al. (1995) Hepatic resection for metastases from colorectal carcinoma - a survival analysis. Eur J Cancer 31A:41-46
88. Jenkins LT, Millikan KW, Bines SD, et al. (1997) Hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Am Surgeon 63:605-610
89. Jourdan JL, Cannan R, Stubbs R (1999) Hepatic resection for metastases in colorectal carcinoma. N Z Med J 112:91-93
90. Kato T, Yasui K, Hirai T, et al. (2003) Therapeutic reults for hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer with special reference to effectiveness of hepatectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 46:522-531
91. Kokudo N, Tada K, Seki M, et al. (2001) Anatomical major resection versus nonanatomical limited resection for liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Am J Surg 181:153-159
92. Lise M, Da Pian PP, Nitti D, et al. (1991) Colorectal metastases to the liver: present results and future strategies. J Surg Oncol Suppl 2:69-73
93. Lorenz M, Muller HH, Gassel HJ, et al. (1998) Randomized trial of surgery versus surgery followed by adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 228:756-762
94. Martin RC, Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, et al. (2003) The use of fresh frozen plasma after major hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: is there a standard for transfusion? J Am Coll Surg 196: 402-409
95. Nadig DE, Wade TP, Fairchild RB, et al. (1997) Major hepatic resection. Indications and results in a national hospital system from 1988 to 1992. Arch Surg 132:115-119
96. Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Giovannini I, et al. (1997) Resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 44:751-759
97. Pedersen IK, Burcharth F, Roikjaer O, et al. (1994) Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Indications and results. Dis Colon Rectum 37:1078-1082
98. Petrelli N, Gupta B, Piedmonte M, et al. (1991) Morbidity and survival of liver resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 34:899-904
99. Rees M, Plant R, Bygrave S (1997) Late results justify resection for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 84:1136-1140
100. Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Taswell HF, et al. (1992) Perioperative blood transfusion and determinants of survival after liver resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 216:493-505
101. Sasaki A, Aramaki M, Kawano K, et al. (2002) Prognostic significance of intrahepatic lymphatic invasion in patients with hepatic resection due to metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 95:105-111
102. Scheele J, Stang R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, et al. (1995) Resection of colorectal liver metastases. World J Surg 19:59-71
103. Scheele J, Stangle R, Altendorf-Hofmann A (1990) Hpeatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma: impact of surgical resection on the natural history. Br J Surg 77:1241-1246
104. Schlag P, Hohenberger P, Herfarth C (1990) Resection of liver metastases in colorectal cancer - competitive analysis of treatment results in synchronous versus metachronous metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 16:360-365
105. Seifert JK, Bottger TC, Weigel TF, et al. (2000) Prognostic factors following liver resection for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 47:239-246
106. Steele G, Bleday R, Mayer RJ, et al. (1991) A prospective evaluation of heaptic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver: Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group Protocol 6584. J Clin Oncol 9:1105-1112
107. Stewart GD, O'Suilleabhain CB, Madhavan KK, et al. (2004) The extent of resection influences outcome following hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 30:370-376
108. Sugawara Y, Yamamoto J, Yamasaki S, et al. (2001) Estimating the prognosis of hepatic resection in patients with metastatic liver tumors from colorectal cancer with special concern for the timing of hepatectomy. Surgery 129:408-413
109. Sugihara K, Hojo K, Moriya Y, et al. (1993) Pattern of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 80: 1032-1035
110. Ueno H, Mochizuki H, Hatsuse K, et al. (2000) Indications for treatment strategies of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 231:59-66
111. van Ooijen B, Wiggers T, Meijer S, et al. (1992) Hepatic resections for colorectal metastases in The Netherlands. A multiinstitutional 10-year study. Cancer 70:28-34
112. Wanebo HJ, Chu QD, Vezeridis MP, et al. (1996) Patient selection for hepatic resection of colorectal metastases. Arch Surg 131:322-329
113. Wigmore SJ, Madhavan K, Currie EJ, et al. (1999) Does the subspecialty of the surgeon performing primary colonic resection influence the outcome of patients with hepatic metastases referred for resection? Ann Surg 230:759-765
114. Zieren HU, Muller JM, Zieren J, et al. (1993) The impact of patient's age on surgical therapy of colorectal liver metastases. Int Surg 78:288-291
115. Wood CB, Gillis CR, Blumgart LH. (1976) A retrospective study of the natural history of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2:285-288
116. Bengtsson G, Carlsson G, Hafstroem L, et al. (1981) Natural history of patients with untreated liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Am J Surg 141:586-589
117. Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, Ky A, et al. (1999) Liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: assessing the risk of occult irresectable disease. J Am Coll Surg 188:33-42
118. Nordlinger B, Giuguet M, Vaillant JC, et al. (1996) Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. A prognostic scoring system to improve case selection, based on 1568 patients. Cancer 77:1254-1262
119. Hughes KS, Simon R, Songhorabodi S, et al. (1986) Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases: a multi-institutional study of patterns of recurrence. Surgery 100:278-284
120. Cady B, Monson DO, Swinton NW (1970) Survival of patients after colonie resection for carcinoma with simultaneous liver metastases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 131:697-700
121. Baden H, Andersen B (1975) Survival of patients with untreated liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 10:221-223
122. Adson MA (1979) Hepatic resection. Dis Colon Rectum 22:366-369
123. Fegiz G, Ramacciato G, D'Angelo F, et al. (1991) Patient selection and factors affecting results following resection for hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Int Surg 76:58-63
124. Scheele J, Altendorf-Hofmann A (1999) Resection of colorectal liver metastases. Langenbecks Arch Surg 384:313-327
125. Hananel N, Garzon J, Gordon PH (1995) Hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. Am Surgeon 61:444-447
126. Sato T, Konishi K, Yabushita K, et al. (1998) The time interval between primary colorectal carcinoma resection to occurrence of liver metastases is the most important factor for hepatic resection. Analysis of total course following primary resection of colorectal cancer. Int Surg 83:340-342
127. Irie T, Itai Y, Hatsuse K, et al. (1999) Does resection of small liver metastases from colorectal cancer improve survival of patients? Br J Radiol 72:246-249
128. Dworkin MJ, Earlam S, Fordy C, et al. (1995) Importance of hepatic artery node involvement in patient with colorectal liver metastases. J Clin Pathol 48:270-272
129. Wang JY, Chiang JM, Jeng LB, et al. (1996) Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: are there any truly significant clinical prognosticators? Dis Colon Rectum 39:847-851
130. Fujita S, Akasu T, Moriya Y (2000) Resection of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 30:7-11
131. Weber JC, Nakano H, Bachellier P, et al. (2001) Is a proliferation index of cancer cells a reliable prognostic factor after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases? Am J Surg 182:81-88
132. Mala T, Bohler G, Mathisen O, et al. (2002) Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases: can preoperative scoring predict patient outcome? World J Surg 26:1348-1353
133. Yamada H, Katoh H, Kondo S, et al. (2002) Mesenteric lymph nodes status influencing survival and recurrence pattern after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Hepatogastroenterology 49:1265-1268
134. Wagner JS, Adson MA, Van Heerden JA, et al. (1984) The natural history of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. A comparison with resective treatment. Ann Surg 199:502-508
135. Hardy KJ, Fletcher DR, McL. Jones R. (1998) One hundred liver resections including comparison to non-resected liver-mobilized patients. Aust N Z J Surg 68:716-721
136. Heslin MJ, Medina-Franco H, Parker M, et al. (2001) Colorectal hepatic metastases: resection, local ablation, and hepatic artery infusion pump are associated with prolonged survival. Arch Surg 1136:318-323
137. Lind DS, Parker GA, Horsley JS 3rd, et al. (1992) Formal hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ploidy and prognosis. Ann Surg 215:677-683
138. Nakamura S, Yokoi Y, Suzuki S, et al. (1992) Results of extensive surgery for liver metastases in colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 79:35-38
139. Fernandez-Trigo V, Shamsa F, Sugarbaker PH (1995) Repeat liver resections from colorectal metastasis. Surgery 117:296-304
140. Tuttle TM, Curley SA, Roh MS (1997) Repeat hepatic resection as effective treatment of recurrent colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol: 4:125-130
141. Inaba Y, Arai Y, Kanematsu M, et al. (2000) Revealing hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: value of combined helical CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography with a unified CT and angiography system. Am J Roentgenol 174:955-961
142. Selzner M, Hany TF, Wildbrett P, et al. (2004) Does the novel PET/CT imaging modality impact on the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver? Ann Surg 240:1027-1036
143. Yamamoto J, Sugihara K, Kosuge T, et al. (1995) Pathologic support for limited hepatectomy in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 221:74-78
144. Shirabe K, Takenaka K, Gion T, et al. (1997) Analysis of prognostic risk factors in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma with special reference to surgical margin. Br J Surg 84:1077-1080
145. Nanko M, Shimada H, Yamaoka H, et al. (1998) Micrometastatic colorectal cancer lesions in the liver. Surg Today 28:707-713
146. Okano K, Yamamoto J, Moriya Y, et al. (1999) Macroscopic intrabiliary growth of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Surgery 126:829-834
147. Koike M, Yasui K, Torii A, et al. (2000) Prognostic significance of entrapped liver cells in hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 232:653-657
148. Kubo M, Sakamoto M, Fukushima N, et al. (2002) Less aggressive features of colorectal cancer with liver metastases showing macroscopic intrabiliary extension. Pathol Int 52:514-518
149. Tada K, Kokudo N, Seki M, et al. (2003) Hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis with microscopic tumor thrombus in the portal vein. World J Surg 27:299-303
150. Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, et al. (1999) Aggressive surgical resection for hepatic metastases involving the inferior vena cava. Am J Surg 177:294-298
151. Povoski SP, Klimstra DS, Brown KT, et al. (2000) Recognition of intrabiliary hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 11:383-390
152. Takamatsu S, Teramoto K, Kawamura T, et al. (2004) Liver metastasis from rectal cancer with prominent intrabile duct growth. Pathol Int 54:440-445
153. Coboum CS, Makowka L, Langer B, et al. (1987) Examination of patient selection and outcome for hepatic resection for metastatic disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 165:239-246
154. Gibbs JF, Weber TK, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, et al. (1998) Intraoperative determinants of unresectability for patients with colorectal hepatic metastases. Cancer 82:1244-1249
155. Elias D, Saric J, Jaeck D, et al. (1996) Prospective study of microscopic lymph node involvement of the hepatic pedical during curative hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 83:942-945
156. Kokudo N, Sato T, Seki M, et al. (1999) Hepatic lymph node involvement in resected cases of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 42:1285-1290
157. Imamura H, Kawasaki S, Miyagawa S, et al. (2000) Aggressive surgical approach to recurrent tumors after hepatectomy for metastatic spread of colorectal cancer to the liver. Surgery 127: 528-535
158. Weber SM, Jarnagin WR, DeMatteo RP, et al. (2000) Survival after resection of multiple hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 7:643-650
159. Hughes K, Scheele J, Sugarbaker PH (1989) Surgery for colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Optimizing the results of treatment. Surg Clin N Am 69:339-359