Comparative endocrinology of cycling and non-cycling Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants

General and Comparative Endocrinology

Volumn 136, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 360-370

  Brown, Janine L ^a   Walker, Susan L ^a   Moeller, Tanya ^a  

^a SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Hormones; Ovarian cyclicity; Progestins; Reproductive dysfunction; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; FOLLITROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOPHYSIS HORMONE; LIOTHYRONINE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; THYROID HORMONE; THYROXINE;

AFRICA; ARTICLE; ASIA; BLOOD SAMPLING; ELEPHANT; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; ESTRUS CYCLE; FEMALE; FOLLICULAR PHASE; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HORMONE RELEASE; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; LUTEAL PHASE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASE; NONHUMAN; OVARY CYCLE; OVARY FUNCTION; OVARY INSUFFICIENCY; OVULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCTION; SEASON; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

EID: 1842686237     PISSN: 00166480     EISSN: 10956840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.01.013     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson R.R., Nixon D.A., Akasha M.A. Total and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine in blood serum of mammals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 89:1988;401-404.
2. Bechert U.S., Swanson L., Wasser S.K., Hess D.L., Stormshak F. Serum prolactin concentrations in the captive female African elephant (Loxodonta africana): potential effects of season and steroid hormone interactions. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 114:1999;269-278.
3. Billings H.J., Viguie C., Karsch F.J., Goodman R.L., Connors J.M., Anderson G.M. Temporal requirements of thyroid hormones for seasonal changes in LH secretion. Endocrinology. 143:2002;2618-2625.
4. Brown J.L. Reproductive endocrine monitoring of elephants: an essential tool for assisting captive management. Zoo Biol. 19:2000;347-368.
5. Brown J.L., Lehnhardt J. Serum and urinary hormones during pregnancy and the peri- and postpartum period in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Zoo Biol. 14:1995;555-564.
6. Brown J.L., Lehnhardt J. Secretory patterns of serum prolactin in Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants during different reproductive states: comparison with concentrations in a noncycling African elephant. Zoo Biol. 16:1997;149-159.
7. Brown J.L., Citino S.B., Bush M., Lehnhardt J., Phillips L.G. Cyclic patterns of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin, and progesterone in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 22:1991;49-57.
8. Brown J.L., Hildebrandt T., Theison W., Neiffer D.L. Endocrine and ultrasound evaluation of a noncycling African elephant: identification of a follicular ovarian cyst. Zoo Biol. 18:1999;223-232.
9. Brown J.L., Schmitt D.L., Bellem A., Graham L.H., Lehnhardt J. Hormone secretion in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus): characterization of ovulatory and anovulatory LH surges. Biol. Reprod. 61:1999;1294-1299.
10. Brown J.L., Schoenemann H.M., Reeves J.J. Effect of FSH treatment on LH and FSH receptors in chronic-cystic-ovarian disease dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 62:1986;1063-1071.
11. Brown, J.L., Olson, D., Keele, M., Freeman, E.W., in press. Survey of the reproductive cyclicity status of Asian and African elephants in North America. Zoo. Biol.
12. Carden M., Schmitt D., Tomasi T., Bradford J., Moll D., Brown J.L. Utility of serum progesterone and prolactin analysis for assessing reproductive status in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 53:1998;133-142.
13. Clarke L.A., Wathes D.C., Jabbour H.N. Expression and localization of prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in red deer ovary during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 57:1997;865-872.
14. Czekala N.M., MacDonald E.A., Steinman K., Walker S., Garrigues N.W., Olson D., Brown J.B. Estrogen and LH dynamics during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in the Asian elephant. Zoo Biol. 22:2003;443-454.
15. Doufas A.G., Mastorakos G. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the female reproductive system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 900:2000;65-76.
16. Fink G. Role of pituitary regulation. Fink G. Encyclopedia of Stress. vol. 3:2000;14-30 Academic Press, New York.
17. Fortune J.E., Rivera G.M., Evans A.C.O., Turzillo A.M. Differentiation of dominant versus subordinate follicles in cattle. Biol. Reprod. 65:2001;648-654.
18. Gaytan F., Morales C., Bellido C., Aguilar E., Sanchez-Criado J.E. Role of prolactin in the regulation of macrophages and in the proliferative activity of vascular cells in newly formed and regressing rat corpora lutea. Biol. Reprod. 57:1997;478-486.
19. Garverick H.A. Ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1997;995-1004.
20. Ginther O.J., Beg M.A., Bergfelt D.R., Donadeu F.X., Kok K. Follicle selection in monovular species. Biol. Reprod. 65:2001;638-647.
21. Gomez F., Reyes F., Faiman C. Nonpuerperal galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. Am. J. Med. 62:1977;648-651.
22. Hamilton S.A., Garverick H.A., Keisler D.H., Xu Z.Z., Loos K., Youngquist R.S., Salfen B.E. Characterization of ovarian follicular cysts and associated endocrine profiles in dairy cows. Biol. Reprod. 53:1995;890-898.
23. Hermes R., Olson D., Göritz F., Brown J.L., Schmitt D.L., Hagan D., Peterson J.S., Fritsch G., Hildebrandt T.B. Ultrasonography of the sexual cycle in female African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Zoo Biol. 19:2000;369-382.
24. Hildebrandt T.B., Göritz F., Pratt N.C., Schmitt D.L., Lehnhardt J., Hermes R., Quandt S., Raath J., West G., Montali R.J. Assessment of health and reproductive status in African elephants by transrectal ultrasonography. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet. Ann. Conf. 1997;207-211.
25. Jochle W., Arbeiter K., Post K., Ballabio R., D'Ver A.S. Effects on pseudopregnancy, pregnancy, and interoestrous intervals of pharmacological suppression of prolactin secretion in female dogs and cats. J. Reprod. Fertil. 39:1989;199-207.
26. Jones E.E. Hyperprolactinemia and female infertility. J. Reprod. Med. 34:1989;117-126.
27. Kapustin N., Critser J.K., Olson D., Malven P.V. Nonluteal estrous cycles of 3-week duration are initiated by anovulatory luteinizing hormone peaks in African elephants. Biol. Reprod. 55:1996;1147-1154.
28. Keele, M. (Ed.), 2000. Asian Elephant North American Regional Studbook. Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR.
29. Kesler D.J., Elmore R.G., Brown E.M., Garverick H.A. Gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment of dairy cows with ovarian cysts. I. Gross ovarian morphology and endocrinology. Theriogenology. 16:1981;207-213.
30. Kleinberg D., Noel G., Frantz A. Galactorrhea: a study of 235 cases including 48 with pituitary tumors. New Engl. J. Med. 296:1977;589-592.
31. Knobil E., Neill J. Encyclopedia of Reproduction. vols. 1-4:1998;Academic Press, New York, NY.
32. Krassass G.E. Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Fertil. Steril. 74:2000;1063-1070.
33. Lawson D.M., Haisenleder D.J., Marshall J.C. A comparison of the temporal effects of estradiol and diethylstilbestrol on pituitary content of DNA, prolactin mRNA and prolactin and on serum prolactin levels in ovariectomized Holtzman rats. Life Sci. 53:1993;1267-1272.
34. MacLeod R.M., Lamberts S.W.J. The regulation of prolactin secretion: experimental and clinical correlates. Olefsky J.M., Robbins R.J. Prolactinomas Contemporary Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism. vol. 2:1986;1-19 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
35. MacLeod R.M., Kimura H., Lofin I. Inhibition of prolactin secretion by dopamine and pirebedil (ET-495). Pecile A., Muller E.E. Growth Hormones and Related Peptides. 1976;443-459 Elsevier-North Holland, New York.
36. Meirow D., Laufer N., Schenker J.G. Ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a review of conservative and new treatment modalities. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 50:1993;123-131.
37. Moberg G. Influence of stress on reproduction: measure of well-being. Moberg G.P., Mench J.A. Biology of Animal Stress: Basic Principles and Implications for Animal Welfare. 1985;245-267 CABI Publishing, Wallingford, London.
38. Moberg G.P. How behavioral stress disrupts the endocrine control of reproduction in domestic animals. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1990;304-311.
39. Murray S.C., Keeble S.C., Muse K.N., Curry T.A. Jr. Regulation of granulosa cell-derived ovarian metalloproteinase inhibitor(s) by prolactin. J. Reprod. Fertil. 107:1996;103-108.
40. Olson, D.J. (Ed.), 2001. African Elephant North American Regional Studbook. Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN.
41. Olson D., Wiese R.J. State of the North American African elephant population and predictions for the future. Zoo Biol. 19:2000;311-320.
42. Robbins R.J. Medical management of prolactinomas. Olefsky J.M., Robbins R.J. Prolactinomas: Contemporary Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism. vol. 2:1986;97-114 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
43. Seguin B.E., Convey E.M., Oxender W.D. Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin in cows with ovarian follicular cysts. Am. J. Vet. Res. 37:1976;153-160.
44. Wiese R.J. Asian elephants are not self-sustaining in North America. Zoo Biol. 19:2000;299-310.
45. Woolf P.D. Differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia: physiological, and pharmacological factors. Olefsky J.M., Robbins R.J. Prolactinomas: Contemporary Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism. vol. 2:1986;43-65 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
46. Wright P.J., Galloway D.B., Clarke I.J. Gonadotrophin secretion in ewes with bilateral gonadal hypoplasia. Aust. Vet. J. 73:1996;157-158.
47. Yen S.S.C. Neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion in women: disorders in reproduction. Vaitukaitis J.L. Current Endocrinology. 1982;137-176 Elsevier Biomedical, New York.
48. Zacur H.A. Hyperprolactinemia. Knobil E., Neill J. Encyclopedia of Reproduction. vol. 2:1999;725-735 Academic Press, New York, NY.
49. Zeleznik A.J. Follicle selection in primates: "many are called but few are chosen" Biol. Reprod. 65:2001;655-659.