Glaciological response to distal tephra fallout from the 1947 eruption of Hekla, south Iceland

Journal of Glaciology

Volumn 49, Issue 166, 2003, Pages 420-428

  Kirkbride, Martin P ^a   Dugmore, Andrew J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABLATION; ALBEDO; DEPOSITION; GLACIER; TEPHRA; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

ARCTIC; ICELAND;

EID: 1842715125     PISSN: 00221430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3189/172756503781830575     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adhikary, S., K. Seko, M. Nakawo, Y. Ageta and N. Miyazaki. 1997. Effect of surface dust on snow melt. Bull. Glacier Res. 15, 85-92.
2. Adhikary, S., M. Nakawo, K, Seko and B. Shakya. 2000. Dust influence on the melting process of glacier ice: experimental results from Lirung Glacier, Nepal Himalayas. International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 264 (Symposium at Seattle 2000 - Debris-Covered Glaciers), 43-52.
3. Ahlmann, H. W. and S. Thórarinsson. 1938. The ablation. Geogr. Ann., 20(3-4), 171-233.
4. Bozhinskiy, A. N., M. S. Krass and V. V. Popovnin. 1986. Role of debris cover in the thermal physics of glaciers. J. Glaciol., 32(111), 255-266.
5. Bradwell, T. 2001. A new lichenometric dating curve for southeast Iceland. Geogr. Ann., 83A(3), 91-101.
6. Branney, M. J. and J. S. Gilbert. 1995. Ice-melt collapse pits and associated features in the 1991 lahar deposits of Volcan-Hudson, Chile: criteria to distinguish eruption-induced glacier melt. Bull. Volcanol., 57(5), 293-302.
7. Brugman, M. M. and M. F. Meier. 1981. Response of glaciers to eruptions of Mount St. Helens. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1250, 743-756.
8. Clark, S. P., Jr. 1966. Section 21. Thermal conductivity. In Clark, S. P., Jr, ed. Handbook of physical constants. Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America, 459-482. (GSA Memoir 97.)
9. Driedger, C. L. 1981. Effect of ash thickness on snow ablation. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1250, 757-760.
10. Dugmore, A. J. 1989. Tephrochronological studies of Holocene glacier fluctuations in south Iceland. Glacier fluctuations and climatic change. In Oerlemans, J., ed. Glacier fluctuations and climatic change. Dordrecht, etc., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 37-55.
11. Dugmore, A. J., J. S. Shore, G. T. Cook, A. J. Newton, K. J. Edwards and G. Larsen. 1995. The radiocarbon dating of tephra layers in Britain and Iceland. Radiocarbon, 37, 286-295.
12. Evans, D. J. A., S. Archer and D. J. H. Wilson. 1999. A comparison of the lichenometric and Schmidt hammer dating techniques based on data from the proglacial area of some Icelandic glaciers. Quat. Sci. Rev. 18(1), 13-41.
13. Eypórsson, J. 1963. Variations of Icelandic glaciers 1931-1960. Jökull, 13, 31-33.
14. Fujii, Y. 1977. Field experiment on glacier ablation under a layer of debris cover. Seppyo, Special Issue 39, 20-21.
15. Gudmundsson, H. J. 1997. A review of the Holocene environmental history of Iceland. Quat. Sci. Rev., 16(1), 81-92.
16. Gudmundsson, H. J. 1998. Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephrochronology of the Oræfi district, Iceland. (Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.)
17. Humlum, O. 1996. Origin of rock glaciers: observations from Mellemfjord, Disko Island, central west Greenland. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 7(4), 361-380.
18. Hunt, J. B. 1994. The mobility and redeposition of the Hekla 1991 tephra, and the effects of wind and snow. Münch. Geogr. Abh., Ser. B, 12, 157-175.
19. Jóhannesson, T. and O. Sigur∂sson. 1998. Interpretation of glacier variations in Iceland 1930-1995, Jökull, 45, 27-33.
20. Kayastha, R. B., Y. Takeuchi, M. Nakawo and Y. Ageta. 2000. Practical prediction of ice melting beneath various thickness of debris cover on Khumbu Glacier, Nepal using a positive degree-day factor. International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 264 (Symposium at Seattle 2000 - Debris-Covered Glaciers), 71-81.
21. Khan, M. I. 1989. Ablation on Barpu Glacier, Karakoram Himalaya, Pakistan: a study of melt processes on a faceted, debris-covered ice surface. (M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario.)
22. Kirkbride, M. P. 2000. Ice-marginal geomorphology and Holocene expansion of debris-covered Tasman Glacier, New Zealand. International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 264 (Symposium at Seattle 2000 - Debris-Covered Glaciers), 211-217.
23. Kirkbride, M. P. 2002. Icelandic climate and glacier fluctuations through the termination of the "Little Ice Age". Polar Geogr., 26(2), 116-133.
24. Kirkbride, M. P. and A. J. Dugmore. 2001a. Can lichenometry be used to date the "Little Ice Age" glacial maximum in Iceland? Climatic Change, 48(1), 151-167.
25. Kirkbride, M. P. and A. J. Dugmore. 2001b. The timing and significance of mid-Holocene glacier advances in northern and central Iceland. J. Quat. Sci., 16(2), 145-153.
26. Kirkbride, M. P. and C. R. Warren. 1999. Tasman Glacier, New Zealand: 20th-century thinning and predicted calving retreat. Global Planet. Change, 22(1-4), 11-28.
27. Konovalov, V. 2000. Computations of melting under moraine as a part of a regional modelling of glacier runoff. International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 264 (Symposium at Seattle 2000 - Debris-Covered Glaciers), 109-118.
28. Larsen, G. and S. Thórarinsson. 1977. H4 and other acidic Hekla tephra layers. Jökull, 27, 28-46.
29. Larsen, G., M. T. Gudmundsson and H. Björnsson. 1998. Eight centuries of periodic volcanism at the center of the Iceland hot spot revealed by glacier tephrastratigraphy. Geology, 26(10), 943-946.
30. Lister, H. 1953. Report on glaciology at Brei∂amerkurjökull 1951. Jökull, 3, 23-31.
31. Loomis, S. R. 1970. Morphology and ablation processes on glacier ice. In Bushnell, V. G. and R. H. Ragle, eds. Icefield Ranges Research Project; Scientific Results. Vol. 2. Montréal, Que., Arctic Institute of North America; New York, American Geographical Society, 27-31.
32. Lundstrom, S. C., A. E. McCafferty and J. A. Coe. 1993. Photogrammetrie analysis of 1984-89 surface altitude change of the partially debris-covered Eliot Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon, U.S.A. Ann. Glaciol., 17, 167-170.
33. Major, J. J. and C. G. Newhall. 1989. Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods. A global review. Bull. Volcanologique, 52, 1-27.
34. Mattson, L. E. and J. S. Gardner. 1991. Energy exchanges and ablation rates on the debris covered Rakhiot Glacier, Pakistan. Z. Gletscherkd. Glazialgeol., 25(1), 1989, 17-32.
35. Østrem, G. 1964. Ice-cored moraines in Scandinavia. Geogr. Ann., 46(3), 282-337
36. Pierson, T. C., R. J. Janda, J.-C. Thouret and C. A. Borrero. 1990. Pertubation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and subsequent mobilization, flow, and deposition of lahars. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 41(1-4), 17-66.
37. Salmi, M. 1948. The Hekla ashfalls in Finland, AD 1947. Suomen Geol. Seura, 21, 87-96.
38. Sigur∂sson, O. 1998. Glacier variations in Iceland 1930-1995: from the database of the Iceland Glaciological Society. Jökull, 45, 3-25.
39. Small, R. J. and M. J. Clark. 1974. The medial moraines of the lower Glacier de Tsidjiore Nouve, Valais, Switzerland. J. Glaciol., 13(68), 255-263.
40. Sparks, R. S. J. and 6 others. 1997. Volcanic plumes. Chichester, etc., Wiley.
41. Stötter, J. 1991. New observations on the postglacial glacial history of Tröllaskagi, northern Iceland. In Maizels, J. K. and C. Caseldine, eds. Environmental change in Iceland: past and present. Dordrecht, etc., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 181-192. (Glaciology and Quaternary Geology 7.)
42. Sturm, M., C. Benson and P. MacKeith. 1986. Effects of the 1966-68 eruptions of Mount Redoubt on the flow of Drift Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A. J. Glaciol., 32(112), 355-362.
43. Syverson, K. M. and D. Mickelson. 1995. Ablation of debris-covered ice and the formation of pitted out wash plains at Burroughs Glacier, southeastern Alaska. In Engstrom, D. R., ed. Proceedings of the Third Glacier Bay Science Symposium, 1993. Anchorage, AK, U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service, 66-74.
44. Thórarinsson, S, 1950. The approach and beginning of the Hekla eruption: eye-witness accounts. In Einarsson, T., G. Kjartansson and S. Thórarinsson, eds. The eruption of Hekla 1947-48. Vol. II (1). Reykjavík, Vísindafélag Íslendinga Societas Scientarum Islandica.
45. Thórarinsson, S. 1954. The tephra fall from Hekla on March 29 1947. In Einarsson, T., G. Kjartansson and S. Thórarinsson, eds. The eruption of Hekla 1947-48. Vol. II (3). Reykjavík, Vísindafélag Islendinga Societas Scientarum Islandica.
46. Thouret, J. C. 1990. Effects of the November 13 1985 eruption on the snow-pack and ice cap of Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 41(1-4), 177-201.
47. Trabant, D. C. and D. F. Meyer. 1992. Flood generation and destruction of "Drift" Glacier by the 1989-90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. Ann. Glaciol., 16, 33-38.