Possible explanation to a low CMB quadrupole

Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

Volumn 71, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 1-4

  Piao, Yun Song ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COSMIC RADIATION; KINETICS; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MICROWAVE RADIATION; NUCLEAR PHYSICS; POWER SPECTRUM; VACUUM;

EID: 18444400218     PISSN: 15507998     EISSN: 15502368     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.087301     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. C. L. Bennett et al., Astrophys. J. 464, L1 (1996).
2. Y. P. Jing and L. Z. Fang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1882 (1994).
3. C. L. Bennett et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 148, 1 (2003).
4. D. N. Spergel et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 148 175 (2003).
5. S. L. Bridle, A. M. Lewis, J. Weller, and G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 342, L72 (2003).
6. C. R. Contaldi, M. Peloso, L. Kofman, and A. Linde, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07 (2003) 002; J. M. Cline, P. Crotty, and J. Lesgourgues, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 09 (2003) 010.
7. C. R. Contaldi, M. Peloso, L. Kofman, and A. Linde, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07 (2003) 002; J. M. Cline, P. Crotty, and J. Lesgourgues, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 09 (2003) 010.
8. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
9. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
10. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
11. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
12. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
13. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
14. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
15. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
16. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
17. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
18. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
19. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
20. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
21. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
22. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
23. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
24. B. Feng and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 570, 145 (2003);M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 570, 151 (2003); G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346 L26 (2003); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 091 301 (2004); A. Oliveira-Costa, M. Tegmark, M. Zaldarriaga, and A. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. D 69 063516 (2004); S. Tsujikawa, R. Maartens, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B 574 141 (2003); Q. Huang and M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2003) 001.N. Kogo, M. Matsumiya, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Astrophys. J. 607, 32 (2004); Q. G. Huang and M. Li, astro-ph/0311378 [Nucl. Phys. B. (to be published)]; A. Shafieloo and T. Souradeep, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043523 (2004); C. Y. Chen, B. Feng, X. L. Wang, and Z. Y. Yang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21, 3223 (2004); M. Liguori, S. Matarrese, M. Musso, and A. Riotto, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08 (2004) 011; K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 221 302 (2004); C. Gordon and Wayne Hu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083003 (2004); M. Kawasaki, F. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 605, 223 (2005); P. Hunt and S. Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D 70 103518 (2004); N. Kogo, M. Sasaki, and J. Yokoyama, Phys. Rev. D 70 103001 (2004).
25. Y. S. Piao, B. Feng, and X. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 69, 103520 (2004).
26. Y. S. Piao, S. Tsujikawa, and X. Zhang, Classical Quantum Gravity 21 4455 (2004).
27. M. R. Douglas, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2003) 046.
28. S. Kachru, R. Kallosh, A. Linde, and S. P. Trivedi, Phys. Rev. D 68, 046005 (2003).
29. R. Bousso and J. Polchinski, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2000) 006; J. L. Feng, J. March-Russell, S. Sethi, and F. Wilczek, Nucl. Phys. B602, 307 (2001).
30. R. Bousso and J. Polchinski, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2000) 006; J. L. Feng, J. March-Russell, S. Sethi, and F. Wilczek, Nucl. Phys. B602, 307 (2001).
31. A. R. Frey, M. Lippert, and B. Williams, Phys. Rev. D 68, 046008 (2003).
32. L. Susskind, hep-th/0302219; B. Freivogel and L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D 70 126007 (2004).
33. S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2607 (1987); Phys. Rev. D 61, 103505 (2000).
34. S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2607 (1987); Phys. Rev. D 61, 103505 (2000).
35. H. Martel, P. Shapiro, and S. Weinberg, Astrophys. J. 492, 29 (1998).
36. Y. S. Piao, Phys. Rev. D 70, 101302 (2004).
37. Recently, the cyclic model has been proposed as a radical alternative to inflation scenario; see J. Khoury, B.A. Ovrut, P. J. Steinhardt, and N. Turok, Phys. Rev. D 64, 123522 (2001); P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, Science 296, 1436 (2002); Phys. Rev. D 65, 126003 (2002); see also P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, astro-ph/0404480 for a recent review.
38. Recently, the cyclic model has been proposed as a radical alternative to inflation scenario; see J. Khoury, B.A. Ovrut, P. J. Steinhardt, and N. Turok, Phys. Rev. D 64, 123522 (2001); P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, Science 296, 1436 (2002); Phys. Rev. D 65, 126003 (2002); see also P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, astro-ph/0404480 for a recent review.
39. Recently, the cyclic model has been proposed as a radical alternative to inflation scenario; see J. Khoury, B.A. Ovrut, P. J. Steinhardt, and N. Turok, Phys. Rev. D 64, 123522 (2001); P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, Science 296, 1436 (2002); Phys. Rev. D 65, 126003 (2002); see also P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, astro-ph/0404480 for a recent review.
40. G. Felder, A. Frolov, L. Kofman, and A. Linde, Phys. Rev. D 66, 023507 (2002).
41. Y. Shtanov and V. Sahni, Phys. Lett. B 557, 1 (2003).
42. Y. S. Piao and Y. Z. Zhang, gr-qc/0407027.
43. L. Kofman, A. Linde, and A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 3195 (1994); L. Kofman, A. D. Linde, and A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Rev. D 56, 3258 (1997).
44. L. Kofman, A. Linde, and A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 3195 (1994); L. Kofman, A. D. Linde, and A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Rev. D 56, 3258 (1997).
45. V. F. Mukhanov, JETP Lett. 41, 493 (1985); Sov. Phys. JETP 67, 1297 (1988).
46. V. F. Mukhanov, JETP Lett. 41, 493 (1985); Sov. Phys. JETP 67, 1297 (1988).
47. J. M. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. D 22, 1882 (1980).
48. H. Kodama and M. Sasaki, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 78, 1 (1984).
49. V. F. Mukhanov, H.A. Feldman, and R. H. Brandenberger, Phys. Rep. 215, 203 (1992).
50. C. Cartier, R. Durrer, and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rev. D 67, 103517 (2003).
51. See C. Cartier, J.C. Hwang, and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rev. D 64, 103504 (2001); S. Tsujikawa, R. Brandenberger, and F. Finelli, Phys. Rev. D 66, 083513 (2002).
52. See C. Cartier, J.C. Hwang, and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rev. D 64, 103504 (2001); S. Tsujikawa, R. Brandenberger, and F. Finelli, Phys. Rev. D 66, 083513 (2002).
53. M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, Astropart. Phys. 1, 317 (1993); Astropart. Phys. 1, 317 (1993); for a review see G. Veneziano, hep-th/0002094; J. E. Lidsey, D. Wands, and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rep. 337, 343 (2000); M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, hep-th/0207130.
54. M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, Astropart. Phys. 1, 317 (1993); Astropart. Phys. 1, 317 (1993); for a review see G. Veneziano, hep-th/0002094; J. E. Lidsey, D. Wands, and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rep. 337, 343 (2000); M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, hep-th/0207130.
55. M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, Astropart. Phys. 1, 317 (1993); Astropart. Phys. 1, 317 (1993); for a review see G. Veneziano, hep-th/0002094; J. E. Lidsey, D. Wands, and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rep. 337, 343 (2000); M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, hep-th/0207130.
56. Y. S. Piao, gr-qc/0502006.