Facing the perils of presidentialism?

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 102-116

  Fukuyama, Francis ^a   Dressel, Björn ^a   Chang, Boo Seung ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18444362134     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2005.0026     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Juan J. Linz, "The Perils of Presidentialism," Journal of Democracy 1 (Winter 1990): 51-69.
2. nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996);
3. Matthew S. Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992);
4. Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart, Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
5. Carl H. Landé, "The Return of 'People Power' in the Philippines," Journal of Democracy 12 (April 2001): 88-102.
6. The decision, while unanimous, reveals some of the legal problems surrounding Estrada's fall from power. Three justices held it to be a case of resignation, three accepted Macapagal-Arroyo's presidency as an irreversible fact, two ruled Estrada permanently disabled, and the largest group - five - simply signed the ruling without expressing any opinion.
7. Yvonne T. Chua and Sheila S. Coronel, eds., The PCIJ Guide to Government (Manila: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, 2003).
8. Alexander R. Magno, "Philippines: Trauma of a Failed Presidency," Southeast Asian Affairs (May 2001): 251-63.
9. Steven Rogers, "Philippine Politics and the Rule of Law," Journal of Democracy 15 (October 2004): 111-25.
10. See Robert W. Hefner, Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000);
11. Greg Fealy, "Islamic Politics: A Rising or Declining Force?" revised version of a paper presented at a conference on "Rethinking Indonesia," Melbourne, Australia, 4-5 March 2000;
12. R. William Liddle, "The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation," Journal of Asian Studies 55 (August 1996): 613-34;
13. and Martin van Bruinessen, "Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia," Southeast Asia Research 10 (July 2002): 117-54.
14. R. William Liddle, "Indonesia in 2000: A Shaky Start for Democracy," Asian Survey 41 (January-February 2001): 208-20.
15. Various survey results show that anti-Americanism is one of the most important sources of the recent political polarization in South Korea. See Sook Jong Lee, The Transformation of South Korean Politics: Implications for U.S.-Korea Relations (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2004).
16. For a brief review of Andrew Johnson's impeachment, see John Bowman, History of the American Presidency (North Dighton, Mass.: World Publications, 2002), 78.
17. Roh's controversial 24 February 2004 remark, made during a televised discussion program, was as follows: "I expect that people will overwhelmingly support [the Uri Party] in the general election in April."
18. On 3 March 2004, the NEC found that Roh's 24 February 2004 remark violated a provision of Korean electoral law which requires that all public employees except national and local assemblymen remain neutral in election campaigns. The Commission sent Roh a letter urging him to abide by his legal duty of neutrality. Officials in the president's office (not Roh himself) objected, citing the open and active electioneering typical of U.S. presidents.
19. Strong party discipline is of course not always a liability; in many developing countries its absence makes it difficult for presidents to pass unpopular agendas.