메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue SPEC. ISS., 2004, Pages 1-76

Feasibility of wolf reintroduction to Olympic Peninsula, Washington

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANID; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FEASIBILITY STUDY; POPULATION MODELING; PREY AVAILABILITY; REINTRODUCTION;

EID: 1842715850     PISSN: 0029344X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (10)

References (433)
  • 2
    • 0002784288 scopus 로고
    • Migration
    • J. W. Thomas, and D. E. Toweill (editors), Stackpole Books. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    • Adams, A. W. 1982. Migration. Pages 301-321 In J. W. Thomas, and D. E. Toweill (editors), Elk of North America: Ecology and Management. Stackpole Books. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
    • (1982) Elk of North America: Ecology and Management , pp. 301-321
    • Adams, A.W.1
  • 4
    • 0002321106 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of livestock guarding dogs for reducing predation on domestic sheep
    • Andelt, W. F. 1992. Effectiveness of livestock guarding dogs for reducing predation on domestic sheep. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20:55-62.
    • (1992) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.20 , pp. 55-62
    • Andelt, W.F.1
  • 5
    • 0043122099 scopus 로고
    • Nootkans of Vancouver Island
    • W. Suttles (editor), Smithsonian Institution. Washington D.C.
    • Arima, E., and J. Dewhirst. 1990. Nootkans of Vancouver Island. Pages 391-411 In W. Suttles (editor), Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution. Washington D.C.
    • (1990) Handbook of North American Indians , pp. 391-411
    • Arima, E.1    Dewhirst, J.2
  • 6
    • 0003027987 scopus 로고
    • Coyote control: The public response
    • Arthur, L. M. 1981. Coyote control: the public response. Journal of Range Management 34:14-15.
    • (1981) Journal of Range Management , vol.34 , pp. 14-15
    • Arthur, L.M.1
  • 7
  • 8
    • 0000849992 scopus 로고
    • A role for molecular genetics in the recognition and conservation of endangered species
    • Avise, J. C. 1989. A role for molecular genetics in the recognition and conservation of endangered species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:279-281.
    • (1989) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.4 , pp. 279-281
    • Avise, J.C.1
  • 9
    • 1842699210 scopus 로고
    • Wolf conservation: The importance of following endangered species recovery plans
    • Bader, H. R. 1989. Wolf conservation: the importance of following endangered species recovery plans. Harvard Environmental Law Review 13:517-533.
    • (1989) Harvard Environmental Law Review , vol.13 , pp. 517-533
    • Bader, H.R.1
  • 12
    • 0002886703 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy, precision and performance of satellite telemetry for monitoring wolf movements
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Ballard, W. B., D. J. Reed, S. G. Fancy, and P. R. Krausman. 1995. Accuracy, precision and performance of satellite telemetry for monitoring wolf movements. Pages 461-467 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 461-467
    • Ballard, W.B.1    Reed, D.J.2    Fancy, S.G.3    Krausman, P.R.4
  • 13
    • 0001018668 scopus 로고
    • Management of predator populations with antifertility agents
    • Balser, D. S. 1964. Management of predator populations with antifertility agents. Journal of Wildlife Management 28:352-358.
    • (1964) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.28 , pp. 352-358
    • Balser, D.S.1
  • 14
    • 1842749568 scopus 로고
    • Return of a predator: Wolf recovery in Montana
    • Bangs, E. E. 1991. Return of a predator: wolf recovery in Montana. Western Wildlands 17:7-13.
    • (1991) Western Wildlands , vol.17 , pp. 7-13
    • Bangs, E.E.1
  • 15
    • 1842800117 scopus 로고
    • Reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho
    • Bangs, E. E., and S. H. Fritts. 1993. Reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 18:1, 18-20.
    • (1993) Endangered Species Technical Bulletin , vol.18 , pp. 1
    • Bangs, E.E.1    Fritts, S.H.2
  • 16
    • 0029659422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reintroducing the gray wolf to central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park
    • Bangs, E. E., and S. H. Fritts. 1996. Reintroducing the gray wolf to central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24:402-413.
    • (1996) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 402-413
    • Bangs, E.E.1    Fritts, S.H.2
  • 18
    • 0024940920 scopus 로고
    • The public and wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park
    • Bath, A. J. 1989. The public and wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. Society and Natural Resources 2:297-306.
    • (1989) Society and Natural Resources , vol.2 , pp. 297-306
    • Bath, A.J.1
  • 19
    • 0005660167 scopus 로고
    • Identification and documentation of public attitudes toward wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park
    • J. G. Varley and W. G. Brewster (editors), National Park Service. Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Bath, A. J. 1992. Identification and documentation of public attitudes toward wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 2-3 to 2-30 In J. G. Varley and W. G. Brewster (editors), Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. U.S. National Park Service. Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1992) Wolves for Yellowstone? A Report to the United States Congress. U.S. , pp. 2-3
    • Bath, A.J.1
  • 20
    • 0000886355 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of interest groups in Wyoming toward wolf restoration in Yellowstone National Park
    • Bath, A. J., and T. Buchanan. 1989. Attitudes of interest groups in Wyoming toward wolf restoration in Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17:519-525.
    • (1989) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.17 , pp. 519-525
    • Bath, A.J.1    Buchanan, T.2
  • 22
    • 0010704329 scopus 로고
    • The Mexican wolf: Biology, history, and prospects for reestablishment in New Mexico
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico
    • Bednarz, J. C. 1988. The Mexican wolf: biology, history, and prospects for reestablishment in New Mexico. Endangered Species Report 18. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
    • (1988) Endangered Species Report 18
    • Bednarz, J.C.1
  • 23
    • 0000823941 scopus 로고
    • Are ranchers legitimately trying to save their hides or are they just crying wolf - What issues must be resolved before wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park proceeds?
    • Beisher, B. N. 1994. Are ranchers legitimately trying to save their hides or are they just crying wolf - what issues must be resolved before wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park proceeds? Land and Water Law Review XXIX:417-465.
    • (1994) Land and Water Law Review , vol.29 , pp. 417-465
    • Beisher, B.N.1
  • 24
    • 1842800114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elk, region 5
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington
    • Bender, L. C. 1996a. Elk, region 5. Pages 88-97 In Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1996 Game status and trend report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington.
    • (1996) Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1996 Game Status and Trend Report , pp. 88-97
    • Bender, L.C.1
  • 25
    • 1842749566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer, region 5
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington
    • Bender, L. C. 1996b. Deer, region 5. Pages 40-49 In Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1996 Game status and trend report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington.
    • (1996) Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1996 Game Status and Trend Report , pp. 40-49
    • Bender, L.C.1
  • 26
    • 0029684535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptospira interrogans exposure in free-ranging elk in Washington
    • Bender, L. C., and P. B. Hall. 1996. Leptospira interrogans exposure in free-ranging elk in Washington. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32:121-124.
    • (1996) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.32 , pp. 121-124
    • Bender, L.C.1    Hall, P.B.2
  • 28
    • 0001041730 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota
    • M. Bekoff (editor), Academic Press. New York
    • Berg, W. E., and R. A. Chesness. 1978. Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota. Pages 229-247 In M. Bekoff (editor), Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management. Academic Press. New York.
    • (1978) Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management , pp. 229-247
    • Berg, W.E.1    Chesness, R.A.2
  • 29
    • 0022846109 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia
    • Bergerud, A. T., and J. P. Elliot. 1986. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:1515-1529.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.64 , pp. 1515-1529
    • Bergerud, A.T.1    Elliot, J.P.2
  • 30
    • 0000780773 scopus 로고
    • Wolf ecology and management in the USSR
    • F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet (editors), Noyes. Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • Bibikov, D. I. 1982. Wolf ecology and management in the USSR. Pages 120-133 In F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet (editors), Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes. Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 120-133
    • Bibikov, D.I.1
  • 31
    • 0001280857 scopus 로고
    • Surplus-killing of reindeer by wolves
    • Bjärvall, A., and E. Nilsson. 1976. Surplus-killing of reindeer by wolves. Journal of Mammalogy 57:585.
    • (1976) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.57 , pp. 585
    • Bjärvall, A.1    Nilsson, E.2
  • 32
    • 0006152461 scopus 로고
    • Wolf predation of cattle on the Simonette River pastures in northwestern Alberta
    • L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management Ottawa, Ontario
    • Bjorge, R. R., and J. R. Gunson. 1983. Wolf predation of cattle on the Simonette River pastures in northwestern Alberta. Pages 106-111 In L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45, Ottawa, Ontario.
    • (1983) Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45 , pp. 106-111
    • Bjorge, R.R.1    Gunson, J.R.2
  • 33
    • 0002722659 scopus 로고
    • Wolf management in intensively used areas of Italy
    • G. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet (editors), Noyes Publications. Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • Boitani, L. 1982. Wolf management in intensively used areas of Italy. Pages 158-172 In G. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet (editors), Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes Publications. Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 158-172
    • Boitani, L.1
  • 34
    • 0001783153 scopus 로고
    • Anticipating consequences of wolves in Yellowstone: Model validation
    • L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Boyce, M. S. 1995. Anticipating consequences of wolves in Yellowstone: model validation. Pages 199-209 In L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35 , pp. 199-209
    • Boyce, M.S.1
  • 35
    • 0013625873 scopus 로고
    • An adult cougar, Felis concolor, killed by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in Glacier National Park, Montana
    • Boyd, D. K., and G. K. Neale. 1992. An adult cougar, Felis concolor, killed by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in Glacier National Park, Montana. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 106:524-525.
    • (1992) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.106 , pp. 524-525
    • Boyd, D.K.1    Neale, G.K.2
  • 36
    • 0000633427 scopus 로고
    • Infectious and parasitic diseases of the gray wolf and their potential effects on wolf populations in North America
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Brand, C. J., M. J. Pybus, W. B. Ballard, and R. O. Peterson. 1995. Infectious and parasitic diseases of the gray wolf and their potential effects on wolf populations in North America. Pages 419-429 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35 , pp. 419-429
    • Brand, C.J.1    Pybus, M.J.2    Ballard, W.B.3    Peterson, R.O.4
  • 37
    • 0002835208 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy and genetics of the gray wolf in western North America: A review
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Brewster, W. G., and S. H. Fritts. 1995. Taxonomy and genetics of the gray wolf in western North America: a review. Pages 353-373 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35 , pp. 353-373
    • Brewster, W.G.1    Fritts, S.H.2
  • 39
    • 0029730508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular taxonomy and the conservation of the red wolf and other endangered carnivores
    • Brownlow, C. A. 1996. Molecular taxonomy and the conservation of the red wolf and other endangered carnivores. Conservation Biology 10:390-396.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 390-396
    • Brownlow, C.A.1
  • 40
    • 0013190980 scopus 로고
    • Deer-forest relationships on northern Vancouver Island
    • O. C. Wallmo and J. W. Schoen (editors), U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Region 10. Juneau, Alaska
    • Bunnell, F. L. 1979. Deer-forest relationships on northern Vancouver Island. Pages 86-101 In O. C. Wallmo and J. W. Schoen (editors), Proceedings of the Sitka blacktailed deer conference. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Region 10. Juneau, Alaska.
    • (1979) Proceedings of the Sitka Blacktailed Deer Conference , pp. 86-101
    • Bunnell, F.L.1
  • 43
    • 0024570502 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia sp. infection in coyotes, black-tailed jack rabbits and desert cottontails in southern Texas
    • Burgess, E. C., and L. A. Windberg. 1989. Borrelia sp. infection in coyotes, black-tailed jack rabbits and desert cottontails in southern Texas. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25:47-51.
    • (1989) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.25 , pp. 47-51
    • Burgess, E.C.1    Windberg, L.A.2
  • 44
    • 0008554733 scopus 로고
    • Movements and behavior of a wolf pack in Alaska
    • Burkholder, B. L. 1959. Movements and behavior of a wolf pack in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 23:1-11.
    • (1959) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.23 , pp. 1-11
    • Burkholder, B.L.1
  • 47
    • 0020401873 scopus 로고
    • Coyote population fluctuations and spatial distribution in relation to wolf territories in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
    • Carbyn, L. N. 1982a. Coyote population fluctuations and spatial distribution in relation to wolf territories in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Canadian Field-Naturalist 96:176-183.
    • (1982) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.96 , pp. 176-183
    • Carbyn, L.N.1
  • 48
    • 0039962863 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of disease and its potential role in the population dynamics of wolves in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
    • F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet (editors), Noyes. Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • Carbyn, L. N. 1982b. Incidence of disease and its potential role in the population dynamics of wolves in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Pages 106-117 In F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet (editors), Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes. Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 106-117
    • Carbyn, L.N.1
  • 49
    • 0020929996 scopus 로고
    • Wolf predation on elk in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
    • Carbyn, L. N. 1983. Wolf predation on elk in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:963-976.
    • (1983) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.47 , pp. 963-976
    • Carbyn, L.N.1
  • 54
    • 0016119203 scopus 로고
    • Serological indication of canine distemper and of infectious canine hepatitis in wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Canada
    • Choquette, L. P. E., and E. Kuyt. 1974. Serological indication of canine distemper and of infectious canine hepatitis in wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 10:321-324.
    • (1974) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.10 , pp. 321-324
    • Choquette, L.P.E.1    Kuyt, E.2
  • 55
    • 1842749459 scopus 로고
    • The beast of Gevaudan
    • Clarke, C. H. D. 1971. The beast of Gevaudan. Natural History 80:44-51, 66-73.
    • (1971) Natural History , vol.80 , pp. 44-51
    • Clarke, C.H.D.1
  • 56
    • 0002507709 scopus 로고
    • Review of wolf control methods in North America
    • Carbyn, L., S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Cluff, H. D., and D. L. Murray. 1995. Review of wolf control methods in North America. Pages 491-504 In Carbyn, L., S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35 , pp. 491-504
    • Cluff, H.D.1    Murray, D.L.2
  • 57
    • 0004728703 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife and the constitution: The walls come tumbling down
    • Coggins, G. C. 1980. Wildlife and the constitution: the walls come tumbling down. Washington Law Review 55:295-358.
    • (1980) Washington Law Review , vol.55 , pp. 295-358
    • Coggins, G.C.1
  • 58
    • 1842800105 scopus 로고
    • The emerging law of wildlife: A narrative bibliography
    • Coggins, G. C., and D. L. Smith. 1975. The emerging law of wildlife: a narrative bibliography. Environmental Law 6:583-618.
    • (1975) Environmental Law , vol.6 , pp. 583-618
    • Coggins, G.C.1    Smith, D.L.2
  • 59
    • 0024228443 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife populations: Minimally viable or ecologically functional?
    • Conner, R. N. 1988. Wildlife populations: minimally viable or ecologically functional? Wildlife Society Bulletin. 16:80-84.
    • (1988) Wildlife Society Bulletin. , vol.16 , pp. 80-84
    • Conner, R.N.1
  • 60
    • 0001892981 scopus 로고
    • Limiting factors and population regulation
    • O. C. Wallmo (editor), University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska
    • Connolly, G. E. 1981. Limiting factors and population regulation. Pages 245-286 In O. C. Wallmo (editor), Mule and black-tailed deer of North America. University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska.
    • (1981) Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America , pp. 245-286
    • Connolly, G.E.1
  • 63
    • 0000147113 scopus 로고
    • The timber wolf in the Rocky Mountain National Parks of Canada
    • Cowan, I. M. 1947. The timber wolf in the Rocky Mountain National Parks of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 25:139-174.
    • (1947) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.25 , pp. 139-174
    • Cowan, I.M.1
  • 64
    • 0041727946 scopus 로고
    • Rabies as a possible population control of arctic Canidae
    • Cowan, I. M. 1949. Rabies as a possible population control of arctic Canidae. Journal of Mammalogy 30:396-398.
    • (1949) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.30 , pp. 396-398
    • Cowan, I.M.1
  • 65
    • 0010428412 scopus 로고
    • Life and times of the coast black-tailed deer
    • W. P. Taylor (editor), Stackpole Company and The Wildlife Management Institute. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    • Cowan, I. M. 1956. Life and times of the coast black-tailed deer. Pages 523-617 In W. P. Taylor (editor), The Deer of North America. Stackpole Company and The Wildlife Management Institute. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
    • (1956) The Deer of North America , pp. 523-617
    • Cowan, I.M.1
  • 66
    • 0001154220 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes
    • Cronin, M. A. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: cautionary notes. Wildlife Society Bulletin 21:339-348.
    • (1993) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 339-348
    • Cronin, M.A.1
  • 68
    • 0019443169 scopus 로고
    • Ecological analyses of helminth populations of wild canids from the gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana
    • Custer, J. W., and D. B. Pence. 1981. Ecological analyses of helminth populations of wild canids from the gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana. Journal of Parasitology 67:289-307.
    • (1981) Journal of Parasitology , vol.67 , pp. 289-307
    • Custer, J.W.1    Pence, D.B.2
  • 69
    • 0007485694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public opinion on species and endangered species conservation
    • Czech, B., and P. R. Krausman. 1997. Public opinion on species and endangered species conservation. Endangered Species Update 14:7-10.
    • (1997) Endangered Species Update , vol.14 , pp. 7-10
    • Czech, B.1    Krausman, P.R.2
  • 70
    • 0028180910 scopus 로고
    • Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem
    • Dale, B. W., L. G. Adams, and R. T. Bowyer. 1994. Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology 63:644-652.
    • (1994) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 644-652
    • Dale, B.W.1    Adams, L.G.2    Bowyer, R.T.3
  • 71
    • 0004186066 scopus 로고
    • University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas
    • Dalquest, W. W. 1948. Mammals of Washington. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas.
    • (1948) Mammals of Washington
    • Dalquest, W.W.1
  • 73
    • 0000878477 scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations and spatial relationships among wolves, Canis lupus, coyotes, Canis latrans, and red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, in Jasper National Park, Alberta
    • Dekker, D. 1989. Population fluctuations and spatial relationships among wolves, Canis lupus, coyotes, Canis latrans, and red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, in Jasper National Park, Alberta. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:261-264.
    • (1989) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.103 , pp. 261-264
    • Dekker, D.1
  • 76
    • 0002615316 scopus 로고
    • Mountain lion
    • J. A. Chapman, and G. A. Feldhamer (editors), The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland
    • Dixon, K. R. 1990. Mountain lion. Pages 711-727 In J. A. Chapman, and G. A. Feldhamer (editors), Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland.
    • (1990) Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics , pp. 711-727
    • Dixon, K.R.1
  • 77
    • 0006147810 scopus 로고
    • Predation losses of cattle in Alberta
    • Dorrance, M. J. 1982. Predation losses of cattle in Alberta. Journal of Range Management 35:690-692.
    • (1982) Journal of Range Management , vol.35 , pp. 690-692
    • Dorrance, M.J.1
  • 78
    • 1842648963 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of anti-coyote electric fencing
    • Dorrance, M. J., and J. Bourne. 1980. An evaluation of anti-coyote electric fencing. Journal of Range Management 33:385-387.
    • (1980) Journal of Range Management , vol.33 , pp. 385-387
    • Dorrance, M.J.1    Bourne, J.2
  • 80
    • 0003324620 scopus 로고
    • Response to Wayne, Nowak, and Phillips and Henry: Use of molecular characters in conservation biology
    • Dowling, T. E., W. L. Minckley, M. E. Douglas, P. C. Marsh, and B. D. DeMarais. 1992b. Response to Wayne, Nowak, and Phillips and Henry: use of molecular characters in conservation biology. Conservation Biology 6:600-603.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 600-603
    • Dowling, T.E.1    Minckley, W.L.2    Douglas, M.E.3    Marsh, P.C.4    DeMarais, B.D.5
  • 83
    • 0003244819 scopus 로고
    • An economic analysis of wolf recovery in Yellowstone: Park visitor attitudes and values
    • J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park. Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Duffield, J. W. 1992. An economic analysis of wolf recovery in Yellowstone: Park visitor attitudes and values. Pages 2-31 to 2-87 In J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park. Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1992) Wolves for Yellowstone? a Report to the United States Congress , pp. 2-31
    • Duffield, J.W.1
  • 85
    • 0022173496 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the dynamics of wild populations
    • Eberhardt, L. L. 1985. Assessing the dynamics of wild populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:997-1012.
    • (1985) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.49 , pp. 997-1012
    • Eberhardt, L.L.1
  • 86
    • 0023510577 scopus 로고
    • Population projections from simple models
    • Eberhardt, L. L. 1987. Population projections from simple models. Journal of Applied Ecology 24:103-118.
    • (1987) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 103-118
    • Eberhardt, L.L.1
  • 87
    • 0031408216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is wolf predation ratio-dependent?
    • Eberhardt, L. L. 1997. Is wolf predation ratio-dependent? Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:1940-1944.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.75 , pp. 1940-1944
    • Eberhardt, L.L.1
  • 88
    • 0031875296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying difference equations to wolf predation
    • Eberhardt, L. L. 1998. Applying difference equations to wolf predation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:380-386.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 380-386
    • Eberhardt, L.L.1
  • 89
    • 1842648830 scopus 로고
    • The Twana Indians of the Skokomish Reservation in Washington Territory
    • Eells, M. 1877. The Twana Indians of the Skokomish Reservation in Washington Territory. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 3:57-114.
    • (1877) U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.3 , pp. 57-114
    • Eells, M.1
  • 90
  • 91
    • 1842800016 scopus 로고
    • The Twana, Chemakum and Klallam Indians of Washington Territory
    • Eells, M. 1889. The Twana, Chemakum and Klallam Indians of Washington Territory. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report for 1887 605-681.
    • (1889) Smithsonian Institution Annual Report for 1887 , pp. 605-681
    • Eells, M.1
  • 94
    • 0008447551 scopus 로고
    • Apparent case of surplus killing of caribou by gray wolves
    • Eide, S. H., and W. B. Ballard. 1982. Apparent case of surplus killing of caribou by gray wolves. The Canadian-Field Naturalist 96:87-88.
    • (1982) The Canadian-Field Naturalist , vol.96 , pp. 87-88
    • Eide, S.H.1    Ballard, W.B.2
  • 95
    • 1842749460 scopus 로고
    • The affirmative duty of federal departments and agencies to restore endangered and threatened species
    • Eider-Orley, M. T. 1978. The affirmative duty of federal departments and agencies to restore endangered and threatened species. Hofstra Law Review 6:1067-1085.
    • (1978) Hofstra Law Review , vol.6 , pp. 1067-1085
    • Eider-Orley, M.T.1
  • 96
  • 98
    • 0028173874 scopus 로고
    • Mountain goat recruitment: Kid production and survival to breeding age
    • Festa-Bianchet, M., and M. Urquhart. 1994. Mountain goat recruitment: kid production and survival to breeding age. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:22-27.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.72 , pp. 22-27
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Urquhart, M.2
  • 99
    • 1842699118 scopus 로고
    • Restoring the wolf
    • Fischer, H. 1989. Restoring the wolf. Defenders 64:9, 36.
    • (1989) Defenders , vol.64 , pp. 9
    • Fischer, H.1
  • 100
    • 1842648962 scopus 로고
    • Discord over wolves
    • Fischer, H. 1991. Discord over wolves. Defenders 66:35-39.
    • (1991) Defenders , vol.66 , pp. 35-39
    • Fischer, H.1
  • 102
    • 0000553069 scopus 로고
    • Forest vegetation of the montane and subalpine zones, Olympic Mountains, Washington
    • Fonda, R. W., and L. C. Bliss. 1969. Forest vegetation of the montane and subalpine zones, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Ecological Monographs 39:271-301.
    • (1969) Ecological Monographs , vol.39 , pp. 271-301
    • Fonda, R.W.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 103
    • 0030474685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-boundary management of Algonquin Park wolves
    • Forbes, G. J., and J. B. Theberge. 1996. Cross-boundary management of Algonquin Park wolves. Conservation Biology 10:1091-1097.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Forbes, G.J.1    Theberge, J.B.2
  • 104
    • 0008616063 scopus 로고
    • Wolf predation on mountain goats in southeastern Alaska
    • Fox, J. L., and G. P. Streveler. 1986. Wolf predation on mountain goats in southeastern Alaska. Journal of Mammalogy 67:192-195.
    • (1986) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.67 , pp. 192-195
    • Fox, J.L.1    Streveler, G.P.2
  • 105
    • 0000748016 scopus 로고
    • The ceremonial societies of the Quileute Indians
    • Frachtenberg, L. J. 1921. The ceremonial societies of the Quileute Indians. American Anthropologist 23:320-352.
    • (1921) American Anthropologist , vol.23 , pp. 320-352
    • Frachtenberg, L.J.1
  • 106
    • 0003085678 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary change in small populations
    • M. E. Soulé, and B. A. Wilcox (editors), Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • Franklin, I. R. 1980. Evolutionary change in small populations. Pages 135-150 In M. E. Soulé, and B. A. Wilcox (editors), Conservation Biology: an Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1980) Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective , pp. 135-150
    • Franklin, I.R.1
  • 107
    • 1842800015 scopus 로고
    • F. H. Erye (editor), Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C.
    • Franklin, J. F. 1980. Forest cover types. Page 103 In F. H. Erye (editor), Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C.
    • (1980) Forest Cover Types , pp. 103
    • Franklin, J.F.1
  • 109
    • 0003701384 scopus 로고
    • Wolf depredation on livestock in Minnesota
    • U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
    • Fritts, S. H. 1982. Wolf depredation on livestock in Minnesota. Resource Publication 145. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
    • (1982) Resource Publication 145
    • Fritts, S.H.1
  • 110
    • 0000775476 scopus 로고
    • Record dispersal by a wolf from Minnesota
    • Fritts, S. H. 1983. Record dispersal by a wolf from Minnesota. Journal of Mammalogy 64:166-167.
    • (1983) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.64 , pp. 166-167
    • Fritts, S.H.1
  • 111
    • 1842749564 scopus 로고
    • Wolves and wolf recovery efforts in the northwestern United States
    • Fritts, S. H. 1991. Wolves and wolf recovery efforts in the northwestern United States. Western Wildlands 17:2-6.
    • (1991) Western Wildlands , vol.17 , pp. 2-6
    • Fritts, S.H.1
  • 112
    • 0002100717 scopus 로고
    • Controlling wolves in the greaterYellowstone area
    • R. S. Cook (editor), Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Denver, Colorado
    • Fritts, S. H. 1993. Controlling wolves in the greaterYellowstone area. Pages 173-233 In R. S. Cook (editor), Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Scientific Monograph 22, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1993) U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Scientific Monograph , vol.22 , pp. 173-233
    • Fritts, S.H.1
  • 113
    • 0002067551 scopus 로고
    • Restoring wolves to the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Fritts, S. H., E. E. Bangs, J. A. Fontaine, W. G. Brewster, and J. F. Gore. 1995. Restoring wolves to the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States. Pages 107-125 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35 , pp. 107-125
    • Fritts, S.H.1    Bangs, E.E.2    Fontaine, J.A.3    Brewster, W.G.4    Gore, J.F.5
  • 114
    • 0019646473 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota
    • Fritts, S. H., and L. D. Mech. 1981. Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 80.
    • (1981) Wildlife Monographs , vol.80
    • Fritts, S.H.1    Mech, L.D.2
  • 115
    • 0024883056 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of wolves and dogs in Minnesota
    • Fritts, S. H., and W. J. Paul. 1989. Interactions of wolves and dogs in Minnesota. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17:121-123.
    • (1989) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.17 , pp. 121-123
    • Fritts, S.H.1    Paul, W.J.2
  • 117
    • 0027097299 scopus 로고
    • Trends and management of wolf-livestock conflicts in Minnesota
    • Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota
    • Fritts, S. H., W. J. Paul, L. D. Mech, and D. P. Scott. 1992. Trends and management of wolf-livestock conflicts in Minnesota. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 181, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota.
    • (1992) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 181
    • Fritts, S.H.1    Paul, W.J.2    Mech, L.D.3    Scott, D.P.4
  • 118
    • 0024937536 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of wolves in north-central Minnesota
    • Fuller, T. K. 1989. Population dynamics of wolves in north-central Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 105.
    • (1989) Wildlife Monographs , vol.105
    • Fuller, T.K.1
  • 119
    • 0025956995 scopus 로고
    • Effect of snow depth on wolf activity and prey selection in north central Minnesota
    • Fuller, T. K. 1991. Effect of snow depth on wolf activity and prey selection in north central Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:283-287.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.69 , pp. 283-287
    • Fuller, T.K.1
  • 121
    • 0001071329 scopus 로고
    • Non-overlapping ranges of coyotes and wolves in northeastern Alberta
    • Fuller, T. K., and L. B. Keith. 1981. Non-overlapping ranges of coyotes and wolves in northeastern Alberta. Journal of Mammalogy 62:403-405.
    • (1981) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.62 , pp. 403-405
    • Fuller, T.K.1    Keith, L.B.2
  • 122
    • 0001642138 scopus 로고
    • The potential impact of a reintroduced wolf population on the northern Yellowstone elk herd
    • Prepared by Yellowstone National Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Wyoming, University of Idaho, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team and the University of Minnesota Cooperative Park Studies Unit. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Garton, E. O., R. L. Crabtree, B. B. Ackerman, and G. Wright. 1990. The potential impact of a reintroduced wolf population on the northern Yellowstone elk herd. Pages 3-59 to 3-91 In Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. Prepared by Yellowstone National Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Wyoming, University of Idaho, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team and the University of Minnesota Cooperative Park Studies Unit. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1990) Wolves for Yellowstone? A Report to the United States Congress , pp. 3-59
    • Garton, E.O.1    Crabtree, R.L.2    Ackerman, B.B.3    Wright, G.4
  • 125
    • 0001323601 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of antitrapping sentiment in the United States: A review and commentary
    • Gentile, J. R. 1987. The evolution of antitrapping sentiment in the United States: a review and commentary. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:490-503.
    • (1987) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.15 , pp. 490-503
    • Gentile, J.R.1
  • 129
    • 1842699122 scopus 로고
    • Viral diseases: Distemper and infectious hepatitis
    • Catcott, E. J. (editor), American Veterinary Publications, Inc., Wheaton, Illinois
    • Gillespie, J. H., and L. E. Carmichael. 1968. Viral diseases: distemper and infectious hepatitis. Pages 111-130 In Catcott, E. J. (editor), Canine Medicine. American Veterinary Publications, Inc., Wheaton, Illinois.
    • (1968) Canine Medicine , pp. 111-130
    • Gillespie, J.H.1    Carmichael, L.E.2
  • 130
    • 0011897191 scopus 로고
    • Crying wolf in North America
    • Gittleman, J. L., and S. L. Pimm. 1991. Crying wolf in North America. Nature 351:524-525.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 524-525
    • Gittleman, J.L.1    Pimm, S.L.2
  • 132
    • 0003806085 scopus 로고
    • The American Wildlife Institute, Washington D.C.
    • Goldman, E. A. 1944. The wolves of North America. The American Wildlife Institute, Washington D.C.
    • (1944) The Wolves of North America
    • Goldman, E.A.1
  • 133
    • 1842699199 scopus 로고
    • Salmon poisoning disease
    • C. E. Greene (editor), W. B. Saunders Company. West Washington Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Gorham, J. R., and W. J. Foreyt. 1984. Salmon poisoning disease. Pages 538-544 In C. E. Greene (editor), Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. W. B. Saunders Company. West Washington Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
    • (1984) Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat , pp. 538-544
    • Gorham, J.R.1    Foreyt, W.J.2
  • 135
    • 0002117013 scopus 로고
    • Livestock-guarding dogs for predator control: Costs, benefits, and practicality
    • Green, J. S. 1984. Livestock-guarding dogs for predator control: costs, benefits, and practicality. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:44-50.
    • (1984) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.12 , pp. 44-50
    • Green, J.S.1
  • 136
    • 0000413747 scopus 로고
    • Is predatory control going to the dogs?
    • Green, J. S., and R. A. Woodruff. 1980. Is predatory control going to the dogs? Rangelands 2:187-189.
    • (1980) Rangelands , vol.2 , pp. 187-189
    • Green, J.S.1    Woodruff, R.A.2
  • 137
    • 0024928186 scopus 로고
    • Translocation as a species conservation tool: Status and strategy
    • Griffith, B., J. M. Scott, J. W. Carpenter, and C. Reed. 1989. Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy. Science 245:477-480.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 477-480
    • Griffith, B.1    Scott, J.M.2    Carpenter, J.W.3    Reed, C.4
  • 138
    • 0002080206 scopus 로고
    • Status and management of wolves in Alberta
    • L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management. Ottowa, Ontario
    • Gunson, J. R. 1983. Status and management of wolves in Alberta. Pages 20-24 In L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45, Ottowa, Ontario.
    • (1983) Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45 , pp. 20-24
    • Gunson, J.R.1
  • 141
    • 0002228860 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of taste aversion control of wolf (Canis lupus) predation in northern Minnesota
    • Gustavson, C. R. 1982/1983. An evaluation of taste aversion control of wolf (Canis lupus) predation in northern Minnesota. Applied Animal Ethology 9:63-71.
    • (1982) Applied Animal Ethology , vol.9 , pp. 63-71
    • Gustavson, C.R.1
  • 142
    • 1842749560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating vasectomy as a means of wolf control
    • N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • Haight, R. G., and L. D. Mech. 1996. Evaluating vasectomy as a means of wolf control. Pages 240-241 In N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference , pp. 240-241
    • Haight, R.G.1    Mech, L.D.2
  • 146
    • 0000998976 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation by coyote pairs attacking mule deer fawns
    • Hamlin, K. L., and L. L. Schweitzer. 1979. Cooperation by coyote pairs attacking mule deer fawns. Journal of Mammalogy 60:849-851.
    • (1979) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.60 , pp. 849-851
    • Hamlin, K.L.1    Schweitzer, L.L.2
  • 149
  • 153
    • 1842749486 scopus 로고
    • Can the wolf be returned to New York?
    • F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet, Noyes Publications. Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • Henshaw, R. E. 1982. Can the wolf be returned to New York? Pages 395-422 In F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet, Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes Publications. Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 395-422
    • Henshaw, R.E.1
  • 154
    • 0002833716 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of Michigan citizens toward predators
    • F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • Hook, R. A., and W. M. Robinson. 1982. Attitudes of Michigan citizens toward predators. Pages 382-394 In F. H. Harrington, and P. C. Paquet, Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 382-394
    • Hook, R.A.1    Robinson, W.M.2
  • 155
    • 0000723143 scopus 로고
    • Wolves, Canis lupus, kill female black bear, Ursus americanus, in Alberta
    • Horejsi, B. L., G. E. Hornbeck, and R. M. Raine. 1984. Wolves, Canis lupus, kill female black bear, Ursus americanus, in Alberta. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 98:368-369.
    • (1984) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.98 , pp. 368-369
    • Horejsi, B.L.1    Hornbeck, G.E.2    Raine, R.M.3
  • 156
    • 0001951305 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of mountain lion predation upon mule deer and elk in the Idaho primitive area
    • Hornocker, M. G. 1970. An analysis of mountain lion predation upon mule deer and elk in the Idaho primitive area. Wildlife Monographs 21.
    • (1970) Wildlife Monographs , vol.21
    • Hornocker, M.G.1
  • 158
    • 0006232705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological potential for eastern timber wolf re-establishment in Adirondack Park
    • N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Defenders of Wildlife. Washington, D.C.
    • Hosack, D. 1996. Biological potential for eastern timber wolf re-establishment in Adirondack Park. Pages 24-30 In N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Defenders of Wildlife. Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference , pp. 24-30
    • Hosack, D.1
  • 160
    • 0023582438 scopus 로고
    • Roosevelt elk density in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park
    • Houston, D. B. 1987. Roosevelt elk density in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park. Northwest Science 61:220-225.
    • (1987) Northwest Science , vol.61 , pp. 220-225
    • Houston, D.B.1
  • 161
    • 0024189634 scopus 로고
    • Resource limitation in mountain goats: A test by experimental cropping
    • Houston, D. B., and V. Stevens. 1988. Resource limitation in mountain goats: a test by experimental cropping. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:228-238.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.66 , pp. 228-238
    • Houston, D.B.1    Stevens, V.2
  • 162
    • 0022834267 scopus 로고
    • An aerial census of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountain Range, Washington
    • Houston, D. B., B. B. Moorhead, and R. W. Olson. 1986. An aerial census of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountain Range, Washington. Northwest Science 60:131-136.
    • (1986) Northwest Science , vol.60 , pp. 131-136
    • Houston, D.B.1    Moorhead, B.B.2    Olson, R.W.3
  • 164
    • 0027464570 scopus 로고
    • Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. I. Prey species
    • Huggard, D. J. 1993a. Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. I. Prey species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:130-139.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.71 , pp. 130-139
    • Huggard, D.J.1
  • 165
    • 0027505231 scopus 로고
    • Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. II. Age, sex, and condition of elk
    • Huggard, D. J. 1993b. Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. II. Age, sex, and condition of elk. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:140-147.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.71 , pp. 140-147
    • Huggard, D.J.1
  • 166
    • 0022604026 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of antibodies to the etiologic agents of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, leptospirosis, and brucellosis in white-tailed deer in Minnesota
    • Ingebrigtsen, D. K., J. R. Ludwig, and A. W. McClurkin. 1986. Occurrence of antibodies to the etiologic agents of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, leptospirosis, and brucellosis in white-tailed deer in Minnesota. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22:83-86.
    • (1986) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.22 , pp. 83-86
    • Ingebrigtsen, D.K.1    Ludwig, J.R.2    McClurkin, A.W.3
  • 167
    • 1842648959 scopus 로고
    • Wolves of the islands
    • Ingle, M. 1994. Wolves of the islands. Defenders 69:24-31.
    • (1994) Defenders , vol.69 , pp. 24-31
    • Ingle, M.1
  • 168
  • 169
    • 0008314445 scopus 로고
    • Social organization of Roosevelt elk in an old-growth forest
    • Jenkins, K. J., and E. E. Starkey. 1982. Social organization of Roosevelt elk in an old-growth forest. Journal of Mammalogy 63:331-334.
    • (1982) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.63 , pp. 331-334
    • Jenkins, K.J.1    Starkey, E.E.2
  • 170
    • 0021573098 scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by Roosevelt elk in unmanaged forests of the Hoh Valley, Washington
    • Jenkins, K. J., and E. E. Starkey. 1984. Habitat use by Roosevelt elk in unmanaged forests of the Hoh Valley, Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:642-646.
    • (1984) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.48 , pp. 642-646
    • Jenkins, K.J.1    Starkey, E.E.2
  • 171
    • 1842648871 scopus 로고
    • Arctic wolf attacks a scientist - A unique Canadian incident
    • Jenness, S. E. 1985. Arctic wolf attacks a scientist - a unique Canadian incident. Arctic 38:129-132.
    • (1985) Arctic , vol.38 , pp. 129-132
    • Jenness, S.E.1
  • 172
    • 0000294304 scopus 로고
    • Wolf, Canis lupus, distribution on the Ontario-Michigan border near Sault Ste. Marie
    • Jensen, W. F., T. K. Fuller, and W. L. Robinson. 1986. Wolf, Canis lupus, distribution on the Ontario-Michigan border near Sault Ste. Marie. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 100:363-366.
    • (1986) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 363-366
    • Jensen, W.F.1    Fuller, T.K.2    Robinson, W.L.3
  • 173
    • 1842800028 scopus 로고
    • The potential role of rabies in relation to possible Yellowstone wolf populations
    • J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), National Park Service. Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Johnson, M. R. 1992. The potential role of rabies in relation to possible Yellowstone wolf populations. Pages 5-45 to 5-67 In J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. Volume IV: research and analysis. National Park Service. Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1992) Wolves for Yellowstone? A Report to the United States Congress. Volume IV: Research and Analysis , vol.4 , pp. 5-45
    • Johnson, M.R.1
  • 174
    • 1842699124 scopus 로고
    • Rabies in wolves and its potential role in a Yellowstone wolf population
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. University of Alberta, Calgary. Alberta
    • Johnson, M. R. 1995. Rabies in wolves and its potential role in a Yellowstone wolf population. Pages 431-439 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary. Alberta.
    • (1995) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35 , pp. 431-439
    • Johnson, M.R.1
  • 175
    • 0028419547 scopus 로고
    • Serologie investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf (Canis lupus) pup mortalities
    • Johnson, M. R., D. K. Boyd, and D. H. Pletscher. 1994. Serologie investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf (Canis lupus) pup mortalities. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30:270-273.
    • (1994) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.30 , pp. 270-273
    • Johnson, M.R.1    Boyd, D.K.2    Pletscher, D.H.3
  • 176
    • 1842800027 scopus 로고
    • Check list of mammals of the Olympic Peninsula
    • Johnson, M. L., and S. Johnson. 1952. Check list of mammals of the Olympic Peninsula. The Murrelet 33:32-37.
    • (1952) The Murrelet , vol.33 , pp. 32-37
    • Johnson, M.L.1    Johnson, S.2
  • 177
    • 0000748653 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate geographical variation in the wolf Canis lupus
    • Jolicoeur, P. 1959. Multivariate geographical variation in the wolf Canis lupus. Evolution 13:283-299.
    • (1959) Evolution , vol.13 , pp. 283-299
    • Jolicoeur, P.1
  • 178
    • 1842648872 scopus 로고
    • Response of black-tailed deer to winters of different severity on northern Vancouver Island
    • W. R. Meehan, T. R. Merrell, Jr., and T. A. Hanley (editors), American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Juneau, Alaska
    • Jones, G. W., and F. L. Bunnell. 1984. Response of black-tailed deer to winters of different severity on northern Vancouver Island. Pages 385-396 In W. R. Meehan, T. R. Merrell, Jr., and T. A. Hanley (editors), Fish and wildlife relationships in old-growth forests. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Juneau, Alaska.
    • (1984) Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-growth Forests , pp. 385-396
    • Jones, G.W.1    Bunnell, F.L.2
  • 179
    • 0024043169 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to infection with the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Kazmierczak, J. J., E. C. Burgess, and T. E. Amundson. 1988. Susceptibility of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to infection with the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24:522-527.
    • (1988) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.24 , pp. 522-527
    • Kazmierczak, J.J.1    Burgess, E.C.2    Amundson, T.E.3
  • 180
    • 1842749493 scopus 로고
    • Wolf recovery under the Endangered Species Act: A study in contemporary federalism
    • Keiter, R. B., and P. T. Holscher. 1990. Wolf recovery under the Endangered Species Act: a study in contemporary federalism. Public Land Law Review 11:19-52.
    • (1990) Public Land Law Review , vol.11 , pp. 19-52
    • Keiter, R.B.1    Holscher, P.T.2
  • 181
    • 0022178538 scopus 로고
    • Public perceptions of predators, particularly the wolf and coyote
    • Kellert, S. R. 1985. Public perceptions of predators, particularly the wolf and coyote. Biological Conservation 31:167-189.
    • (1985) Biological Conservation , vol.31 , pp. 167-189
    • Kellert, S.R.1
  • 184
    • 0030479045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human culture and large carnivore conservation in North America
    • Kellert, S. R., M. Black, C. R. Rush, and A. J. Bath. 1996. Human culture and large carnivore conservation in North America. Conservation Biology 10:977-990.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 977-990
    • Kellert, S.R.1    Black, M.2    Rush, C.R.3    Bath, A.J.4
  • 185
    • 0000035782 scopus 로고
    • Structural adaptations of moose and deer for snow
    • Kelsall, J. P. 1969. Structural adaptations of moose and deer for snow. Journal of Mammalogy 50:302-310.
    • (1969) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.50 , pp. 302-310
    • Kelsall, J.P.1
  • 188
    • 0001457048 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of effective population number
    • Kimura, M., and J. F. Crow. 1963. The measurement of effective population number. Evolution 17:279-288.
    • (1963) Evolution , vol.17 , pp. 279-288
    • Kimura, M.1    Crow, J.F.2
  • 189
    • 0001634190 scopus 로고
    • Chemical fertility control and wildlife management
    • Kirkpatrick, J. F., and J. W. Turner. 1985. Chemical fertility control and wildlife management. BioScience 35:485-491.
    • (1985) BioScience , vol.35 , pp. 485-491
    • Kirkpatrick, J.F.1    Turner, J.W.2
  • 190
    • 0015736532 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of canid social systems from an evolutionary perspective
    • Kleiman, D. G., and J. F. Eisenberg. 1973. Comparison of canid social systems from an evolutionary perspective. Animal Behavior 21:637-659.
    • (1973) Animal Behavior , vol.21 , pp. 637-659
    • Kleiman, D.G.1    Eisenberg, J.F.2
  • 191
    • 0002220670 scopus 로고
    • Natural mortality patterns of deer in southeast Alaska
    • Klein, D. R., and S. T. Olson. 1960. Natural mortality patterns of deer in southeast Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 24:80-88.
    • (1960) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.24 , pp. 80-88
    • Klein, D.R.1    Olson, S.T.2
  • 192
    • 0038424483 scopus 로고
    • Salmon poisoning disease
    • J. W. Davis, J. W., L. H. Karstad, and D. O. Trainer (editors), Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa
    • Knapp, S. E., and R. E. Millemann. 1970. Salmon poisoning disease. Pages 332-342 In J. W. Davis, J. W., L. H. Karstad, and D. O. Trainer (editors), Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals. Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa.
    • (1970) Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals , pp. 332-342
    • Knapp, S.E.1    Millemann, R.E.2
  • 196
    • 77953843497 scopus 로고
    • Surplus killing by carnivores
    • London
    • Kruuk, H. 1972. Surplus killing by carnivores. Journal of Zoology, London 166:233-244.
    • (1972) Journal of Zoology , vol.166 , pp. 233-244
    • Kruuk, H.1
  • 199
    • 0028166264 scopus 로고
    • Wolf and bear predation on white-tailed deer fawns in northeastern Minnesota
    • Kunkel, K. E., and L. D. Mech. 1994. Wolf and bear predation on white-tailed deer fawns in northeastern Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:1557-1565.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.72 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Kunkel, K.E.1    Mech, L.D.2
  • 201
    • 84989415720 scopus 로고
    • Loss of genetic diversity from managed populations: Interacting effects of drift, mutation, immigration, selection, and population subdivision
    • Lacy, R. C. 1987. Loss of genetic diversity from managed populations: interacting effects of drift, mutation, immigration, selection, and population subdivision. Conservation Biology 1:143-158.
    • (1987) Conservation Biology , vol.1 , pp. 143-158
    • Lacy, R.C.1
  • 202
    • 0024164592 scopus 로고
    • Genetics and demography in biological conservation
    • Lande, R. 1988. Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241:1455-1460.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1455-1460
    • Lande, R.1
  • 203
    • 0027331845 scopus 로고
    • Risks of population extinction from demographic and environmental stochasticity and random catastrophies
    • Lande, R. 1993. Risks of population extinction from demographic and environmental stochasticity and random catastrophies. The American Naturalist 142:911-927.
    • (1993) The American Naturalist , vol.142 , pp. 911-927
    • Lande, R.1
  • 207
  • 210
    • 0344323176 scopus 로고
    • When wolves forsake their ways
    • Ligon, J. S. 1926. When wolves forsake their ways. Nature Magazine 7:156-159.
    • (1926) Nature Magazine , vol.7 , pp. 156-159
    • Ligon, J.S.1
  • 211
    • 1842749557 scopus 로고
    • Field evaluation of techniques for reducing coyote predation on livestock
    • Linhart, S. B. 1980. Field evaluation of techniques for reducing coyote predation on livestock. Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings 3:1826-1838.
    • (1980) Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings , vol.3 , pp. 1826-1838
    • Linhart, S.B.1
  • 212
    • 0001075433 scopus 로고
    • Determining the relative abundance of coyotes by scent station lines
    • Linhart, S. B., and F. F. Knowlton. 1975. Determining the relative abundance of coyotes by scent station lines. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2:119-124.
    • (1975) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.2 , pp. 119-124
    • Linhart, S.B.1    Knowlton, F.F.2
  • 215
    • 0002720651 scopus 로고
    • Niche relations between coyotes and sympatric carnivora
    • Boer, A. H. (editor), Wildlife Research Unit, Fredericton, New Brunswick
    • Litvaitis, J. A. 1992. Niche relations between coyotes and sympatric carnivora. Pages 73-85 In Boer, A. H. (editor), Ecology and management of the eastern coyote. Wildlife Research Unit, Fredericton, New Brunswick.
    • (1992) Ecology and Management of the Eastern Coyote , pp. 73-85
    • Litvaitis, J.A.1
  • 217
    • 0022220714 scopus 로고
    • Mountain lion habitats in the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming
    • Logan, K. A., and L. L. Irwin. 1985. Mountain lion habitats in the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13:257-262.
    • (1985) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.13 , pp. 257-262
    • Logan, K.A.1    Irwin, L.L.2
  • 218
    • 0029862585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward gray wolf reintroduction to New Brunswick
    • Lohr, C., W. B. Ballard, and A. Bath. 1996. Attitudes toward gray wolf reintroduction to New Brunswick. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24:414-420.
    • (1996) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 414-420
    • Lohr, C.1    Ballard, W.B.2    Bath, A.3
  • 219
    • 84858518387 scopus 로고
    • A review of wolf depredation on livestock and implications for the Yellowstone area
    • J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Mack, J. A., W. G. Brewster, and S. H. Fritts. 1992. A review of wolf depredation on livestock and implications for the Yellowstone area. Pages 5-21 to 5-44 In J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1992) Wolves for Yellowstone? A Report to the United States Congress , pp. 5-21
    • Mack, J.A.1    Brewster, W.G.2    Fritts, S.H.3
  • 220
    • 0002986377 scopus 로고
    • Predicted effects of wolf predation on northern range elk, mule deer, and moose using POP-II models
    • J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Mack, J. A., and F. J. Singer. 1992. Predicted effects of wolf predation on northern range elk, mule deer, and moose using POP-II models. Pages 4-43 to 4-70 In J. D. Varley, and W. G. Brewster (editors), Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1992) Wolves for Yellowstone? A Report to the United States Congress , pp. 4-43
    • Mack, J.A.1    Singer, F.J.2
  • 221
    • 1842749495 scopus 로고
    • Obligations of federal agencies under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973
    • Mallory, R. 1976. Obligations of federal agencies under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Stanford Law Review 28:1247-1270.
    • (1976) Stanford Law Review , vol.28 , pp. 1247-1270
    • Mallory, R.1
  • 223
    • 0000456489 scopus 로고
    • Black bear predation of white-tailed deer neonates in the central Adirondacks
    • Mathews, N. E., and W. F. Porter. 1988. Black bear predation of white-tailed deer neonates in the central Adirondacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:1241-1242.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.66 , pp. 1241-1242
    • Mathews, N.E.1    Porter, W.F.2
  • 225
    • 0001426025 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy as destiny
    • May, R. M. 1990. Taxonomy as destiny. Nature 347:129-130.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 129-130
    • May, R.M.1
  • 226
    • 0345226640 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of weather to migratory movements of black-tailed deer
    • McCullough, D. R. 1964. Relationship of weather to migratory movements of black-tailed deer. Ecology 45:249-256.
    • (1964) Ecology , vol.45 , pp. 249-256
    • McCullough, D.R.1
  • 227
    • 0001351874 scopus 로고
    • How Komondor dogs reduce sheep losses to coyotes
    • McGrew, J. C., and C. S. Blakesley. 1982. How Komondor dogs reduce sheep losses to coyotes. Journal of Range Management 35:693-696.
    • (1982) Journal of Range Management , vol.35 , pp. 693-696
    • McGrew, J.C.1    Blakesley, C.S.2
  • 229
    • 0028993331 scopus 로고
    • Mortality causes and survival estimates for adult female Columbian blacktailed deer
    • McNay, R. S., and J. M. Voller. 1995. Mortality causes and survival estimates for adult female Columbian blacktailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:138-146.
    • (1995) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.59 , pp. 138-146
    • McNay, R.S.1    Voller, J.M.2
  • 230
    • 1842699126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olympic Park's missing predator
    • McNulty, T. 1997. Olympic Park's missing predator. Defenders 72:6-13.
    • (1997) Defenders , vol.72 , pp. 6-13
    • McNulty, T.1
  • 231
    • 0003490867 scopus 로고
    • Fauna of the National Parks of the United States, Fauna Series, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
    • Mech, L. D. 1966. The wolves of Isle Royale. Fauna of the National Parks of the United States, Fauna Series, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
    • (1966) The Wolves of Isle Royale
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 233
    • 1842800031 scopus 로고
    • Who's afraid of the big bad wolf?
    • Mech, L. D. 1990. Who's afraid of the big bad wolf? Audubon 92:82-85.
    • (1990) Audubon , vol.92 , pp. 82-85
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 234
    • 1842304573 scopus 로고
    • Returning the wolf to Yellowstone
    • Keiter, R. B., and M. S. Boyce (editors), Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut
    • Mech, L. D. 1991. Returning the wolf to Yellowstone. Pages 309-322 In Keiter, R. B., and M. S. Boyce (editors), The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: redefining America's wilderness heritage. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
    • (1991) The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Redefining America's Wilderness Heritage , pp. 309-322
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 235
    • 0028974891 scopus 로고
    • The challenge and opportunity of recovering wolf populations
    • Mech, L. D. 1995. The challenge and opportunity of recovering wolf populations. Conservation Biology 9:270-278.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 270-278
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 238
    • 0024189791 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between winter severity and wolf depredations on domestic animals in Minnesota
    • Mech, L. D., S. H. Fritts, and W. J. Paul. 1988b. Relationship between winter severity and wolf depredations on domestic animals in Minnesota. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16:269-272.
    • (1988) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.16 , pp. 269-272
    • Mech, L.D.1    Fritts, S.H.2    Paul, W.J.3
  • 239
    • 0027582311 scopus 로고
    • Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival
    • Mech, L. D., and S. M. Goyal. 1993. Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29:330-333.
    • (1993) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.29 , pp. 330-333
    • Mech, L.D.1    Goyal, S.M.2
  • 240
    • 0022615856 scopus 로고
    • Canine parvovirus infection in wolves (Canis lupus) from Minnesota
    • Mech, L. D., and S. M. Goyal, C. N. Bota, and U.S. Seal. 1986. Canine parvovirus infection in wolves (Canis lupus) from Minnesota. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22:104-106.
    • (1986) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.22 , pp. 104-106
    • Mech, L.D.1    Goyal, S.M.2    Bota, C.N.3    Seal, U.S.4
  • 241
    • 0029526499 scopus 로고
    • Effects of canine parvovirus on gray wolves in Minnesota
    • Mech, L. D., and S. M. Goyal. 1995. Effects of canine parvovirus on gray wolves in Minnesota. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:565-570.
    • (1995) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.59 , pp. 565-570
    • Mech, L.D.1    Goyal, S.M.2
  • 242
  • 243
  • 244
    • 0000135024 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of prey selection in Denali National Park, Alaska
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Mech, L. D., T. J. Meier, J. W. Burch, and L. G. Adams. 1995. Patterns of prey selection in Denali National Park, Alaska. Pages 231-243 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 231-243
    • Mech, L.D.1    Meier, T.J.2    Burch, J.W.3    Adams, L.G.4
  • 246
    • 0015061592 scopus 로고
    • A study of dog-coyote hybrids and implications concerning hybridization in Canis
    • Mengel, R. M. 1971. A study of dog-coyote hybrids and implications concerning hybridization in Canis. Journal of Mammalogy 52:316-336.
    • (1971) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.52 , pp. 316-336
    • Mengel, R.M.1
  • 248
    • 0022195729 scopus 로고
    • Social organization, spatial distribution, and population density of wolves in relation to moose density
    • Messier, F. 1985a. Social organization, spatial distribution, and population density of wolves in relation to moose density. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:1068-1077.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.63 , pp. 1068-1077
    • Messier, F.1
  • 249
    • 0022226979 scopus 로고
    • Solitary living and extraterritorial movements of wolves in relation to social status and prey abundance
    • Messier, F. 1985b. Solitary living and extraterritorial movements of wolves in relation to social status and prey abundance. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:239-245.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.63 , pp. 239-245
    • Messier, F.1
  • 250
    • 0026080334 scopus 로고
    • The significance of limiting and regulating factors on the demography of moose and white-tailed deer
    • Messier, F. 1991. The significance of limiting and regulating factors on the demography of moose and white-tailed deer. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:377-393.
    • (1991) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 377-393
    • Messier, F.1
  • 251
    • 0028176254 scopus 로고
    • Ungulate population models with predation: A case study with the North American moose
    • Messier, F. 1994. Ungulate population models with predation: a case study with the North American moose. Ecology 75:478-488.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 478-488
    • Messier, F.1
  • 252
    • 0029167510 scopus 로고
    • Is there evidence for a cumulative effect of snow on moose and deer populations?
    • Messier, F. 1995a. Is there evidence for a cumulative effect of snow on moose and deer populations? Journal of Animal Ecology 64:136-140.
    • (1995) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 136-140
    • Messier, F.1
  • 253
    • 0002451993 scopus 로고
    • On the functional and numerical responses of wolves to changing prey densities
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Messier, F. 1995b. On the functional and numerical responses of wolves to changing prey densities. Pages 187-197 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 187-197
    • Messier, F.1
  • 254
    • 0022198010 scopus 로고
    • Surplus killing as exemplified by wolf predation on newborn caribou
    • Miller, F. L., A. Gunn, and E. Broughton. 1985. Surplus killing as exemplified by wolf predation on newborn caribou. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:295-300.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.63 , pp. 295-300
    • Miller, F.L.1    Gunn, A.2    Broughton, E.3
  • 256
    • 0031031940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and implications of species restoration in altered ecosystems: A spatial landscape projection of wolf population recovery
    • Mladenoff, D. J., R. G. Haight, T. A. Sickley, and A. P. Wydeven. 1997. Causes and implications of species restoration in altered ecosystems: a spatial landscape projection of wolf population recovery. BioScience 47:21-31.
    • (1997) BioScience , vol.47 , pp. 21-31
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Haight, R.G.2    Sickley, T.A.3    Wydeven, A.P.4
  • 257
    • 0031895514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing potential gray wolf restoration in the northeastern United States: A spatial prediction of favorable habitat and potential population levels
    • Mladenoff, D. J., and T. A. Sickley. 1998. Assessing potential gray wolf restoration in the northeastern United States: a spatial prediction of favorable habitat and potential population levels. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:1-10.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , pp. 1-10
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Sickley, T.A.2
  • 258
    • 0028974708 scopus 로고
    • A regional landscape analysis and prediction of favorable gray wolf habitat in the northern Great Lakes region
    • Mladenoff, D. J., and T. A. Sickley, R. G. Haight, and A. P. Wydeven. 1995. A regional landscape analysis and prediction of favorable gray wolf habitat in the northern Great Lakes region. Conservation Biology 9:279-294.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 279-294
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Sickley, T.A.2    Haight, R.G.3    Wydeven, A.P.4
  • 259
    • 0000178178 scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer reproductive biology in the Swan Valley, Montana
    • Mundiger, J. G. 1981. White-tailed deer reproductive biology in the Swan Valley, Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 45:132-139.
    • (1981) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.45 , pp. 132-139
    • Mundiger, J.G.1
  • 261
    • 0010811644 scopus 로고
    • A wolf-human encounter on Ellesmere Island, Canada
    • Munthe, K., and J. H. Hutchison. 1978. A wolf-human encounter on Ellesmere Island, Canada. Journal of Mammalogy 59:876-878.
    • (1978) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.59 , pp. 876-878
    • Munthe, K.1    Hutchison, J.H.2
  • 263
    • 0004261853 scopus 로고
    • Fauna of the National Parks of the United States, Fauna Series, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
    • Murie, A. 1944. The wolves of Mount McKinley. Fauna of the National Parks of the United States, Fauna Series, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
    • (1944) The Wolves of Mount McKinley
    • Murie, A.1
  • 264
    • 0004052844 scopus 로고
    • Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    • Murie, O. J. 1951. The Elk of North America. Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
    • (1951) The Elk of North America
    • Murie, O.J.1
  • 266
    • 0005659632 scopus 로고
    • Philosophy of wolf policies I: General principles and preliminary exploration of selected norms
    • Naess, A., and I. Mysterud. 1987. Philosophy of wolf policies I: general principles and preliminary exploration of selected norms. Conservation Biology 1:22-34.
    • (1987) Conservation Biology , vol.1 , pp. 22-34
    • Naess, A.1    Mysterud, I.2
  • 267
    • 0014816480 scopus 로고
    • Rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan canids
    • Neiland, K. A. 1970. Rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan canids. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 6:136-139.
    • (1970) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.6 , pp. 136-139
    • Neiland, K.A.1
  • 268
    • 0016414762 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan carnivores
    • Neiland, K. A. 1975. Further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 11:45-53.
    • (1975) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.11 , pp. 45-53
    • Neiland, K.A.1
  • 269
    • 0019559144 scopus 로고
    • Experimental Brucella suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild Alaskan carnivores
    • Neiland, K. A., and L. G. Miller. 1981. Experimental Brucella suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild Alaskan carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 17:183-189.
    • (1981) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.17 , pp. 183-189
    • Neiland, K.A.1    Miller, L.G.2
  • 272
    • 0006063370 scopus 로고
    • A perspective on the taxonomy of wolves in North America
    • L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management
    • Nowak, R. M. 1983. A perspective on the taxonomy of wolves in North America. 10-19 In L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series Number 45.
    • (1983) Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series Number 45 , pp. 10-19
    • Nowak, R.M.1
  • 273
    • 0000856191 scopus 로고
    • The red wolf is not a hybrid
    • Nowak, R. M. 1992. The red wolf is not a hybrid. Conservation Biology 6:593-595.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 593-595
    • Nowak, R.M.1
  • 274
    • 0002369641 scopus 로고
    • Another look at wolf taxonomy
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Nowak, R. M. 1995. Another look at wolf taxonomy. Pages 375-397 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 375-397
    • Nowak, R.M.1
  • 276
    • 0000104352 scopus 로고
    • Bureaucratic mischief: Recognizing endangered species and subspecies
    • O'Brien, S. J., and E. Mayr. 1991. Bureaucratic mischief: recognizing endangered species and subspecies. Science 251:1187-1188.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 1187-1188
    • O'Brien, S.J.1    Mayr, E.2
  • 277
    • 0000810020 scopus 로고
    • The law of wolves
    • O'Neill, B. B. 1988. The law of wolves. Environmental Law 18:227-240.
    • (1988) Environmental Law , vol.18 , pp. 227-240
    • O'Neill, B.B.1
  • 278
    • 1842648954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January Washington State Data Center, Olympia, Washington
    • Office of Financial Management. January 1998. Information Quarterly. Washington State Data Center, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1998) Information Quarterly
  • 281
    • 0026313382 scopus 로고
    • Winter spatial relationships of wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
    • Paquet, P. C. 1991. Winter spatial relationships of wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Journal of Mammalogy 72:397-401.
    • (1991) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.72 , pp. 397-401
    • Paquet, P.C.1
  • 282
    • 0027089495 scopus 로고
    • Prey use strategies of sympatric wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
    • Paquet, P. C. 1992. Prey use strategies of sympatric wolves and coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Journal of Mammalogy 73:337-343.
    • (1992) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.73 , pp. 337-343
    • Paquet, P.C.1
  • 283
    • 0001204227 scopus 로고
    • Wolves, Canis lupus, killing denning black bears, Ursus americanus, in the Riding Mountain National Park Area
    • Paquet, P. C., and L. N. Carbyn. 1986. Wolves, Canis lupus, killing denning black bears, Ursus americanus, in the Riding Mountain National Park Area. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 100:371-372.
    • (1986) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 371-372
    • Paquet, P.C.1    Carbyn, L.N.2
  • 284
    • 0026282130 scopus 로고
    • Application of the experimental population designation to recovery of endangered red wolves
    • Parker, W. T., and M. K. Phillips. 1991. Application of the experimental population designation to recovery of endangered red wolves. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19:73-79.
    • (1991) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 73-79
    • Parker, W.T.1    Phillips, M.K.2
  • 286
    • 0344925392 scopus 로고
    • Status of the Mexican wolf recovery program in the United States
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Parsons, D. R., and J. E. Nicholopoulos. 1995. Status of the Mexican wolf recovery program in the United States. Pages 141-146 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 141-146
    • Parsons, D.R.1    Nicholopoulos, J.E.2
  • 287
  • 288
    • 1842648955 scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in Alaskan wolves
    • Harrington, G. H., and P. C. Paquet (editors), Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • Pedersen, S. 1982. Geographical variation in Alaskan wolves. Pages 345-360 In Harrington, G. H., and P. C. Paquet (editors), Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 345-360
    • Pedersen, S.1
  • 290
    • 1842800104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status and conservation of the Alexander Archipelago wolf in southeastern Alaska
    • N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • Person, D. K., M. A. Ingle, M. D. Kirchhoff, and R. T. Bowyer. 1996. The status and conservation of the Alexander Archipelago wolf in southeastern Alaska. Pages 87-94 In N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference , pp. 87-94
    • Person, D.K.1    Ingle, M.A.2    Kirchhoff, M.D.3    Bowyer, R.T.4
  • 291
    • 1842749555 scopus 로고
    • A record of a timber wolf attacking a man
    • Peterson, R. L. 1947. A record of a timber wolf attacking a man. Journal of mammalogy 28:294-295.
    • (1947) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.28 , pp. 294-295
    • Peterson, R.L.1
  • 293
    • 0000572954 scopus 로고
    • Wolves as interspecific competitors in canid ecology
    • L. S. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Peterson, R. O. 1995. Wolves as interspecific competitors in canid ecology. Pages 315-323 In L. S. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 315-323
    • Peterson, R.O.1
  • 295
    • 0001692565 scopus 로고
    • There's always something new under the "parasitological" sun (the unique story of helminthborne salmon poisoning disease)
    • Philip, C. B. 1955. There's always something new under the "parasitological" sun (the unique story of helminthborne salmon poisoning disease). Journal of Parasitology 41:125-148.
    • (1955) Journal of Parasitology , vol.41 , pp. 125-148
    • Philip, C.B.1
  • 296
    • 1842800038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of reintroduction as a tool for recovering gray wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Area
    • Phillips, M. K. 1997. Assessment of reintroduction as a tool for recovering gray wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Re-introduction News 14:6-9.
    • (1997) Re-introduction News , vol.14 , pp. 6-9
    • Phillips, M.K.1
  • 301
    • 0002583553 scopus 로고
    • Red wolf reintroduction program
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Phillips, M. K., R. Smith, V. G. Henry, and C. Lucash. 1995. Red wolf reintroduction program. Pages 157-168 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 157-168
    • Phillips, M.K.1    Smith, R.2    Henry, V.G.3    Lucash, C.4
  • 302
    • 1842749497 scopus 로고
    • Harvest studies
    • Project W69-R-4. Game Management Division, Washington Department of Game, Olympia, Washington
    • Pierson, D. J. 1963. Harvest studies. Quarterly progress report, Roosevelt elk study. Project W69-R-4. Game Management Division, Washington Department of Game, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1963) Quarterly Progress Report, Roosevelt Elk Study
    • Pierson, D.J.1
  • 303
    • 0031840945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for wolf-coyote hybridization in the Rocky Mountains using mitochondrial DNA
    • Pilgrim, K. L., D. K. Boyd, and S. H. Forbes. 1998. Testing for wolf-coyote hybridization in the Rocky Mountains using mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:683-689.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , pp. 683-689
    • Pilgrim, K.L.1    Boyd, D.K.2    Forbes, S.H.3
  • 304
    • 0000750551 scopus 로고
    • Wolf predation and ungulate populations
    • Pimlott, D. H. 1967. Wolf predation and ungulate populations. American Zoologist 7:267-278.
    • (1967) American Zoologist , vol.7 , pp. 267-278
    • Pimlott, D.H.1
  • 306
    • 1842800041 scopus 로고
    • Quileute
    • W. Suttles (editor), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
    • Powell, J. V. 1990. Quileute. Pages 431-437 In W. Suttles (editor), Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
    • (1990) Handbook of North American Indians , pp. 431-437
    • Powell, J.V.1
  • 307
    • 1842699194 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of intrinsic growth rates in three elk populations in Washington
    • D. L. Eastman (editor). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon
    • Raedeke, K. J., E. H. Merrill, and S. M. McCorquodale. 1986. Estimates of intrinsic growth rates in three elk populations in Washington. Pages 235-244 In D. L. Eastman (editor). Proceedings of the Western States and Provinces elk workshop. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon.
    • (1986) Proceedings of the Western States and Provinces Elk Workshop , pp. 235-244
    • Raedeke, K.J.1    Merrill, E.H.2    McCorquodale, S.M.3
  • 310
    • 0009484104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnivore reintroductions: An interdisciplinary examination
    • J. L. Gittleman (editor), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
    • Reading, R. P., and T. W. Clark. 1996. Carnivore reintroductions: an interdisciplinary examination. Pages 296-336 In J. L. Gittleman (editor), Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
    • (1996) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution , pp. 296-336
    • Reading, R.P.1    Clark, T.W.2
  • 311
    • 1842648876 scopus 로고
    • Tales from the Hoh and Quileute
    • Reagan, A. B., and L. V. W. Walters. 1933. Tales from the Hoh and Quileute. Folk Lore 46:297-346.
    • (1933) Folk Lore , vol.46 , pp. 297-346
    • Reagan, A.B.1    Walters, L.V.W.2
  • 314
    • 1842800046 scopus 로고
    • Makah
    • Suttles, W. (editor), Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
    • Renker, A. M., and E. Gunther. 1990. Makah. Pages 422-430 In Suttles, W. (editor), Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
    • (1990) Handbook of North American Indians , pp. 422-430
    • Renker, A.M.1    Gunther, E.2
  • 315
    • 0007656553 scopus 로고
    • Mountain goat
    • J. L. Schmidt, and D. L. Gilbert (editors), Stackpole Books. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    • Rideout, C. B. 1978. Mountain goat. Pages 149-160 In J. L. Schmidt, and D. L. Gilbert (editors), Big Game of North America. Stackpole Books. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
    • (1978) Big Game of North America , pp. 149-160
    • Rideout, C.B.1
  • 316
    • 0001446753 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of wolves and black bears in northeastern Minnesota
    • Rogers, L. L., and L. D. Mech. 1981. Interactions of wolves and black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Mammalogy 62:434-436.
    • (1981) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.62 , pp. 434-436
    • Rogers, L.L.1    Mech, L.D.2
  • 318
    • 0005785233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of the red wolf in northeastern North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: An analysis of the social and economic impacts
    • N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Defenders of Wildlife. Washington, D.C.
    • Rosen, W. E. 1996. Recovery of the red wolf in northeastern North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: an analysis of the social and economic impacts. Pages 172-177 In N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Defenders of Wildlife. Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference , pp. 172-177
    • Rosen, W.E.1
  • 319
    • 1842648951 scopus 로고
    • Leptospirosis
    • J. W. Davis, L. H. Karstad, and D. O. Trainer (editors), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa
    • Roth, E. E. 1970. Leptospirosis. Pages 293-303 In J. W. Davis, L. H. Karstad, and D. O. Trainer (editors), Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
    • (1970) Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals , pp. 293-303
    • Roth, E.E.1
  • 320
    • 0001639125 scopus 로고
    • Refinements in scent-station methodology for assessing trends in carnivore populations
    • Roughton, R. D., and M. W. Sweeny. 1982. Refinements in scent-station methodology for assessing trends in carnivore populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:217-229.
    • (1982) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.46 , pp. 217-229
    • Roughton, R.D.1    Sweeny, M.W.2
  • 321
    • 0028308779 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci
    • Roy, M. S., E. Geffen, D. Smith, E. A. Ostrander, and R. K. Wayne. 1994. Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11:553-570.
    • (1994) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 553-570
    • Roy, M.S.1    Geffen, E.2    Smith, D.3    Ostrander, E.A.4    Wayne, R.K.5
  • 322
    • 0018244055 scopus 로고
    • Helminths in coyotes (Canis latrans S.), wolves (Canis lupus L.), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) of southwestern Manitoba
    • Samuel, W. M., S. Ramalingam, and L. N. Carbyn. 1978. Helminths in coyotes (Canis latrans S.), wolves (Canis lupus L.), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) of southwestern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56:2614-2617.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.56 , pp. 2614-2617
    • Samuel, W.M.1    Ramalingam, S.2    Carbyn, L.N.3
  • 324
    • 0027137710 scopus 로고
    • The Olympic goat controversy: A perspective
    • Scheffer, V. B. 1993. The Olympic goat controversy: a perspective. Conservation Biology 7:916-919.
    • (1993) Conservation Biology , vol.7 , pp. 916-919
    • Scheffer, V.B.1
  • 326
    • 0011947460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer, region 6
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Schirato, G. 1996. Deer, region 6. Pages 50-54 In Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1996 Game status and trend report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1996) Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1996 Game Status and Trend Report , pp. 50-54
    • Schirato, G.1
  • 327
    • 1842749554 scopus 로고
    • Timber management and deer in southeast Alaska: Current problems and research directions
    • O. C. Wallmo, and J. W. Schoen (editors), U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Region 10, Juneau, Alaska
    • Schoen, J. W., and O. C. Wallmo. 1979. Timber management and deer in southeast Alaska: current problems and research directions. Pages 69-85 In O. C. Wallmo, and J. W. Schoen (editors), Proceedings of the Sitka blacktailed deer conference. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Region 10, Juneau, Alaska.
    • (1979) Proceedings of the Sitka Blacktailed Deer Conference , pp. 69-85
    • Schoen, J.W.1    Wallmo, O.C.2
  • 328
    • 0022178663 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal distribution and home-range patterns of Sitka black-tailed deer on Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska
    • Schoen, J. W., and M. D. Kirchhoff. 1985. Seasonal distribution and home-range patterns of Sitka black-tailed deer on Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:96-103.
    • (1985) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.49 , pp. 96-103
    • Schoen, J.W.1    Kirchhoff, M.D.2
  • 330
    • 0019030882 scopus 로고
    • Food habits of two Vancouver Island wolf packs: A preliminary study
    • Scott, B. M. V., and D. M. Shackleton. 1980. Food habits of two Vancouver Island wolf packs: a preliminary study. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58:1203-1207.
    • (1980) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.58 , pp. 1203-1207
    • Scott, B.M.V.1    Shackleton, D.M.2
  • 332
    • 0027064320 scopus 로고
    • Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and their interrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern British Columbia
    • Seip, D. R. 1992. Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and their interrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:1494-1503.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.70 , pp. 1494-1503
    • Seip, D.R.1
  • 333
    • 5844293360 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation among the wolves of the Alexander Archipelago
    • University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
    • Shields, G. F. 1995. Genetic variation among the wolves of the Alexander Archipelago. Final report to Alaska Department of Fish and Game. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska.
    • (1995) Final Report to Alaska Department of Fish and Game
    • Shields, G.F.1
  • 334
    • 0343717545 scopus 로고
    • Some predictions concerning a wolf recovery into Yellowstone National Park: How wolf recovery may affect visitors, ungulates, and other predators
    • Singer, F. J. 1991. Some predictions concerning a wolf recovery into Yellowstone National Park: How wolf recovery may affect visitors, ungulates, and other predators. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 56:567-583.
    • (1991) Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference , vol.56 , pp. 567-583
    • Singer, F.J.1
  • 335
    • 1842800093 scopus 로고
    • The morphological relationship of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in national parks of central Canada
    • Skeel, M. A., and L. N. Carbyn. 1977. The morphological relationship of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in national parks of central Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55:737-747.
    • (1977) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.55 , pp. 737-747
    • Skeel, M.A.1    Carbyn, L.N.2
  • 336
    • 0022831118 scopus 로고
    • Rates and causes of mortality in mountain goats in southeast Alaska
    • Smith, C. A. 1986. Rates and causes of mortality in mountain goats in southeast Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 50:743-746.
    • (1986) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.50 , pp. 743-746
    • Smith, C.A.1
  • 340
    • 1842699188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of wolves and other wildlife in Yellowstone National Park
    • N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • Smith, D. W., M. K. Phillips, and R. L. Crabtree. 1996. Interactions of wolves and other wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 140-145 In N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference , pp. 140-145
    • Smith, D.W.1    Phillips, M.K.2    Crabtree, R.L.3
  • 341
    • 0007796260 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive rates, age structure and management of Roosevelt elk in Washington's Olympic Mountains
    • W. MacGregor (editor), British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch, Cranbrook, British Columbia
    • Smith, J. L. 1980. Reproductive rates, age structure and management of Roosevelt elk in Washington's Olympic Mountains. Pages 67-111 In W. MacGregor (editor), Proceedings of the western states elk workshop. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch, Cranbrook, British Columbia.
    • (1980) Proceedings of the Western States Elk Workshop , pp. 67-111
    • Smith, J.L.1
  • 343
    • 0039628549 scopus 로고
    • The Puyallup Nisqually
    • Columbia University, New York
    • Smith, M. W. 1940. The Puyallup Nisqually. Contributions to Anthropology, Columbia University, New York.
    • (1940) Contributions to Anthropology
    • Smith, M.W.1
  • 344
    • 0002939299 scopus 로고
    • Thresholds for survival: Maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential
    • Soulé, M. E., and B. A. Wilcox (editors), Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • Soulé, M. E. 1980. Thresholds for survival: maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential. Pages 151-170 In Soulé, M. E., and B. A. Wilcox (editors), Conservation Biology: an Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1980) Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective , pp. 151-170
    • Soulé, M.E.1
  • 346
    • 0020198447 scopus 로고
    • Serologic survey for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis in wolves in Alaska
    • Stephenson, R. O., D. G. Ritter, and C. A. Nielsen. 1982. Serologic survey for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis in wolves in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18:419-424.
    • (1982) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.18 , pp. 419-424
    • Stephenson, R.O.1    Ritter, D.G.2    Nielsen, C.A.3
  • 347
    • 0141934605 scopus 로고
    • Central coast Salish
    • W. Suttles (editor), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
    • Suttles, W. 1990. Central coast Salish. Pages 453-475 In W. Suttles (editor), Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
    • (1990) Handbook of North American Indians , pp. 453-475
    • Suttles, W.1
  • 349
    • 0009659087 scopus 로고
    • Studies of black-tailed deer reproduction on three chaparral cover types
    • Taber, R. D. 1953. Studies of black-tailed deer reproduction on three chaparral cover types. California Fish and Game 39:177-186.
    • (1953) California Fish and Game , vol.39 , pp. 177-186
    • Taber, R.D.1
  • 350
    • 0000979713 scopus 로고
    • Winter habitat selection by moose and whitetailed deer
    • Telfer, E. S. 1970. Winter habitat selection by moose and whitetailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 34:553-559.
    • (1970) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.34 , pp. 553-559
    • Telfer, E.S.1
  • 351
    • 0007435059 scopus 로고
    • The existing and potential importance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in Canadian wildlife: A review
    • Tessaro, S. V. 1986. The existing and potential importance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in Canadian wildlife: a review. Canadian Veterinary Journal 27:119-124.
    • (1986) Canadian Veterinary Journal , vol.27 , pp. 119-124
    • Tessaro, S.V.1
  • 352
    • 1842800103 scopus 로고
    • Considerations in wolf management related to genetic variability and adaptive change
    • L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management
    • Theberge, J. B. 1983. Considerations in wolf management related to genetic variability and adaptive change. Pages 86-89 In L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45.
    • (1983) Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45 , pp. 86-89
    • Theberge, J.B.1
  • 353
    • 0038712023 scopus 로고
    • Ecological classification, status, and management of the gray wolf, Canis lupus, in Canada
    • Theberge, J. B. 1991. Ecological classification, status, and management of the gray wolf, Canis lupus, in Canada. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 105:459-463.
    • (1991) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.105 , pp. 459-463
    • Theberge, J.B.1
  • 354
  • 356
    • 0022193129 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between road densities and wolf habitat suitability in Wisconsin
    • Thiel, R. P. 1985. Relationships between road densities and wolf habitat suitability in Wisconsin. The American Midland Naturalist 113:405-407.
    • (1985) The American Midland Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 405-407
    • Thiel, R.P.1
  • 357
    • 0009816704 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific fertility of female Columbian black-tailed deer
    • Thomas, D. C. 1983. Age-specific fertility of female Columbian black-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:501-506.
    • (1983) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.47 , pp. 501-506
    • Thomas, D.C.1
  • 358
    • 0016686719 scopus 로고
    • The pattern of reproduction in female Columbian black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus
    • Thomas, D. C., and I. M. Cowan. 1975. The pattern of reproduction in female Columbian black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44:261-272.
    • (1975) Journal of Reproduction and Fertility , vol.44 , pp. 261-272
    • Thomas, D.C.1    Cowan, I.M.2
  • 361
    • 1842648878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western micropolitan areas top nation in growth potential
    • report 51
    • Thomas, S. 1998. Western micropolitan areas top nation in growth potential. Demographics Journal, report 51. American City Business Journal [cited June 10, 1998]. Available online at webmaster@amcity.com.
    • (1998) Demographics Journal
    • Thomas, S.1
  • 362
    • 1842749502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cited June 10, 1998. Available online at webmaster@amcity.com
    • Thomas, S. 1998. Western micropolitan areas top nation in growth potential. Demographics Journal, report 51. American City Business Journal [cited June 10, 1998]. Available online at webmaster@amcity.com.
    • American City Business Journal
  • 366
    • 0001512310 scopus 로고
    • Problem wolf management in British Columbia: Conflict and program evaluation
    • L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management
    • Tompa, F. S. 1983. Problem wolf management in British Columbia: conflict and program evaluation. Pages 112-119 In L. N. Carbyn (editor), Wolves in Canada and Alaska: their status, biology, and management. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45.
    • (1983) Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 45 , pp. 112-119
    • Tompa, F.S.1
  • 368
    • 0000492962 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of hunters and residents toward wolves in northwestern Montana
    • Tucker, P., and D. H. Fleischer. 1989. Attitudes of hunters and residents toward wolves in northwestern Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17:509-514.
    • (1989) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.17 , pp. 509-514
    • Tucker, P.1    Fleischer, D.H.2
  • 369
    • 0030440068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land ownership and land cover change in the southern Appalachian highlands and the Olympic Peninsula
    • Turner, M. G., D. N. Wear, and R. O. Flamm. 1996. Land ownership and land cover change in the southern Appalachian highlands and the Olympic Peninsula. Ecological Applications 6:1150-1172.
    • (1996) Ecological Applications , vol.6 , pp. 1150-1172
    • Turner, M.G.1    Wear, D.N.2    Flamm, R.O.3
  • 370
    • 1842749503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • th Cir. 1998)
    • th Cir. 1998).
  • 371
    • 1842699189 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration CP-2-49. Washington, D.C.
    • U.S. Census Bureau. 1990. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration CP-2-49. Washington, D.C.
    • (1990)
  • 373
    • 0011243640 scopus 로고
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1982. Mexican wolf recovery plan. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
    • (1982) Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan
  • 374
    • 0010329448 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1984. Red wolf recovery plan. Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia.
    • (1984) Red Wolf Recovery Plan
  • 375
    • 0003968514 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. Northern Rocky Mountain wolf recovery plan. Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1987) Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan
  • 377
    • 0010329448 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1989. Red wolf recovery/species survival plan. Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia.
    • (1989) Red Wolf Recovery/species Survival Plan
  • 378
    • 0003643641 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minnesota
    • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Recovery plan for the eastern timber wolf. Unpublished report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minnesota.
    • (1992) Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf
  • 381
    • 0006228424 scopus 로고
    • Projecting the potential effects of wolf predation on elk and mule deer
    • L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication No. 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Vales, D. J., and J. M. Peek. 1995. Projecting the potential effects of wolf predation on elk and mule deer in the east front portion of the northwest Montana wolf recovery area. Pages 211-221 In L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication No. 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 211-221
    • Vales, D.J.1    Peek, J.M.2
  • 383
    • 1842795341 scopus 로고
    • Predation on deer in relation to old-growth forest management in southeastern Alaska
    • W. R. Meehan, T. R. Merrell, Jr., and T. A. Hanley (editors), American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Juneau, Alaska
    • Van Ballenberghe, V., and T. A. Hanley. 1984. Predation on deer in relation to old-growth forest management in southeastern Alaska. Pages 291-302 in W. R. Meehan, T. R. Merrell, Jr., and T. A. Hanley (editors), Fish and wildlife relationships in old-growth forests. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Juneau, Alaska.
    • (1984) Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-growth Forests , pp. 291-302
    • Van Ballenberghe, V.1    Hanley, T.A.2
  • 385
    • 0001688348 scopus 로고
    • Coyote
    • M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch (editors), Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, Ontario
    • Voight, D. R., and W. E. Berg. 1987. Coyote. Pages 344-357 In M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch (editors), Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America. Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, Ontario.
    • (1987) Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America , pp. 344-357
    • Voight, D.R.1    Berg, W.E.2
  • 387
    • 1842648931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZA species survival plan profile: Red wolves
    • Waddell, W. 1996. AZA species survival plan profile: red wolves. Endangered Species Update 13:10-11.
    • (1996) Endangered Species Update , vol.13 , pp. 10-11
    • Waddell, W.1
  • 388
    • 0002245787 scopus 로고
    • Mule and black-tailed deer distribution and habitats
    • Wallmo, O. C. (editor), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
    • Wallmo, O. C. 1981. Mule and black-tailed deer distribution and habitats. Pages 1-26 In Wallmo, O. C. (editor), Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.
    • (1981) Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America , pp. 1-26
    • Wallmo, O.C.1
  • 389
    • 1842648934 scopus 로고
    • Snow, winter distribution, and population dynamics of mule deer in the central Rocky Mountains
    • Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
    • Wallmo, O. C., and R. B. Gill. 1971. Snow, winter distribution, and population dynamics of mule deer in the central Rocky Mountains. Pages 1-15 In Proceedings of the snow and ice in relation to wildlife and recreation symposium. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
    • (1971) Proceedings of the Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildlife and Recreation Symposium , pp. 1-15
    • Wallmo, O.C.1    Gill, R.B.2
  • 390
    • 1842749549 scopus 로고
    • Forest management for deer
    • O. C. Wallmo (editor), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
    • Wallmo, O. C., and J. W. Schoen. 1981. Forest management for deer. Pages 434-448 In O. C. Wallmo (editor), Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.
    • (1981) Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America , pp. 434-448
    • Wallmo, O.C.1    Schoen, J.W.2
  • 391
    • 1842648948 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1977. Big game status reports 1976-1977. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1977) Big Game Status Reports 1976-1977
  • 392
    • 1842699182 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1978. Big game status reports 1977-1978. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1978) Big Game Status Reports 1977-1978
  • 393
    • 1842749542 scopus 로고
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1983. Big game status report 1982-1983 summary edition. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1983) Big Game Status Report 1982-1983 Summary Edition
  • 394
    • 1842749546 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1983. Big game status reports 1980-1981-1982. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1983) Big Game Status Reports 1980-1981-1982
  • 395
    • 1842800089 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1985. 1983-1985 Big game status report. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Game Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1985) 1983-1985 Big Game Status Report
  • 396
    • 1842699187 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1985. Big game harvest report 1984-1985. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1985) Big Game Harvest Report 1984-1985
  • 397
    • 1842699181 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1987. Big game harvest report 1986-1987. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1987) Big Game Harvest Report 1986-1987
  • 398
    • 1842800088 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1988. Big game harvest report 1987-88. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1988) Big Game Harvest Report 1987-88
  • 399
    • 1842648944 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1989. Big game harvest report 1988-89. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1989) Big Game Harvest Report 1988-89
  • 400
    • 1842648883 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1990. 1989-1990 Big game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1990) 1989-1990 Big Game Harvest Report
  • 401
    • 1842648932 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1991. 1991 game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1991) 1991 Game Harvest Report
  • 402
    • 1842648937 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1992. 1992 game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1992) 1992 Game Harvest Report
  • 403
    • 1842749504 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1993. 1993 game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1993) 1993 Game Harvest Report
  • 404
    • 1842800080 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1994. 1994 game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1994) 1994 Game Harvest Report
  • 405
    • 1842699169 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1995. 1995 game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1995) 1995 Game Harvest Report
  • 406
    • 1842749538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Division, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1996. Big game harvest report 1995-1996. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Division, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1996) Big Game Harvest Report 1995-1996
  • 407
    • 1842648938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1997. 1996 game status and trend report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1997) 1996 Game Status and Trend Report
  • 408
    • 1842749539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1998. 1997 game harvest report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1998) 1997 Game Harvest Report
  • 409
    • 1842648936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepared by Dean Runyan Associates, Olympia, Washington
    • Washington State Department of Community, Trade, and Economic Development 1997. Washington State 1991-1997 travel impacts and visitor volume. Prepared by Dean Runyan Associates, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1997) Washington State 1991-1997 Travel Impacts and Visitor Volume
  • 410
    • 0347509575 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the ethnology of the Indians of Puget Sound
    • Museum of the American Indian. Heye Foundation, New York
    • Waterman, T. T. 1973. Notes on the ethnology of the Indians of Puget Sound. Indian Notes and Monographs 59. Museum of the American Indian. Heye Foundation, New York.
    • (1973) Indian Notes and Monographs 59
    • Waterman, T.T.1
  • 411
    • 0000849441 scopus 로고
    • On the use of morphologic and molecular genetic characters to investigate species status
    • Wayne, R. K. 1992. On the use of morphologic and molecular genetic characters to investigate species status. Conservation Biology 6:590-592.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 590-592
    • Wayne, R.K.1
  • 412
    • 0002870890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation genetics in the Canidae
    • J. C. Avise, and J. L. Hamrick (editors), Chapman and Hall, New York
    • Wayne, R. K., 1996. Conservation genetics in the Canidae. Pages 75-118 In J. C. Avise, and J. L. Hamrick (editors), Conservation Genetics: Case Histories from Nature. Chapman and Hall, New York.
    • (1996) Conservation Genetics: Case Histories from Nature , pp. 75-118
    • Wayne, R.K.1
  • 413
    • 12044252105 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus
    • Wayne, R. K., and S. M. Jenks. 1991. Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus. Nature 351:565-568.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 565-568
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Jenks, S.M.2
  • 415
    • 0027028928 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA variability of the gray wolf: Genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation
    • Wayne, R. K., N. Lehman, M. W. Allard, and R. L. Honeycutt. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA variability of the gray wolf: genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation. Conservation Biology 6:559-569.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 559-569
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Lehman, N.2    Allard, M.W.3    Honeycutt, R.L.4
  • 416
    • 1842800082 scopus 로고
    • Description of remains of deer fawns killed by coyotes
    • White, M. 1973. Description of remains of deer fawns killed by coyotes. Journal of Mammalogy 54:291-293.
    • (1973) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.54 , pp. 291-293
    • White, M.1
  • 417
    • 0000051652 scopus 로고
    • A cougar, Felis concolor, kitten killed and eaten by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in Glacier National Park, Montana
    • White, P. A., and D. K. Boyd. 1989. A cougar, Felis concolor, kitten killed and eaten by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in Glacier National Park, Montana. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:408-409.
    • (1989) The Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.103 , pp. 408-409
    • White, P.A.1    Boyd, D.K.2
  • 419
    • 0031409139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The wolf in Yellowstone: Science, symbol, or politics? Deconstructing the conflict between environmentalism and wise use
    • Wilson, M. A. 1997. The wolf in Yellowstone: science, symbol, or politics? Deconstructing the conflict between environmentalism and wise use. Society and Natural Resources 10:453-468.
    • (1997) Society and Natural Resources , vol.10 , pp. 453-468
    • Wilson, M.A.1
  • 420
    • 1842800084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular-genetic estimate of the extent of wolf-coyote hybridization in the wolf population of Algonquin Park, Ontario
    • N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • Wilson, P. J., S. Grewal, A. Sipak, J. B. Theberge, M. T. Theberge, and B. N. White. 1996. A molecular-genetic estimate of the extent of wolf-coyote hybridization in the wolf population of Algonquin Park, Ontario. Pages 204-207 In N. Fascione, and M. Cecil (editors), Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference , pp. 204-207
    • Wilson, P.J.1    Grewal, S.2    Sipak, A.3    Theberge, J.B.4    Theberge, M.T.5    White, B.N.6
  • 421
    • 0020926219 scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by female Roosevelt elk in the Oregon coast range
    • Witmer, G. W. and D. S. deCalesta. 1983. Habitat use by female Roosevelt elk in the Oregon coast range. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:933-939.
    • (1983) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.47 , pp. 933-939
    • Witmer, G.W.1    DeCalesta, D.S.2
  • 423
    • 0006492267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, Washington
    • Wray, J. 1997. Ethnographic overview and assessment. Unpublished report, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, Washington.
    • (1997) Ethnographic Overview and Assessment
    • Wray, J.1
  • 425
    • 0344419205 scopus 로고
    • Response of big sagebrush and three-tip sagebrush to season of clipping
    • Wright, H. A. 1970. Response of big sagebrush and three-tip sagebrush to season of clipping. Journal of Range Management 23:20-22.
    • (1970) Journal of Range Management , vol.23 , pp. 20-22
    • Wright, H.A.1
  • 426
    • 0003027861 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of a recovering gray wolf population in Wisconsin, 1979-1991
    • L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta
    • Wydeven, A. P., R. N. Schultz, and R. P. Thiel. 1995. Monitoring of a recovering gray wolf population in Wisconsin, 1979-1991. Pages 147-156 In L. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip (editors), Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35. University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World , pp. 147-156
    • Wydeven, A.P.1    Schultz, R.N.2    Thiel, R.P.3
  • 427
    • 1842699186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation V. Babbitt, 987 F. Supp. 1349 (D.Wyo. 1997)
    • Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation V. Babbitt, 987 F. Supp. 1349 (D.Wyo. 1997).
  • 428
    • 1842800091 scopus 로고
    • Prepared by Yellowstone National Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Wyoming, University of Idaho, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team and the University of Minnesota Cooperative Park Studies Unit. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming
    • Yellowstone National Park 1990. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. Prepared by Yellowstone National Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Wyoming, University of Idaho, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team and the University of Minnesota Cooperative Park Studies Unit. U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming.
    • (1990) Wolves for Yellowstone? A Report to the United States Congress
  • 429
    • 0003806085 scopus 로고
    • The American Wildlife Institute, Washington, D.C.
    • Young, S. P. 1944. The wolves of North America. The American Wildlife Institute, Washington, D.C.
    • (1944) The Wolves of North America
    • Young, S.P.1
  • 430
    • 1842648946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elk, region 6
    • Wildlife Management Program, Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Zahn, H. M. 1996. Elk, region 6. Pages 105-107 In 1996 Game status and trend report. Wildlife Management Program, Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1996) 1996 Game Status and Trend Report , pp. 105-107
    • Zahn, H.M.1
  • 431
    • 0011939847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer, region 6
    • Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington
    • Zahn, H. M. 1997. Deer, region 6. Pages 81-84 In 1997 Game status and trend report. Unpublished report, Wildlife Management Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1997) 1997 Game Status and Trend Report , pp. 81-84
    • Zahn, H.M.1
  • 432
    • 0023171337 scopus 로고
    • Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in Alaska, 1975-1982
    • Zarnke, R. L., and W. B. Ballard. 1987. Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in Alaska, 1975-1982. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 23:77-85.
    • (1987) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.23 , pp. 77-85
    • Zarnke, R.L.1    Ballard, W.B.2
  • 433
    • 1842749547 scopus 로고
    • A native returns: The Endangered Species Act and wolf reintroduction to the northern Rocky Mountains
    • Zuccotti, J. A. 1995. A native returns: the Endangered Species Act and wolf reintroduction to the northern Rocky Mountains. Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 20:329-360.
    • (1995) Columbia Journal of Environmental Law , vol.20 , pp. 329-360
    • Zuccotti, J.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.