The structure of the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 699-714

  Drobinski, Philippe ^a   Carlotti, Pierre ^b   Newsom, Rob K ^c,d   Banta, Robert M ^c   Foster, Ralph C ^e   Redelsperger, Jean Luc ^f  

^a INSTITUT PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE   (France)

^b Centre d E tudes des Tunnels   (France)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANEMOMETERS; DOPPLER EFFECT; FLOW PATTERNS; OPTICAL RADAR; PROBABILITY; REYNOLDS NUMBER; TURBULENCE;

SONIC ANEMOMETERS; SURFACE LAYERS;

ATMOSPHERICS;

ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY LAYER; TURBULENCE;

EID: 1842787303     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0699:TSOTNA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Adrian, R. J., C. D. Meinhart, and C. D. Tomkins, 2000: Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 422, 1-54.
2. Antonia, R. A., S. Rajagopalan, and A. J. Chambers, 1983: Conditional sampling of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 69-78.
3. Banta, R. M., R. K. Newsom, J. K. Lundquist, Y. L. Pichugina, R. L. Coulter, and L. Mahrt, 2002: Nocturnal low-level jet characteristics over Kansas during CASES-99. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 105, 221-252.
4. Bergström, H., and U. Högström, 1989: Turbulent exchanges above a pine forest. II. Organized structures. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 49, 231-263.
5. Brown, R. A., and R. C. Foster, 1994: On PBL models for general circulation models. Global Atmos. Ocean Syst., 2, 163-183.
6. Busch, N. E., 1973: The surface boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 4, 213-240.
7. Busch, N. E., and H. A. Panofsky, 1968: Recent spectra of atmospheric turbulence. Quart, J. Roy. Meteor, Soc., 94, 380-387.
8. Businger, J. A., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 181-189.
9. Carlotti, P., 2001: Distorted turbulence near rigid boundaries. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 185 pp.
10. Carlotti, P., 2002: Two point properties of atmospheric turbulence very close to the ground: Comparison of a high resolution LES with theoretical models. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 104, 381-410.
11. Chen, F., 1990: Turbulent characteristics over a rough natural surface. Part I: Turbulent structures. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 52, 151-175.
12. Davenport, A. G., 1961: The spectrum of horizontal gustiness near the ground in high winds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 87, 194-211.
13. Deardorff, J. W., 1972: Numerical investigation of neutral and unstable planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 91-115.
14. Drobinski, P. and R. C. Foster, 2003: On the origin of near-surface streaks in the neutrally-stratified planetary boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 108, 247-256.
15. Drobinski, P., R. A. Brown, P. H. Flamant, and J. Pelon, 1998: Evidence of organized large eddies by ground-based Doppler lidar, sonic anemometer and sodar. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 88, 343-361.
16. Drobinski, P., A. M. Dabas, and P. H. Flamant, 2000: Remote measurement of turbulent wind spectra by heterodyne Doppler lidar technique. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 2434-2451.
17. Drobinski, P., R. K. Newsom, R. M. Banta, P. Carlotti, R. C. Foster, P. Naveau, and J. M. Redelsperger, 2002: Turbulence in a shear-driven nocturnal surface layer during the CASES'99 experiment. Preprints, 15th Symp. on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Wageningen, Netherlands. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 273-276.
18. Durbin, P. A., 1993: A Reynolds stress model for near wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 23, 181-192.
19. Finnigan, J. J., 1979: Turbulence in a waving wheat. I. Mean statistics and honami. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 16, 181-211.
20. Foster, R. C., 1997: Structure and energetics of optimal Ekman layer perturbations. J. Fluid Mech., 333, 97-123.
21. Foster, R. C., and R. A. Brown, 1994: On large-scale PBL modelling: Surface wind and latent heat flux comparisons. Global Atmos. Ocean Syst., 2, 199-219.
22. Fuehrer, P. L., and C. A. Friehe, 1999: A physically-based turbulent velocity time series decomposition. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 90, 241-295.
23. Grant, A. L. M., 1986: Observations of boundary layer structure made during the 1981 KONTUR experiment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 825-841.
24. Grant, A. L. M., 1992: The structure of turbulence in the near-neutral atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 226-239.
25. Grant, H. L., 1958: The large eddies of turbulent motion. J. Fluid Mech., 4, 149-190.
26. Grund, C. J., R. M. Banta, J. L. George, J. N. Howell, M. J. Post, R. A. Richter, and A. M. Weickmann, 2001: High-resolution Doppler lidar for boundary layer and cloud research. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 376-393.
27. Högström, U., 1990: Analysis of turbulence structure in the surface layer with a modified similarity formulation for near neutral conditions. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1949-1972.
28. Högström, U., and H. Bergström, 1996: Organized turbulence structures in the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2452-2464.
29. Högström, U., J. C. R. Hunt, and A. S. Smedman, 2002: Theory and measurements for turbulence spectra and variances in the atmospheric neutral surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 103, 101-124.
30. Hommema, S. E., and R. J. Adrian, 2003: Packet structure of surface eddies in the atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 106, 35-60.
31. Hoxey, R. P., and P. J. Richards, 1992: Structure of the atmospheric boundary layer below 25m and implications to wind loading on low-rise buildings. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 41-44, 317-327.
32. Hunt, J. C. R., 1984: Turbulence structure in thermal convection and shear-free boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech., 138, 161-184.
33. Hunt, J. C. R., 2001: Dynamics and statistics of vortical eddies in turbulence. Turbulence Structure and Vortex Dynamics, J. C. R. Hunt and J. C. Vassilicos, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 192-243.
34. Hunt, J. C. R., and D. J. Carruthers, 1990: Rapid distortion theory and the 'problems' of turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 212, 497-532.
35. Hunt, J. C. R., and J. F. Morrison, 2000: Eddy structure in turbulent boundary layers. Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids, 19, 673-694.
36. Hunt, J. C. R., and P. Carlotti, 2001: Statistical structure at the wall of the high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer. Flow Turbul. Combust., 66, 453-475.
37. Kader, B. A., and A. M. Yaglom, 1989: Spectra and correlation functions of surface layer atmospheric turbulence in unstable thermal stratification. Turbulence and Coherent Structures, O. Métais and M. Lesieur, Eds., Kluwer, 387-411.
38. Kaimal, J. C., J. Borkowski, S. Panchev, D. T. Gjessing, and L. Hasse, 1969: Anisotropy of the fine structure. IBID, 4, 1369-1370.
39. Kaimal, J. C., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and O. R. Coté, 1972: Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 563-589.
40. Khalsa, S. J. S., and J. A. Businger, 1977: The drag coefficient as determined by the dissipation method and its relation to intermittent convection in the surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 12, 273-297.
41. Kikuchi, T., and O. Chiba, 1985: Step-like temperature fluctuations associated with inverted ramps in a stable surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 31, 51-63.
42. Kim, K. C., and R. J. Adrian, 1999: Very large-scale motion in the outer layer. Phys. Fluids, 11, 417-422.
43. Kim, S. W., and S. U. Park, 2003: Coherent structures near the surface in a strongly sheared convective boundary layer generated by large-eddy simulation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 106, 35-60.
44. Lauren, M. K., M. Menabde, A. W. Seed, and G. L. Austin, 1999: Characterisation and simulation of the multiscaling properties of the energy-containing scales of horizontal surface-layer winds. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 90, 21-46.
45. Lenschow, D. H., 1974: Model of the height variation of the turbulence kinetic energy budget in the unstable planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 465-474.
46. Lin, C. L., 2000: Local pressure-transport structure in a convective atmospheric boundary layer. Phys. Fluids, 12, 1112-1128.
47. Lin, C. L., J. C. McWilliams, C. H. Moeng, and P. P. Sullivan, 1996: Coherent structures in a neutrally-stratified planetary boundary layer. Phys. Fluids, 8, 2626-2639.
48. Lin, C. L., C. H. Moeng, P. P. Sullivan, and J. C. McWilliams, 1997: The effect of surface roughness on flow structures in a neutrally-stratified planetary boundary layer. Phys. Fluids. 9, 3235-3249.
49. Mahrt, L., and J. F. Howell, 1994: The influence of coherent structures and microfronts on scaling laws using global and local transforms. J. Fluid Mech., 260, 247-270.
50. Moeng, C. H., and P. P. Sullivan, 1994: A comparison of shear- and buoyancy-driven planetary boundary layer flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 999-1022.
51. Mulhearn, P. J., and J. J. Finnigan, 1978: Turbulent flow over a very rough, random surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 15, 109-132.
52. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere near the ground. Tr. Akad. Nauk., SSSR Geophys. Inst., 24, 1963-1987.
53. Newsom, R. K., and R. M. Banta, 2003: Shear-flow instability in the stable nocturnal boundary layer as observed by Doppler lidar during CASES-99, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 16-33.
54. Nicholls, S., and C. J. Readings, 1979: Aircraft observations of the structure of the lower boundary layer over the sea. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 785-802.
55. Panofsky, H. A., 1974: The atmospheric boundary layer below 150 meters. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 6, 147-177.
56. Perry, A. E., S. Henbest, and M. S. Chong, 1986: A theoretical and experimental study of wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 165, 163-179.
57. Poulos, G. S., and Coauthors, 2002: CASES-99: A comprehensive investigation of the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 555-581.
58. Raupach, M., R. Antonia, and S. Rajagopalan, 1991: Rough-wall turbulent boundary layers. Appl. Mech. Rev., 44, 1-25.
59. Redelsperger, J. L., F. Mahé, and P. Carlotti, 2001: A simple and general subgrid model suitable both for surface layer and free-stream turbulence. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 101, 375-408.
60. Richards, P. J., S. Fong, and R. P. Hoxey, 1997: Anisotropic turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 69-71, 903-913.
61. Richards, P. J., S. Fong, R. F. Hoxey, and J. L. Short, 1999: Spectral models of the atmospheric surface layer. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Wind Engineering, Copenhagen, Denmark.
62. Shaw, W. J., and J. A. Businger, 1985: Intermittency and the organization of turbulence in the near-neutral marine atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2563-2584.
63. Sitaraman, V., 1970: Spectra and cospectra of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 744-749.
64. Tchen, C. M., 1953: On the spectrum of energy in turbulent shear flow. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 50, 51-62.
65. Townsend, A. A., 1976: The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flows. 2d. ed. Cambridge University Press, 429 pp.
66. Weckwerth, T. M., C. J. Grund, and S. D. Mayor, 1997: Linearly-organized coherent structures in the surface layer. Preprints, 12th Symp. on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 22-23.
67. Wilczak, J. M., and J. E. Tillman, 1980: The three-dimensional structure of convection in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2424-2443.
68. Yaglom, A. M., 1991: Similarity laws for wall turbulence flows. New Approaches and Concepts in Turbulence, T. Dracos and A. Tsinober, Eds., Birkhäuser, 7-27.