The press response to the Corps of Discovery: The making of heroes in an egalitarian age

Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly

Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 866-883

  Winfield, Betty Houchin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEDIA ROLE;

EID: 1842661618     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900308000408     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Stephen E. Ambrose, Undaunted Courage, Meriwether Lewis and the Opening of the American West (New York: Touchstone Book, 1996), 409, 417.
2. Donald Jackson, ed., Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with Related Documents, 1783-1854 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1978), 350-51.
3. Donald Jackson, "The Race to Publish Lewis and Clark," in Voyages of Discovery, Essays on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, ed. James Ronda (Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 1998), 222.
4. Stephen D. Reese, Oscar H. Gandy, Jr., and August E. Grant, Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001), 11, 14, 19.
5. Zhongdan Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki, "Framing Analysis: An Approach to News Discourse," Political Communication 10 (January-March 1993): 55-75.
6. Henry Adams, The Formative Years: A History of the United States During the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison (London: Collins, 1948 reprint);
7. Robert M. Johnson, Jr., Jefferson and the Presidency: Leadership in the Early Republic (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978);
8. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and John S. Bowman, eds., The Almanac of American History (New York: Putnam, 1983);
9. Francis A. Walker, The Making of the Nation, 1783-1817 (New York: C.S. Scribner's Sons, 1895).
10. William David Sloan and James D. Startt, The Media in America: A History, 4th ed. (Northport, AL: Vision Press, 1999), 70.
11. Betty Houchin Winfield and Janice Hume, "The American Hero and the Evolution of the Human Interest Story," American Journalism 15 (spring 1998): 79-99.
12. Theodore P. Greene refers to the Monthly Anthology 1(1803): 526 in American Heroes, the Changing Models of Success in American Magazines (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), 38.
13. Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image, A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America (New York: Antheneum, 1972), 61,
14. Pan and Kosicki, "Framing Analysis: An Approach to News Discourse," 55-75.
15. Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus: On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1933 reprint of 1840).
16. Dixon Wecter, The Hero in America (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1941).
17. Neal L. Edgar, A History and Bibliography of American Magazines, 1810-1820 (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1975).
18. Winfield and Hume, "The American Hero and the Evolution of the Human Interest Story," 79-99,
19. Marshall Fishwick, American Heroes: Myth and Reality (Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1954), 4;
20. Janice Hume, "Defining the Historical American Heroine: Changing Characteristics of Heroic Women in the Nineteenth Century Media," Journal of Popular Culture 31 (summer 1997): 1-23;
21. Everette E. Dennis, "The Popular Culture Perspective, Images and Heroes in Popular Culture," in The Media Society: Evidence About Mass Communication in America (Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown Co., 1978).
22. Susan J. Drucker and Robert S. Cathcart, eds., American Heroes in a Media Age (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., 1994).
23. Joan Fayer, "Are Heroes Always Men?" American Heroes in a Media Age (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., 1994), 24;
24. Orrin E. Klapp, Symbolic Leaders, Public Dramas and Public Men (Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co., 1964) and "Hero Worship in America," American Sociological Review XIV (February 1949): 53-62;
25. Gerald Johnson, American Heroes and Hero Worship (New York: Harper & Bros., 1943);
26. Sidney Hook, The Hero in History: A Study in Limitation and Possibility (New York: John Davy Co., 1943);
27. Fishwick, American Heroes: Myth and Reality; Greene, American Heroes.
28. Drucker and Cathcart, eds., American Heroes in a Media Age; Fayer, "Are Heroes Always Men?" 24;
29. Klapp, Symbolic Leaders and "Hero Worship in America," 53-62;
30. "Introduction: Jefferson's Design and Western Realities," in The Lewis and Clark Expedition, Selections Arranged by Topics, ed. Gunther Barth (Boston and New York: Bedford of St. Martin's Press, 1998), 5.
31. Allan Nevins, ed., The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794-1845 (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1970), 25-26.
32. "Lexington, June 14," National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, henceforth N1, 29 June 1804.
33. "Summary of Intelligence," The Evening Fireside 15, 20 July 1805, 256.
34. "A Newspaper Account, Louisiana," Lexington, 18 June 1805,
35. Jeffrey Pasley, The Tyranny of Printers, Newspaper Politics in the Early American Republic (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001), 241.
36. "Arrival of Captains Lewis and Clark at St. Louis," United States Gazette, henceforth U.S. Gazette, 6 November 1806.
37. William E. Ames, The History of the National Intelligencer (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1972),
38. "For the Literary Magazine, Captain Lewis's Expedition," The Literary Magazine of American Register 6 (November 1806): 442-45.
39. "American State Papers," Monthly Anthology 3 (December 1806): 39-41.
40. Dumas Malone, Jefferson, the President: Second Term (1974), 203,
41. Mark Anthony De Wolfe Howe, "The Capture of Some Fugitive Verses," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 43 January 1910): 238-39.
42. "Original Poetry, An Anonymous Contribution," Monthly Anthology and Boston Review 4 (March 1807): 143.
43. Albert Futwangler, "Captain Lewis in a Crossfire of Wit: John Quincy Adams v. Joel Barlow," in Voyages of Discovery, ed. Ronda, 237.
44. Reuben Gold Thwaites, Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806, ed. Reuben Gold Thwaites (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1904).
45. Richard B. Betts, In Search of York (Boulder: Colorado Assoc. University Press, 1985).
46. James Ronda, "A Knowledge of These Distance Parts: The Shaping of the Lewis and Clark Expedition," Montana: The Magazine of Western History 41 (autumn 1999): 9.
47. "Register of Deaths," American Register vI (1809), 303.
48. Letters of the Lewis & Clark Expedition with Related Documents, 1783-1806 , ed. Donald Jackson (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1978), 359-60.
49. "Governor William Clark," The Republican (Missouri), 3 September 1838;
50. "Obituary," Missouri Argus (St. Louis), 6 September 1838.
51. John Mack Faragher, Daniel Boone, the Life and Legend of an American Pioneer (New York: Henry Holt, 1992), 320-21, 330-31, 335.
52. W.A.C. (unidentified), "Daniel Boone, 1734-1820, Pioneer and Scout," The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, Vol. II (New York Monson Bancroft; Philadelphia: Henry Perkins, 1835), 201-214.
53. John Bradbury, Travels in the Interior of America (Liverpool, England: Smith & Galway, 1817), 18-21;
54. Washington Irving, The Rocky Mountains (Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blanchard, 1837).
55. Ruth Miller Elson, Guardians of Tradition, American Schoolbooks of the Nineteenth Century (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1964), 81.
56. E.G. Chuinard, "The Actual Role of the Bird Woman," Montana, The Magazine of Western History XXVI: 3 (summer 1976), 21.
57. Irving W. Anderson, "Probing the Riddle of the Bird Woman," Montana, The Magazine of Western History XXII, Fall 1973, 16-17;
58. Ronald W. Taber, "Sacajawea and the Suffragettes," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 58 (January 1967): 8.
59. "The Lewis and Clark Expedition. Death of 'Old Tom,' Supposed to be the Last Survivor," New York Times, 5 January 1879, p. 8.
60. K.D. Curtis, "York, the Slave Explorer," Negro Digest 11 (May 1962): 10-16.