Age dependence of organophosphate and carbamate neurotoxicity in the postnatal rat: Extrapolation to the human

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Volumn 196, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 287-302

  Vidair, Charles A ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbamate; Neurodevelopment; Neurotoxicity; Organophosphate

Indexed keywords

ACEPHATE; ALDICARB; CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DEXAMETHASONE; DIALIFOS; FAMPHUR; ISOTRETINOIN; LEPTOPHOS; MALATHION; METHAMIDOPHOS; METHYLMERCURY; NICOTINE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; PARATHION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; THALIDOMIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AGE; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; HEARING; HUMAN; MYELINATION; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; SYNAPTOGENESIS; TASTE; TOXICOKINETICS; VISUAL SYSTEM;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; CARBAMATES; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INSECTICIDES; MODELS, ANIMAL; NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; RATS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 1842815721     PISSN: 0041008X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.016     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Abraham H., Tornoczky T., Kosztolanyi G., Seress L. Cell formation in the cortical layers of the developing human cerebellum. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 19:2001;53-62.
2. Altman J., Bayer S. Development of the Human Spinal Cord. 2001;Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
3. Atterberry T., Burnett W., Chambers J. Age-related differences in parathion and chlorpyrifos toxicity in male rats: target and nontarget esterase sensitivity and cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 147:1997;411-418.
4. Augustinsson K., Barr M. Age variation in plasma arylesterase activity in children. Clin. Chim. Acta. 8:1963;568-573.
5. Aznavour N., Mechawar N., Watkins K., Descarries L. Fine structural features of the acetylcholine innervation in the developing neostriatum of rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 460:2003;280-291.
6. Bai W., Meguro R., Kaiya T., Norita M. Postnatal development of the retinal projection to the nucleus of the optic tract and accessory optic nuclei in the hooded rat. Arch. Histol. Cytol. 64:2001;69-79.
7. Bayer S., Altman J., Russo R., Zhang X. Timetables of neurogenesis in the human brain based on experimentally determined patterns in the rat. Neurotoxicology. 14:1993;83-144.
8. Benes F. Corticolimbic circuitry and the development of psychopathology during childhood and adolescence. Krasnegor N., Lyon G., Goldman-Rakic P. Development of the Prefrontal Cortex. 1997;211-239 Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Baltimore.
9. Benke G., Murphy S. The influence of age on the toxicity and metabolism of methyl parathion and parathion in male and female rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 31:1975;254-269.
10. Beyrouty, P., 2002. A study of the effects of orally administered methyl parathion on cholinesterase levels in adult, juvenile and neonatal rats. California Department of Pesticide Regulation Website, www.cdpr.ca.gov.
11. Bouwmeester H., Smits K., Van Ree J. Neonatal development of projections to the basolateral amygdala from prefrontal and thalamic structures in rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:2002;241-255.
12. Boyes W. Rat and human sensory evoked potentials and the predictability of human neurotoxicity from rat data. Neurotoxicology. 15:1994;569-578.
13. Bradley R., Mistretta C. Development of taste. Meisami E., Timiras P. Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology. 1988;63-78 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
14. Brodeur J., DuBois K. Studies on factors influencing the acute toxicity of malathion and malaoxon in rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 45:1967;621-631.
15. Brown M., Keynes R., Lumsden A. The Developing Brain. 2001;Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
16. Burbacher T., Rodier P., Weiss B. Methylmercury developmental neurotoxicity: a comparison of effects in humans and animals. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12:1990;191-202.
17. Bushnell P., Pope C., Padilla S. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of acute chlorpyrifos in rats: tolerance to prolonged inhibition of cholinesterase. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 266:1993;1007-1017.
18. Buznikov G., Shmukler Y., Lauder J. Changes in the physiological roles of neurotransmitters during individual development. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 29:1999;11-21.
19. Chakraborti T., Farrar J., Pope C. Comparative neurochemical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated chlorpyrifos exposures in young and adult rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 46:1993;219-224.
20. Chopra J. Neurological consequences of protein and protein-calorie undernutrition. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 6(2):1991;99-117.
21. Clancy B., Darlington R., Finlay B. Translating developmental time across mammalian species. Neuroscience. 105:2001;7-17.
22. Claudio L., Kwa W., Russell A., Wallinga D. Testing methods for developmental neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 164:2000;1-14.
23. Cresteil T. Onset of xenobiotic metabolism in children: toxicological implications. Food Addit. Contam. 15:1998;45-51.
24. Cunningham M., Bhattacharyya S., Benes F. Amygdalo-cortical sprouting continues into early adulthood: implications for the development of normal and abnormal function during adolescence. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:2002;116-130.
25. Dam K., Seidler F., Slotkin T. Chlorpyrifos exposure during a critical neonatal period elicits gender-selective deficits in the development of coordination skills and locomotor activity. Dev. Brain Res. 121:2000;179-187.
26. Dorman D., Allen S., Byczkowski J.et al. Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment:III Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Environ. Health Perspect. 109:2001;101-111.
27. Desaiah D. Developmental toxicity of pesticides. Slikker W., Chang L. Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. 1998;559-565 Academic Press, San Diego.
28. Dobbing J. Undernutrition and the developing brain: the use of animal models to elucidate the human problem. Psychiat. Neurol., Neurochir. 74:1971;433-442.
29. Dobbing J. The developing brain. Nutr. Rep. Int. 7:1973;401-406.
30. Dobbing J. Vulnerable periods in brain growth and somatic growth. Roberts D., Thomson A. The Biology of Human Fetal Growth. 1976;137-147 Taylor and Francis LTD, London.
31. Duysen E., Li B., Xie W., Schopfer L., Anderson R., Broomfield C., Lockridge O. Evidence for nonacetylcholinesterase targets of organophosphorus nerve agent: supersensitivity of acetylcholinesterase knockout mouse to VX lethality. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 299:2001;528-535.
32. Ecobichon D. Toxic effects of pesticides. Klaassen C. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 5th ed. 1996;643-689 McGraw-Hill, New York.
33. Ecobichon D., Stephens D. Perinatal development of human blood esterases. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 14:1973;41-47.
34. Farel P. Sensory neuron addition in juvenile rat: time course and specificity. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:2002;158-165.
35. Flagel S., Vazquez D., Watson S., Neal C. Effects of tapering neonatal dexamethasone on rat growth, neurodevelopment, and stress response. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282:2002;R55-R63.
36. Funk K., Henderson J., Liu C., Higgins R., Wilson B. Neuropathology of organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in young chicks. Arch. Toxicol. 68:1994;308-316.
37. Gaines T., Linder R. Acute toxicity of pesticides in adult and weanling rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 7:1986;299-308.
38. Gow P., Ghabrial H., Smallwood R., Morgan D., Ching M. Neonatal hepatic drug elimination. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 88:2001;3-15.
39. Grisaru D., Sternfeld M., Eldor A., Glick D., Soreq H. Structural roles of acetylcholinesterase variants in biology and pathology. Eur. J. Biochem. 264:1999;672-686.
40. Harp P., Tanaka D., Pope C. Potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity following saligenin phosphate exposures in 2-, 5-, and 8-week-old chickens. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 37:1997;64-70.
41. Harry G., Toews A. Myelination, dysmyelination, and demyelination. Slikker W., Chang L. Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. 1998;87-115 Academic Press, San Diego.
42. Hendrickson A. Development of the primate retina. Meisami E., Timiras P. Handbook of Human Growth and Development. 1988;165-177 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
43. Hendrickx A., Peterson P. Neural crest cell migration. Slikker W., Chang L. Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. 1998;225-243 Academic Press, San Diego.
44. Hoar R. Embryology of the eye. Environ. Health Perspect. 44:1982;31-34.
45. Jacobson M. Developmental Neurobiology. 3rd ed. 1991;Plenum, New York.
46. Jerison H. Evolution of the prefrontal cortex. Krasnegor N., Lyon G., Goldman-Rakic P. Development of the Prefrontal Cortex. 1997;9-26 Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Baltimore.
47. Jett D. Central cholinergic neurobiology. Slikker W., Chang L. Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. 1998;257-274 Academic Press, San Diego.
48. Johnston M., Silverstein F. Development of neurotransmitters. Polin R., Fox W. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. 1998;1519-1525 W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
49. Juchau M., Chen H. Developmental enzymology and xenobiotic biotransformation. Slikker W., Chang L. Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. 1998;321-337 Academic Press, San Diego.
50. Karanth S., Pope C. Carboxylesterase and A-esterase activities during maturation and aging: relationship to the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and parathion in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 58:2000;282-289.
51. Karlsen R., Sterri S., Lyngaas S., Fonnum F. Reference values for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase activities in children, implications for organophosphate intoxication. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 41:1981;301-302.
52. Kewitz H., Pleul O., Mann E. Pre- and postnatal development and drug induced alterations of free and bound acetylcholine in rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 298:1977;149-155.
53. Kolb B., Whishaw I. Plasticity in the neocortex: mechanisms underlying recovery from early brain damage. Prog. Neurobiol. 32:1989;235-276.
54. Laterra J., Stewart P., Goldstein G. Development of the blood-brain barrier. Polin R., Fox W. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. vol. 2:1998;1531 W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia.
55. Li W., Matthews C., Disteche C., Costa L., Furlong C. Paraoxonase (Pon1) gene in mice: sequencing, chromosomal localization and developmental expression. Pharmacogenetics. 7:1997;137-144.
56. Liu K., Olivier J., Pope C. Comparative neurochemical effects of repeated methyl parathion or chlorpyrifos exposures in neonatal and adult rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 158:1999;186-196.
57. Lu F., Jessup D., Lavallee A. Toxicity of pesticides in young versus adult rats. Fund. Cosmet. Toxicol. 3:1965;591-596.
58. Maranghi F., Macri C., Ricciardi C., Stazi A., Mantovani A. Evaluation of the placenta: suggestions for a greater role in developmental toxicology. del Mazo J. Reproductive Toxicology. 1998;129-136 Plenum, New York.
59. Marin-Padilla M. Ontogenesis of the pyramidal cell of the mammalian neocortex and developmental cytoarchitectonics: a unifying theory. J. Comp. Neurol. 321:1992;223-240.
60. Mendoza C. Toxicity and effects of malathion on esterases of suckling albino rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 35:1976;229-238.
61. Molotchnikoff S., Itaya S. Functional development of the neonatal rat retinotectal pathway. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 72:1993;300-304.
62. Morgan E., Yan B., Greenway D., Parkinson A. Regulation of two rat liver microsomal carboxylesterase isozymes: species differences, tissue distribution, and the effects of age, sex, and xenobiotic treatment of rats. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 315:1994;513-526.
63. Mortensen S., Chanda S., Hooper M., Padilla S. Maturational differences in chlorpyrifos-oxonase activity may contribute to age-related sensitivity to chlorpyrifos. J. Biochem. Toxicol. 11:1996;279-287.
64. Mortensen S., Brimijoin S., Hooper M., Padilla S. Comparison of the in vitro sensitivity of rat acetylcholinesterase to chlorpyrifos-oxon: what do tissue IC50 values represent? Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 148:1998;46-49.
65. Mortensen S., Hooper M., Padilla S. Rat brain acetylcholinesterase activity: developmental profile and maturational sensitivity to carbamate and organophosphorus inhibitors. Toxicology. 125:1998;13-19.
66. Moser V. Comparison of aldicarb and methamidophos neurotoxicity at different ages in the rat: behavioral and biochemical parameters. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 157:1999;94-106.
67. Moser V. Dose-response and time-course of neurobehavioral changes following oral chlorpyrifos in rats of different ages. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 22:2000;713-723.
68. Moser V., Padilla S. Age- and gender-related differences in the time course of behavioral and biochemical effects produced by oral chlorpyrifos in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 149:1998;107-119.
69. Moser V., Chanda S., Mortensen S., Padilla S. Age- and gender-related differences in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in the rat reflect developmental profiles of esterase activities. Toxicol. Sci. 46:1998;211-222.
70. Mueller R., Hornung S., Furlong C., Anderson J., Giblett E., Motulsky A. Plasma paraoxonase polymorphism: a new enzyme assay, population, family, biochemical, and linkage studies. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 35:1983;393-408.
71. Murphy S., DuBois K. The influence of various factors on the enzymatic conversion of organic thiophosphates to anticholinesterase agents. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 124:1958;194-202.
72. Nau H. Species differences in pharmacokinetics and drug teratogenesis. Environ. Health Perspect. 70:1986;113-129.
73. 3H]norepinephrine release from rat cerebellum. J. Neurochem. 84:2003;952-959.
74. Padilla S., Buzzard J., Moser V. Comparison of the role of esterases in the differential age-related sensitivity to chlorpyrifos and methamidophos. Neurotoxicology. 21:2000;49-56.
75. Pope C., Chakraborti T. Dose-related inhibition of brain and plasma cholinesterase in neonatal and adult rats following sublethal organophosphate exposures. Toxicology. 73:1992;35-43.
76. Pope C., Liu K. Age-related differences in sensitivity to organophosphorus pesticides. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 4:1997;309-314.
77. Pope C., Chapman M., Tanaka D., Padilla S. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride alters sensitivity to organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity in developing animals. Neurotoxicology. 13:1992;355-364.
78. Provis J. Development of the primate retinal vasculature. Prog. Retinal Eye Res. 20:2001;799-821.
79. Pujol R., Uziel A. Auditory development: peripheral aspects. Meisami E., Timiras P. Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology. 1988;109-130 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
80. Purves D., Lichtman J. Principles of Neural Development. 1985;Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
81. Rice D., Barone S. Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models. Environ. Health Persp. 108:2000;511-533.
82. Rodier P. Developing brain as a target of toxicity. Environ. Health Perspect. 103:1995;73-76.
83. Schardein J. Animal/human concordance. Slikker W., Chang L. Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. 1998;687-708 Academic Press, San Diego.
84. Semba K. Development of central cholinergic neurons. Bjorklund A., Hokfelt T. Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 1992;33-62 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
85. Shibasaki H., Miyazaki M. Event-related potential studies in infants and children. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 9:1992;408-418.
86. Spear L. Neurobehavioral assessment during the early postnatal period. Nuerotoxicol. Teratol. 12:1990;489-495.
87. Stanton M., Freeman J. Eyeblink conditioning in the infant rat: an animal model of learning in developmental neurotoxicology. Environ. Health Perspect. 102:1994;131-139.
88. Stanton M., Spear L. Workshop on the qualitative and quantitative comparability of human and animal developmental neurotoxicity, work group I report: comparability of measures of developmental neurotoxicity in humans and laboratory animals. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12:1990;261-267.
89. Stanton M., Mundy W., Ward T., Dulchinos V., Barry C. Time-dependent effects of acute chlorpyrifos administration on spatial delayed alternation and cholinergic neurochemistry in weanling rats. Neurotoxicology. 15:1994;201-208.
90. Sterri S., Berge G., Fonnum F. Esterase activities and soman toxicity in developing rat. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 57:1985;136-140.
91. Stromland K., Pinazo-Duran M. Optic nerve hypoplasia: comparative effects in children and rats exposed to alcohol during pregnancy. Teratology. 50:1994;100-111.
92. Tilson H., Jacobson J., Rogan W. Polychlorinated biphenyls and the developing nervous system: cross-species comparisons. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12:1990;239-248.
93. Trask C., Kosofsky B. Developmental considerations of neurotoxic exposures. Neurol. Clin. 18:2000;541-562.
94. UNSW, 2002. University of New South Wales Website, Dept. of Anatomy: http://anatomy.med.unsw.edu.au/cbl/embryo/OtherEmb/Cstages.htm (accessed June 2002).
95. Veraksa A., Del Campo M., McGinnis W. Developmental patterning genes and their conserved functions: from model organisms to humans. Mol. Genet. Metab. 69:2000;85-100.
96. Vincent S., Pabreza L., Benes F. Postnatal maturation of GABA-immunoreactive neurons of rat medial prefrontal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 355:1995;81-92.
97. Whitney K., Seidler F., Slotkin T. Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: cellular mechanisms. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 134:1995;53-62.
98. Wiggins R. Myelination: a critical stage in development. Neurotoxicology. 7:1986;103-120.
99. Wu Y., Harp P., Yan X., Pope C. Nicotinic autoreceptor function in rat brain during maturation and aging: possible differential sensitivity to organophosphorous anticholinesterases. Chem. Biol. Int. 142:2003;255-268.
100. Zheng Q., Olivier K., Won Y., Pope C. Comparative cholinergic neurotoxicity of oral chlorpyrifos exposures in preweanling and adult rats. Toxicol. Sci. 55:2000;124-132.