Genealogies and generations: The politics and praxis of third wave feminism

Women's History Review

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 165-182

  Gillis, Stacy ^a   Munford, Rebecca ^b  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18444406935     PISSN: 09612025     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09612020400200388     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Lynne Segal (1999) Why Feminism? Gender, Psychology, Politics, p. 205 (Cambridge: Polity Press)
2. Susan Faludi (1992) Backlash: the undeclared war against women, p. 14 (London: Vintage; first published 1991, New York: Doubleday)
3. Susan Bolotin (17 October 1982) Voices from the Post-Feminist Generation, New York Times Magazine, pp. 29-31, 103-116
4. Deborah L. Siegel (1997) Reading between the Waves: feminist historiography in a 'postfeminist' moment, in Heywood & Drake, Third Wave Agenda, p. 75
5. See Naomi Wolf (1993) Fire with Fire: the new female power and how it will change the twenty-first century (New York: Random House)
6. Katie Roiphe (1993) The Morning After: sex, fear, and feminism (Boston: Little, Brown)
7. Christina Hoff Sommers (1995) Who Stole Feminism? How Women have Betrayed Women (New York: Simon & Schuster)
8. and Camille Paglia (1992) Sex, Art and American Culture: essays (New York: Random House)
9. 'Never in history have women been freer than they are here. [This] bitching ... it's infantile, it's an adolescent condition, it's bad for women. It's very, very bad to convince young women that they have been victims and that their heritage is nothing but victimization' (Paglia, Sex, Art and American Culture, p. 274; emphasis in original)
10. Natasha Walter (1999) The New Feminism (London: Virago). The book was proclaimed as 'feminism as phoenix, and as blazing torch lighting the way to a new century' by Michele Roberts on the front cover
11. Segal, Why Feminism? p. 228
12. Heywood & Drake, Third Wave Agenda; Jacquelyn N. Zita (Ed.) (1997) Hypatia: Special Issue on 'Third Wave' Feminisms, 12(3)
13. Stacy Gillis & Rebecca Munford (Eds) (2003) Special Issue on Third Wave Feminism and Women's Studies of the Journal of International Women's Studies 4(2)
14. Rory Dicker & Alison Piepmeier (Eds) (2003) Catching a Wave: reclaiming feminism for the 21st century (Boston: Northeastern University Press)
15. Stacy Gillis, Gillian Howie & Rebecca Munford (Eds) (2004) Third Wave Feminism: a critical exploration (Basingstoke: Palgrave)
16. Ann Brooks (1997) Postfeminisms: feminism, cultural theory and cultural forms, p. 1 (London: Routledge)
17. Sarah Gamble (Ed.) (2001) The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism, p. 298 (London: Routledge; first published 1998, London: Icon)
18. Brooks, Postfeminisms, p. 4
19. Jennifer Baumgardner & Amy Richards (2000) Manifesto: young women, feminism, and the future, p. 15 (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux)
20. Leslie Heywood & Jennifer Drake (1997) Introduction, in Heywood & Drake, Third Wave Agenda, p. 4
21. Rebecca Walker (Ed.) To Be Real: telling the truth and changing the face of feminism, (New York: Anchor)
22. Natasha Walter (Ed.) On the Move: feminism for a new generation, (London: Virago)
23. Betty Friedan (1963) The Feminine Mystique (New York: W.W. Norton)
24. Germaine Greer (1970) The Female Eunuch (London: Paladin). [
25. Wolf, Fire with Fire, p. 125
26. Baumgardner & Richards, Manifesta, pp. 278-281
27. introduce pre-adolescent girls (aged between nine and fifteen) to feminist history and to offer them an alternative to 'the pink and frilly ideal' (Baumgardner & Richards, Manifesto, p. 185). In the USA, for example, there is a movement called Girls Speak Out which is led by second wave feminists who go into schools and run seminars for girls under the age of ten. This movement ignores young adult feminists - those same feminists whom Segal dismisses. It is this latter generation who identify as third wave feminists
28. For more on this see Rebecca Munford (2004) 'Wake Up and Smell the Lipgloss': gender, generation and the (a)politics of girl power, in Gillis et al, Third Wave Feminism, pp. 142-153
29. Heywood & Drake, 'Introduction', p. 4
30. Germaine Greer (2000) The Whole Woman, p. 399 (London: Anchor; first published 1999, London: Doubleday)
31. Rosalind Coward (1999) Sacred Cows: is feminism relevant to the new millennium? p. 22 (London: HarperCollins). The 'girl power' slogan had in fact been deployed several years previously by the Riot Grrrls
32. Kay Ebeling (19 November 1990) The Failure of Feminism, Newsweek, p. 9
33. See Eisa Davis (1995) Sexism and the Art of Feminist Hip-Hop Maintenance, in Walker, To Be Real, p. 130
34. For a more detailed account of early Riot Grrrl activities see Ednie Kaeh Garrison (2000) U.S. Feminism - Grrrl Style! Youth (Sub)Cultures and the Technologies of the Third Wave, Feminist Studies, 26(1), pp. 141-170
35. Melissa Klein (1997) Duality and Redefinition: young feminism and the alternative music community, in Heywood & Drake, Third Wave Agenda, p. 215
36. Marcelle Karp & Debbie Stoller (1999) The Birth of BUST, in Marcelle Karp & Debbie Stoller (Eds) The BUST Guide to the New Girl Order, pp. xiv-xv (London: Penguin)
37. So What are We Doing Here Anyway? www.bitchmagazine.com
38. Rebecca Walker (1995) Being Real: an introduction, in Walker, To Be Real, p. xxxiii
39. Heywood & Drake, 'Introduction', Third Wave Agenda, pp. 4-5
40. Courtney Love (1999) Bad Like Me, in Karp & Stoller, The BUST Guide to the New Girl Order, p. 313
41. Walter, «The New Feminism, p. 98
42. For more on the debates surrounding Madonna, see the essays in Carol Schwichtenberg (Ed.) (1993) The Madonna Connection: representational politics, subcultural identities, and cultural theory (Boulder: Westview)
43. Margaret Marshment (1997 2nd edn) Representations of Women in Contemporary Popular Culture, in Diane Richardson & Victoria Robinson (Eds) Introducing Women's Studies, p. 147 (Basingstoke: Palgrave)
44. For more on the pornography debates see Andrea Dworkin (1981) Pornography: men possessing women (London: Women's Press)
45. Susanne Kappeler (1986) The Pornography of Representation (Cambridge: Polity Press)
46. Pamela Church Gibson & Roma Gibson (Eds) (1993) Dirty Looks: women, pornography, power (London: BFI)
47. and Pamela Church Gibson (Ed.) (2004) More Dirty Looks: gender, pornography and power (London: BFI)
48. See Kathy Acker (3 May 1997) All Girls Together, Guardian Weekend, pp. 12-19
49. Marcelle Karp (1999) Herstory: girl on girls, in Karp & Stoller, The BUST Guide to the New Girl Order, p. 309 (London: Penguin)
50. Greer, The Whole Woman, p. 407
51. Jennifer L. Pozner (1998) 'Makes Me Wanna Grrrowl', Feministal, 2(1), www.feminista.com/v2nl/pozner.html
52. For more on this see Shelley Budgeon (1998) I'll Tell You What I Really, Really Want: girl power and self-identity in Britain, in Sherrie A. Inness (Ed.) Millennium Girls: today's girls around the world, pp. 115-143 (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield)
53. Katherine Viner (1999) The Personal is Still Political, in Natasha Walter (Ed.) On the Move: feminism for a new generation, p. 22 (London: Virago)
54. Viner, 'The Personal is Still Political', p. 18
55. For more on this see Deborah Siegel (1997) The Legacy of the Personal: generating theory in feminism's third wave, Hypatia: Special Issue on 'Third Wave'Feminisms, 12(3), pp. 46-74
56. Faludi, Backlash, p. 15
57. Siegel, 'Reading between the Waves', p. 59
58. Misha Kavka (2001) Introduction, in Elisabeth Bronfen & Misha Kavka (Eds) Feminist Consequences: theory for the new century, p. xii (New York: Columbia University Press)
59. For an examination of race and third wave feminism, see Winifred Woodhull (2003) Global Feminisms, Transnational Political Economies, Third World Cultural Production, Journal of International Women's Studies, 4(2) and the 'Challenges' section in Gillis et al, Third Wave Feminism
60. Rory Dicker & Alison Piepmeier (2003) Introduction, in Dicker & Piepmeier, Catching a Wave, p. 9