메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 266-277

Seedling establishment of a boreal tree species (Pinus sylvestris) at its southernmost distribution limit: Consequences of being in a marginal Mediterranean habitat

Author keywords

Facilitation; Geographical range; Microenvironment; Spatial heterogeneity; Tree recruitment

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FOREST; EMERGENCE; RECRUITMENT; SEEDLING; SURVIVAL;

EID: 1842587094     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00870.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (332)

References (83)
  • 4
    • 85023566851 scopus 로고
    • Range of natural distribution
    • eds M. Giertych & C. Mátyás, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
    • Boratynski, A. (1991) Range of natural distribution. Genetics of Scots Pine (eds M. Giertych & C. Mátyás), pp. 19-30. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
    • (1991) Genetics of Scots Pine , pp. 19-30
    • Boratynski, A.1
  • 5
    • 0031889333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: A model
    • Brooker, R.W. & Callaghan, T.V. (1998) The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos, 81, 196-207.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.81 , pp. 196-207
    • Brooker, R.W.1    Callaghan, T.V.2
  • 7
    • 0031654655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of northern Red oak: Positive and negative effects of competitor removal
    • Buckley, D.S., Sharik, T.L. & Isebrands, J.G. (1998) Regeneration of northern Red oak: positive and negative effects of competitor removal. Ecology, 79, 65-78.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 65-78
    • Buckley, D.S.1    Sharik, T.L.2    Isebrands, J.G.3
  • 8
    • 0002506539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plants
    • ed. W.J. Sutherland, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Bullock, J. (1996) Plants. Ecological Census Techniques: a Handbook (ed. W.J. Sutherland), pp. 111-138. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1996) Ecological Census Techniques: A Handbook , pp. 111-138
    • Bullock, J.1
  • 9
    • 0028163117 scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattering in young stands of Pinus sylvestris in relation to mortality caused by the snow blight pathogen Phacidium infestans
    • Burdon, J.J., Wennström, A., Müller, W.J. & Ericson, L. (1994) Spatial pattering in young stands of Pinus sylvestris in relation to mortality caused by the snow blight pathogen Phacidium infestans. Oikos, 71, 130-136.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.71 , pp. 130-136
    • Burdon, J.J.1    Wennström, A.2    Müller, W.J.3    Ericson, L.4
  • 10
    • 0028994383 scopus 로고
    • Positive interactions among plants
    • Callaway, R.M. (1995) Positive interactions among plants. Botanical Review, 61, 306-349.
    • (1995) Botanical Review , vol.61 , pp. 306-349
    • Callaway, R.M.1
  • 12
    • 0030431937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and facilitation: Contrasting effects of Artemisia tridentata on desert vs. montane pines
    • Callaway, R.M., DeLucia, E.H., Moore, D., Nowak, R. & Schlesinger, W.H. (1996) Competition and facilitation: contrasting effects of Artemisia tridentata on desert vs. montane pines. Ecology, 77, 2130-2141.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2130-2141
    • Callaway, R.M.1    DeLucia, E.H.2    Moore, D.3    Nowak, R.4    Schlesinger, W.H.5
  • 13
    • 0029751314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic consequences of drought in the herbaceous perennial Cryptantha flava: Effects of density, associations with shrubs, and plant size
    • Casper, B.B. (1996) Demographic consequences of drought in the herbaceous perennial Cryptantha flava: effects of density, associations with shrubs, and plant size. Oecologia, 106, 144-152.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.106 , pp. 144-152
    • Casper, B.B.1
  • 14
    • 0032720990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed mass versus seedling performance in Scots pine: A maternally dependent trait
    • Castro, J. (1999) Seed mass versus seedling performance in Scots pine: a maternally dependent trait. New Phytologist, 144, 153-161.
    • (1999) New Phytologist , vol.144 , pp. 153-161
    • Castro, J.1
  • 16
    • 0342904921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed predation and dispersal in relict Scots pine forests in southern Spain
    • Castro, J., Gómez, J.M., García, D., Zamora, R. & Hódar, J.A. (1999) Seed predation and dispersal in relict Scots pine forests in southern Spain. Plant Ecology, 145, 115-123.
    • (1999) Plant Ecology , vol.145 , pp. 115-123
    • Castro, J.1    Gómez, J.M.2    García, D.3    Zamora, R.4    Hódar, J.A.5
  • 17
    • 0036820013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms blocking Pinus sylvestris colonization of Mediterranean mountain meadows
    • Castro, J., Zamora, R. & Hódar, J.A. (2002b) Mechanisms blocking Pinus sylvestris colonization of Mediterranean mountain meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 725-731.
    • (2002) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.13 , pp. 725-731
    • Castro, J.1    Zamora, R.2    Hódar, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 0036081460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of shrubs as nurse plants: A new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains
    • Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A. & Gómez, J.M. (2002a) The use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restoration Ecology, 10, 297-305.
    • (2002) Restoration Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 297-305
    • Castro, J.1    Zamora, R.2    Hódar, J.A.3    Gómez, J.M.4
  • 19
    • 1842607969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of using shrubs as nurse plants for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains: A 4-year study
    • in press
    • Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A., Gómez, J.M. & Gómez, L. (2004) Benefits of using shrubs as nurse plants for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains: a 4-year study. Restoration Ecology, 12, in press.
    • (2004) Restoration Ecology , vol.12
    • Castro, J.1    Zamora, R.2    Hódar, J.A.3    Gómez, J.M.4    Gómez, L.5
  • 22
    • 0037451761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early response of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings to an experimental canopy gap in a boreal spruce forest
    • de Chantal, M., Leinonen, K., Kuuluvainen, T. & Cescatti, A. (2003) Early response of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings to an experimental canopy gap in a boreal spruce forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 176, 321-336.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.176 , pp. 321-336
    • De Chantal, M.1    Leinonen, K.2    Kuuluvainen, T.3    Cescatti, A.4
  • 24
    • 0025232097 scopus 로고
    • Habitat relationship and survivorship of tree seedlings in hemlock-hardwood forest
    • Collins, S.L. (1990) Habitat relationship and survivorship of tree seedlings in hemlock-hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68, 790-797.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.68 , pp. 790-797
    • Collins, S.L.1
  • 25
    • 0030588353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedling establishment
    • Dolling, A.H.U. (1996) Interference of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedling establishment. Forest Ecology and Management, 88, 227-235.
    • (1996) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.88 , pp. 227-235
    • Dolling, A.H.U.1
  • 26
    • 0036248185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of soil temperature on nutrient allocation and mycorrhizas in Scots pine seedlings
    • Domisch, T., Finér, L., Lehto, T. & Smolander, A. (2002) Effect of soil temperature on nutrient allocation and mycorrhizas in Scots pine seedlings. Plant and Soil, 239, 173-185.
    • (2002) Plant and Soil , vol.239 , pp. 173-185
    • Domisch, T.1    Finér, L.2    Lehto, T.3    Smolander, A.4
  • 27
    • 0032922152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species-mediated soil moisture availability and patchy establishment of Pseudotsuga menziesii in chaparral
    • Dunne, J.A. & Parker, V.T. (1999) Species-mediated soil moisture availability and patchy establishment of Pseudotsuga menziesii in chaparral. Oecologia, 119, 36-45.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.119 , pp. 36-45
    • Dunne, J.A.1    Parker, V.T.2
  • 28
    • 0029476304 scopus 로고
    • The status and ecology of a Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos woodland in the northern mountains of Oman
    • Fisher, M. & Gardner, A.S. (1995) The status and ecology of a Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos woodland in the northern mountains of Oman. Vegetatio, 119, 33-51.
    • (1995) Vegetatio , vol.119 , pp. 33-51
    • Fisher, M.1    Gardner, A.S.2
  • 29
    • 0002813690 scopus 로고
    • Failure-time analysis: Emergence, flowering, survivorship, and other waiting times
    • eds S.M. Scheiner & J. Gurevitch, Chapman & Hall, New York
    • Fox, G.A. (1993) Failure-time analysis: emergence, flowering, survivorship, and other waiting times. Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments (eds S.M. Scheiner & J. Gurevitch), pp. 253-289. Chapman & Hall, New York.
    • (1993) Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments , pp. 253-289
    • Fox, G.A.1
  • 30
    • 0035705242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of seed dispersal on Juniperus communis recruitment on a Mediterranean mountain
    • García, D. (2001) Effects of seed dispersal on Juniperus communis recruitment on a Mediterranean mountain. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 839-848.
    • (2001) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.12 , pp. 839-848
    • García, D.1
  • 31
    • 0034111924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yew (Taxus baccata L.) regeneration is facilitated by fleshy-fruited shrubs in Mediterranean environments
    • García, D., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A., Gómez, J.M. & Castro, J. (2000) Yew (Taxus baccata L.) regeneration is facilitated by fleshy-fruited shrubs in Mediterranean environments. Biological Conservation, 95, 31-38.
    • (2000) Biological Conservation , vol.95 , pp. 31-38
    • García, D.1    Zamora, R.2    Hódar, J.A.3    Gómez, J.M.4    Castro, J.5
  • 32
    • 0038607673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of vertebrate acorn- and seedling-predators on a Mediterranean Quercuspyrenaica forest
    • Gómez, J.M., García, D. & Zamora, R. (2003) Impact of vertebrate acorn- and seedling-predators on a Mediterranean Quercuspyrenaica forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 180, 125-134.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.180 , pp. 125-134
    • Gómez, J.M.1    García, D.2    Zamora, R.3
  • 33
    • 0034873385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ungulate damage on Scots pines in Mediterranean environments: Effects of association with shrubs
    • Gómez, J.M., Hódar, J.A., Zamora, R., Castro, J. & García, D. (2001b) Ungulate damage on Scots pines in Mediterranean environments: effects of association with shrubs. Canadian Journal of Botany, 79, 739-746.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.79 , pp. 739-746
    • Gómez, J.M.1    Hódar, J.A.2    Zamora, R.3    Castro, J.4    García, D.5
  • 34
    • 4444348494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration in Mediterranean ecosystems: A meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants
    • in press
    • Gómez, L., Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M., Hódar, J.A., Castro, J. & Baraza, E. (2004) Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration in Mediterranean ecosystems: a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecological Applications, 14, in press.
    • (2004) Ecological Applications , vol.14
    • Gómez, L.1    Zamora, R.2    Gómez, J.M.3    Hódar, J.A.4    Castro, J.5    Baraza, E.6
  • 35
    • 0001263414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of tree seedlings by shrubs in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): Disentangling the mechanisms
    • ed. K. Radoglou, NAGREF, Forest Research Institute, Thessaloniki
    • Gómez, L., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A., Gómez, J.M. & Castro, J. (2001a) Facilitation of tree seedlings by shrubs in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): disentangling the mechanisms. Forest Research: a Challenge for an Integrated European Approach, I (ed. K. Radoglou), pp. 395-400. NAGREF, Forest Research Institute, Thessaloniki.
    • (2001) Forest Research: A Challenge for An Integrated European Approach , vol.1 , pp. 395-400
    • Gómez, L.1    Zamora, R.2    Hódar, J.A.3    Gómez, J.M.4    Castro, J.5
  • 36
    • 0028800502 scopus 로고
    • Survival after planting without soil preparation for pine and spruce seedlings protected from Hylobius abietis by physical and chemical shelters
    • Hagner, M. & Jonsson, C. (1995) Survival after planting without soil preparation for pine and spruce seedlings protected from Hylobius abietis by physical and chemical shelters. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 225-234.
    • (1995) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.10 , pp. 225-234
    • Hagner, M.1    Jonsson, C.2
  • 38
    • 0348013378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differing effects of shade-induced facilitation on growth and survival during the establishment of a chenopod shrub
    • Hastwell, G.T. & Facelli, J.M. (2003) Differing effects of shade-induced facilitation on growth and survival during the establishment of a chenopod shrub. Journal of Ecology, 91, 941-950.
    • (2003) Journal of Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 941-950
    • Hastwell, G.T.1    Facelli, J.M.2
  • 39
    • 0003095343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of herbivory on growth and survival of seedlings and saplings of Pinus sylvestris nevadensis in SE Spain
    • eds V.P. Papanastasis & D. Peter, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
    • Hódar, J.A., Castro, J., Gómez, J.M., García, D. & Zamora, R. (1998) Effects of herbivory on growth and survival of seedlings and saplings of Pinus sylvestris nevadensis in SE Spain. Ecological Basis of Livestock Grazing in Mediterranean Ecosystems (eds V.P. Papanastasis & D. Peter), pp. 264-267. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
    • (1998) Ecological Basis of Livestock Grazing in Mediterranean Ecosystems , pp. 264-267
    • Hódar, J.A.1    Castro, J.2    Gómez, J.M.3    García, D.4    Zamora, R.5
  • 40
    • 0037353317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityiocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming
    • Hódar, J.A., Castro, J. & Zamora, R. (2003) Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityiocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming. Biological Conservation, 110, 123-129.
    • (2003) Biological Conservation , vol.110 , pp. 123-129
    • Hódar, J.A.1    Castro, J.2    Zamora, R.3
  • 41
    • 0034021750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting mechanisms in the regeneration of the Chilean matorral
    • Holmgren, M., Segura, A.M. & Fuentes, E.R. (2000) Limiting mechanisms in the regeneration of the Chilean matorral. Plant Ecology, 147, 49-57.
    • (2000) Plant Ecology , vol.147 , pp. 49-57
    • Holmgren, M.1    Segura, A.M.2    Fuentes, E.R.3
  • 42
    • 0035656625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative interactions between environmental conditions affecting Cercocarpus ledifolius seedling survival
    • Ibáñez, I. & Schupp, E.W. (2001) Positive and negative interactions between environmental conditions affecting Cercocarpus ledifolius seedling survival. Oecologia, 129, 543-550.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.129 , pp. 543-550
    • Ibáñez, I.1    Schupp, E.W.2
  • 44
    • 0028179883 scopus 로고
    • Growth and photosynthesis of Pinus sylvestris at its altitudinal limit in Scotland
    • James, J.C., Grace, J. & Hoad, S.P. (1994) Growth and photosynthesis of Pinus sylvestris at its altitudinal limit in Scotland. Journal of Ecology, 82, 297-306.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 297-306
    • James, J.C.1    Grace, J.2    Hoad, S.P.3
  • 45
    • 0028981613 scopus 로고
    • Shuffling the offspring: Uncoupling and spatial discordance of multiple stages in vertebrate seed dispersal
    • Jordano, P. & Herrera, C.M. (1995) Shuffling the offspring: uncoupling and spatial discordance of multiple stages in vertebrate seed dispersal. Écoscience, 2, 230-237.
    • (1995) Écoscience , vol.2 , pp. 230-237
    • Jordano, P.1    Herrera, C.M.2
  • 46
    • 0034072546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil scarification shortly before a rich seed fall improves seedling establishment in seed tree stands of Pinus sylvestris
    • Karlsson, C. & Örlander, G. (2000) Soil scarification shortly before a rich seed fall improves seedling establishment in seed tree stands of Pinus sylvestris. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 15, 256-266.
    • (2000) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 256-266
    • Karlsson, C.1    Örlander, G.2
  • 47
    • 0033911980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climatic variability on facilitation of tree establishment in northern Patagonia
    • Kitzberger, T., Steinaker, D.F. & Veblen, T.T. (2000) Effects of climatic variability on facilitation of tree establishment in northern Patagonia. Ecology, 81, 1914-1924.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1914-1924
    • Kitzberger, T.1    Steinaker, D.F.2    Veblen, T.T.3
  • 48
    • 0030434587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pinus ponderosa seedling establishment and the influence of competition with the bunchgrass Agropyron spicatum
    • Kolb, P.F. & Robberecht, R. (1996) Pinus ponderosa seedling establishment and the influence of competition with the bunchgrass Agropyron spicatum. International Journal of Plant Science, 157, 509-515.
    • (1996) International Journal of Plant Science , vol.157 , pp. 509-515
    • Kolb, P.F.1    Robberecht, R.2
  • 49
    • 85023339898 scopus 로고
    • Generative reproduction and genetic processes in nature
    • eds M. Giertych & C. Mátyás, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
    • Koski, V. (1991) Generative reproduction and genetic processes in nature. Genetics of Scots Pine (eds M. Giertych & C. Mátyás), pp. 59-72. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
    • (1991) Genetics of Scots Pine , pp. 59-72
    • Koski, V.1
  • 50
    • 0031742685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seedling establishment in relation to microhabitat variation in a windthrow gap in a boreal Pinus sylvestris forest
    • Kuuluvainen, T. & Juntunen, P. (1998) Seedling establishment in relation to microhabitat variation in a windthrow gap in a boreal Pinus sylvestris forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 9, 551-562.
    • (1998) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.9 , pp. 551-562
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1    Juntunen, P.2
  • 51
    • 0028179874 scopus 로고
    • Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands
    • Lorimer, C.G., Chapman, J.W. & Lambert, W.D. (1994) Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands. Journal of Ecology, 82, 227-237.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 227-237
    • Lorimer, C.G.1    Chapman, J.W.2    Lambert, W.D.3
  • 52
    • 4243555673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of site preparation and reforestation method on survival and height growth of Scots pine
    • Mäkitalo, K. (1999) Effect of site preparation and reforestation method on survival and height growth of Scots pine. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14, 512-525.
    • (1999) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.14 , pp. 512-525
    • Mäkitalo, K.1
  • 53
    • 0034485655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-dispersal fate of seeds in the Monte desert of Argentina: Patterns of germination in successive wet and dry years
    • Marone, L., Horno, M.E. & González del Solar, R. (2000) Post-dispersal fate of seeds in the Monte desert of Argentina: patterns of germination in successive wet and dry years. Journal of Ecology, 88, 940-949.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 940-949
    • Marone, L.1    Horno, M.E.2    González Del Solar, R.3
  • 54
    • 0028977489 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns in the emergence and survival of seedlings in arid Karoo shrubland
    • Milton, S.J. (1995) Spatial and temporal patterns in the emergence and survival of seedlings in arid Karoo shrubland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, 145-156.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 145-156
    • Milton, S.J.1
  • 55
    • 0001971721 scopus 로고
    • Silvics of the circumpolar boreal forest tree species
    • eds H.H. Shugart, R. Leemans & G.B. Bonan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Nikolov, N. & Helmisaari, H. (1992) Silvics of the circumpolar boreal forest tree species. A System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest (eds H.H. Shugart, R. Leemans & G.B. Bonan), pp. 13-84. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1992) A System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest , pp. 13-84
    • Nikolov, N.1    Helmisaari, H.2
  • 56
    • 0034010245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of the differential interference effects of two boreal dwarf shrub species
    • Nilsson, M.-C., Zackrisson, O., Sterner, O. & Wallstedt, A. (2000) Characterisation of the differential interference effects of two boreal dwarf shrub species. Oecologia, 123, 122-128.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.123 , pp. 122-128
    • Nilsson, M.-C.1    Zackrisson, O.2    Sterner, O.3    Wallstedt, A.4
  • 57
    • 0031431841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest floor moisture controls predator activity on juvenile seedlings of Pinus sylvestris
    • Nystrand, O. & Granström, A. (1997) Forest floor moisture controls predator activity on juvenile seedlings of Pinus sylvestris. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 1746-1752.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.27 , pp. 1746-1752
    • Nystrand, O.1    Granström, A.2
  • 58
    • 0034083877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation of Pinus sylvestris seeds and juvenile seedlings in Swedish boreal forest in relation to stand disturbance by logging
    • Nystrand, O. & Granström, A. (2000) Predation of Pinus sylvestris seeds and juvenile seedlings in Swedish boreal forest in relation to stand disturbance by logging. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 449-463.
    • (2000) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.37 , pp. 449-463
    • Nystrand, O.1    Granström, A.2
  • 59
    • 0027072819 scopus 로고
    • Tree establishment and microhabitat relationships in north Swedish peatlands
    • Ohlson, M. & Zackrisson, O. (1992) Tree establishment and microhabitat relationships in north Swedish peatlands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22, 1869-1877.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.22 , pp. 1869-1877
    • Ohlson, M.1    Zackrisson, O.2
  • 60
    • 0032418477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the establishment of Cytisus scoparius in southern France: Implications for managing both native and exotic populations
    • Paynter, Q., Fowler, S.V., Memmott, J. & Sheppard, A.W. (1998) Factors affecting the establishment of Cytisus scoparius in southern France: implications for managing both native and exotic populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35, 582-595.
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 582-595
    • Paynter, Q.1    Fowler, S.V.2    Memmott, J.3    Sheppard, A.W.4
  • 61
    • 0028164794 scopus 로고
    • The history of the Holocene vegetation in northern Spain from pollen analysis
    • Peñalba, M.C. (1994) The history of the Holocene vegetation in northern Spain from pollen analysis. Journal of Ecology, 82, 815-832.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 815-832
    • Peñalba, M.C.1
  • 62
    • 0030304349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation and succession under the canopy of a leguminous shrub, Retama sphaerocarpa, in a semi-arid environment in south-east Spain
    • Pugnaire, F.I., Haase, P., Puigdefábregas, J., Cueto, M., Clark, C. & Incoll, L.D. (1996) Facilitation and succession under the canopy of a leguminous shrub, Retama sphaerocarpa, in a semi-arid environment in south-east Spain. Oikos, 76, 455-464.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 455-464
    • Pugnaire, F.I.1    Haase, P.2    Puigdefábregas, J.3    Cueto, M.4    Clark, C.5    Incoll, L.D.6
  • 63
    • 0035021617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plant interaction along a gradient of environmental stress
    • Pugnaire, F.I. & Luque, M.T. (2001) Changes in plant interaction along a gradient of environmental stress. Oikos, 93, 42-49.
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.93 , pp. 42-49
    • Pugnaire, F.I.1    Luque, M.T.2
  • 64
    • 0022830288 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of survival and removal rate experiments
    • Pyke, D.A. & Thompson, J.N. (1986) Statistical analysis of survival and removal rate experiments. Ecology, 67, 240-245.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 240-245
    • Pyke, D.A.1    Thompson, J.N.2
  • 65
    • 0343006850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment dynamics of a fleshy-fruited plant (Olea europaea): Connecting patterns of seed dispersal to seedling establishment
    • Rey, P.J. & Alcántara, J.M. (2000) Recruitment dynamics of a fleshy-fruited plant (Olea europaea): connecting patterns of seed dispersal to seedling establishment. Journal of Ecology, 88, 622-633.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 622-633
    • Rey, P.J.1    Alcántara, J.M.2
  • 66
    • 0034086392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative interactions at different life stages of a colonizing species (Quercus humilis)
    • Rousset, O. & Lepart, J. (2000) Positive and negative interactions at different life stages of a colonizing species (Quercus humilis). Journal of Ecology, 88, 401-412.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 401-412
    • Rousset, O.1    Lepart, J.2
  • 68
    • 0001269997 scopus 로고
    • Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment
    • Schupp, E.W. (1995) Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. American Journal of Botany, 82, 399-409.
    • (1995) American Journal of Botany , vol.82 , pp. 399-409
    • Schupp, E.W.1
  • 70
    • 0028975887 scopus 로고
    • Seed regeneration of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss
    • Steijlen, I., Nilsson, M.-C. & Zackrisson, O. (1995) Seed regeneration of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 25, 713-723.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.25 , pp. 713-723
    • Steijlen, I.1    Nilsson, M.-C.2    Zackrisson, O.3
  • 71
    • 0032055176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in Europe
    • Taberlet, P., Fumagalli, L., Wust-Saucy, A.G. & Cosson, J.F. (1998) Comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in Europe. Molecular Ecology, 7, 453-464.
    • (1998) Molecular Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 453-464
    • Taberlet, P.1    Fumagalli, L.2    Wust-Saucy, A.G.3    Cosson, J.F.4
  • 72
    • 0342505294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal environmental variation tips the balance between facilitation and interference in desert plants
    • Tielbörger, K. & Kadmon, R. (2000) Temporal environmental variation tips the balance between facilitation and interference in desert plants. Ecology, 81, 1544-1553.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1544-1553
    • Tielbörger, K.1    Kadmon, R.2
  • 73
    • 0242599899 scopus 로고
    • On factors affecting the initial development of pine
    • Vaartaja, O. (1950) On factors affecting the initial development of pine. Oikos, 2, 89-108.
    • (1950) Oikos , vol.2 , pp. 89-108
    • Vaartaja, O.1
  • 74
    • 0036679702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of retained trees on the development of young Scots pine stands in Southern Finland
    • Valkonen, S., Ruuska, J. & Siipilehto, J. (2002) Effect of retained trees on the development of young Scots pine stands in Southern Finland. Forest Ecology and Management, 166, 227-243.
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.166 , pp. 227-243
    • Valkonen, S.1    Ruuska, J.2    Siipilehto, J.3
  • 75
    • 0012764841 scopus 로고
    • Wanderungen in der S. Nevada
    • Spanish edition by Caja de Granada Foundation, 1995, Granada
    • Voigt, C. (1889) Wanderungen in der S. Nevada. Ent. Ztg. Stettin, 50, 356-412 (Spanish edition by Caja de Granada Foundation, 1995, Granada).
    • (1889) Ent. Ztg. Stettin , vol.50 , pp. 356-412
    • Voigt, C.1
  • 76
    • 0012764970 scopus 로고
    • Spanish edition by Caja de Granada Foundation, 1995, Granada
    • Willkomm, M. (1882) Aus den Hochgebirgen von Granada. (Spanish edition by Caja de Granada Foundation, 1995, Granada).
    • (1882) Aus Den Hochgebirgen Von Granada
    • Willkomm, M.1
  • 77
    • 0029108964 scopus 로고
    • Influence of rain shelter and site preparation on seedling emergence of Pinus sylvestris L. after direct seeding
    • Winsa, H. (1995) Influence of rain shelter and site preparation on seedling emergence of Pinus sylvestris L. after direct seeding. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 167-175.
    • (1995) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.10 , pp. 167-175
    • Winsa, H.1
  • 78
    • 0031714028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the effects of water availability and exclusion of fungal hyphae on nutrient uptake and establishment of Pinus sylvestris seedlings in carpets of the moss Pleurozium schreberi
    • Zackrisson, O., Dahlberg, A., Norberg, G., Nilsson, M.-C. & Jäderlund, A. (1998) Experiments on the effects of water availability and exclusion of fungal hyphae on nutrient uptake and establishment of Pinus sylvestris seedlings in carpets of the moss Pleurozium schreberi. Écoscience, 5, 77-85.
    • (1998) Écoscience , vol.5 , pp. 77-85
    • Zackrisson, O.1    Dahlberg, A.2    Norberg, G.3    Nilsson, M.-C.4    Jäderlund, A.5
  • 79
    • 0030620790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference mechanisms in conifer-Ericaceae-feathermoss communities
    • Zackrisson, O., Nilsson, M.-C., Dahlberg, A. & Jäderlund, A. (1997) Interference mechanisms in conifer-Ericaceae-feathermoss communities. Oikos, 78, 209-220.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.78 , pp. 209-220
    • Zackrisson, O.1    Nilsson, M.-C.2    Dahlberg, A.3    Jäderlund, A.4
  • 80
    • 0028975268 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration pulses and climate-vegetation interactions in nonpyrogenic boreal Scots pine stands
    • Zackrisson, O., Nilsson, M.-C., Steijlen, Y. & Hörnberg, G. (1995) Regeneration pulses and climate-vegetation interactions in nonpyrogenic boreal Scots pine stands. Journal of Ecology, 83, 469-483.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 469-483
    • Zackrisson, O.1    Nilsson, M.-C.2    Steijlen, Y.3    Hörnberg, G.4
  • 81
    • 0035871540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of browsing by ungulates on sapling growth of Scots pine in a Mediterranean environment: Consequences for forest regeneration
    • Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M., Hódar, J.A., Castro, J. & García, D. (2001) Effect of browsing by ungulates on sapling growth of Scots pine in a Mediterranean environment: consequences for forest regeneration. Forest Ecology and Management, 144, 33-42.
    • (2001) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.144 , pp. 33-42
    • Zamora, R.1    Gómez, J.M.2    Hódar, J.A.3    Castro, J.4    García, D.5
  • 83
    • 0002825716 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive process in boreal forest trees
    • eds H.H. Shugart, R. Leemans & G.B. Bonan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Zasada, J.C., Sharik, T.L. & Nygren, M. (1992) The reproductive process in boreal forest trees. System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest (eds H.H. Shugart, R. Leemans & G.B. Bonan), pp. 85-125. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1992) System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest , pp. 85-125
    • Zasada, J.C.1    Sharik, T.L.2    Nygren, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.