A spectral density approach for modelling continuous vertical forces on pedestrian structures due to walking

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 65-77

  Brownjohn, J M W ^a   Pavic, A ^b   Omenzetter, P ^c  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Coherence; Floors; Footbridges; Gait; Loading; Pedestrians; Spectral density; Vibration

Indexed keywords

CIVIL ENGINEERING; FOOTBRIDGES; HARMONIC ANALYSIS; MEASUREMENTS; MODEL STRUCTURES; STATISTICS; STOCHASTIC CONTROL SYSTEMS; VIBRATION MEASUREMENT;

SPECTRAL DENSITY; WALKING MODELS;

WALKING AIDS;

PEDESTRIAN; VIBRATION;

EID: 1842688356     PISSN: 03151468     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/l03-072     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Allen, D.E., and Murray, T.M. 1993. Design criterion for vibrations due to walking. AISC Engineering Journal, 30(4): 117-129.
2. Bachmann, H., and Ammann, W. 1987. Vibrations in structures induced by man and machine. Structural Engineering Documents 3e, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland.
3. Bachmann, H., Pretlove, A.J., and Rainer, H. 1995. Vibration problems in structures - practical guidelines: Appendix G - dynamic forces from rhythmical human body motions. Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland.
4. Barnett, S., Cunningham, J.L., and West, S. 2001. A comparison of vertical force and temporal parameters produced by an in-shoe pressure measuring system and a force platform. Clinical Biomechanics, 16: 353-357.
5. Belli, A., Bui, P., Berger, A., Geyssant, A., and Lacour, J.-R. 2001. A treadmill ergometer for three-dimensional ground reaction forces measurement during walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 34: 105-112.
6. BSI. 1992. Evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings (1 Hz to 80 Hz). British Standard BS6472, British Standards Institution, Milton Keynes, U.K.
7. BSI. 2001. Steel, concrete and composite bridges: specification for loads, Part 2 (BD37/01, Appendix B). British Standard BS5400, British Standards Institution, Milton Keynes, U.K.
8. CSA. 2000. Canadian highway bridge design code. Standard CAN/CSA-S6-00, Canadian Standards Association, Toronto, Ont.
9. Dallard, P., Fitzpatrick, A.J., Flint, A., Le Bourva, S., Low, A., Ridsdill Smith, R.M., and Willford, M. 2001. The London millennium footbridge. The Structural Engineer, 79: 17-33.
10. Ebrahimpour, A., and Fitts, L.L. 1996. Measuring coherency of human-induced rhythmic loads using force plates. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 122: 829-831.
11. Ebrahimpour, A., Hamam, A., Sack, R.L., and Patten, W.N. 1996. Measuring and modelling dynamic loads imposed by moving crowds. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 122: 1468-1474.
12. Ellis, B. 2000. On the response of long-span floors to walking loads generated by individuals and crowds. The Structural Engineer, 78: 17-25.
13. Eriksson, P.-E. 1994. Vibration of low-frequency floors - dynamic forces and response prediction. Ph.D. thesis. Publication D 94:3, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
14. Forner Cordero, A., Koopman, H.J.F.M., and Vander Helm, F.C.T. 2002. Estimation of the ground reaction forces and torques from the motion data and pressure insoles. Proceedings of the Symposium on the 3-D Analysis of Human Movement, Newcastle, U.K., 10-12 July 2002. pp. 97-100.
15. Gordon, C.G. 1999. Generic criteria for vibration sensitivie equipment. In Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) on Optomechanical Engineering and Vibration Control, Denver Colo., 20-23 July 1999. SPIE, San Jose, Calif., Vol. 3786, pp. 22-33.
16. Kerr, S.C. 1998. Human induced loading on staircases. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of London, U.K.
17. Matsumoto, Y., Nishioka, T., Shiojiri, H., and Matsuzaki, K. 1978. Dynamic design of footbridges. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) Proceedings, P17/78: 1-15.
18. McConnell, K. 1995. Vibration testing - theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
19. Mouring, S.E., and Ellingwood, B.R. 1994. Guidelines to minimize floor vibrations from building occupants. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 120: 507-526.
20. Murray, M.P., Drought, A.B., and Kory, R.C. 1964. Walking patterns of normal men. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 46A: 335-360.
21. Newland, D.E. 1993. An introduction to random vibrations, spectral and wavelet analysis. Longman, Harlow, U.K.
22. Pavic, A., and Reynolds, P. 2002. Vibration serviceability of longspan concrete building floors. Part 1: review of background information. The Shock and Vibration Digest, 34: 187-207.
23. Pimentel, R.L., Pavic, A., and Waldron, P. 2001. Evaluation of design requirements for footbridges excited by vertical dynamic forces from walking. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(5); 769-777.
24. Rainer, J.H., Pernica, G., and Allen, D.E. 1988. Dynamic loading and response of footbridges. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 15: 66-71.
25. Razian, M.A., and Pepper, M.G. 1998. A novel triaxial force transducer for in-shoe and other biomechanical applications. Journal of Biomechanics, 31(Suppl. 1). pp. 133.
26. Simiu, E., and Scanlan, R.H. 1996. Wind effects on structures. 3rd ed. Wiley & Sons, New York.
27. Smith, J.W. 1988. Vibration of structures - applications in civil engineering design. Chapman & Hall, London, U.K.
28. Stevenage, S.V., Nixon, M.S., and Vince, K. 1999. Visual analysis of gait as a cue to identity. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13(6): 513-526.
29. Tilden, C.J. 1913. Kinetic effects of crowds. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 39(3): 325-340.
30. Wheeler, J.E. 1982. Prediction and control of pedestrian-induced vibration in footbridges. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 108: 2045-2065.
31. Winter, D.A. 1990. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 2nd ed. Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
32. Woodburn, J., and Helliwell, P.S. 1996. Observations on the f-scan in-shoe pressure measuring system. Clinical Biomechanics, 11: 301-304.
33. Wyatt, T.A. 1989. Design guide on the vibration of floors. SCI Publication 076, The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berkshire, U.K.
34. Young, P. 2001. Improved floor vibration prediction methodologies. Proceedings of Arup Vibration Seminar on Engineering for Structural Vibration - Current Developments in Research and Practice, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, U.K., 4 October 2001.