Spatiotemporal analysis of event-related potentials to upright, inverted, and contrast-reversed faces: Effects on encoding and recognition

Psychophysiology

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 643-653

  Itier, Roxane J ^a   Taylor, Margot J ^b   Lobaugh, Nancy J ^c  

^a ROTMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b CNRS   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Configuration; Contrast reversed; Event related potentials; Faces; Inverted; Multivariate analysis; Partial least squares; Spatiotemporal analysis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; PARIETAL LOBE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STIMULUS; TEMPORAL CORTEX;

EID: 1842570908     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00183.x     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Aguirre, G. K., Singh, R., & D'Esposito, M. (1999). Stimulus inversion and the responses of faces and object-sensitive cortical areas. Neuro Report, 10, 189-194.
2. Bartlett, J. C., & Searcy, J. (1993). Inversion and configuration of faces. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 281-316.
3. Baumann, R., Van der Zwan, R., & Peterhans, E. (1997). Figure-ground segregation at contours: A neural mechanism in the visual cortex of the alert monkey European Journal of Neuroscience, 9, 1290-303.
4. Baylis, G. C., & Driver, J. (2001). Shape-coding in IT cells generalizesover contrast and mirror reversal, but not figure-ground reversal. Nature Neuroscieuces, 4, 936-942.
5. Bentin, S., Allison, T., Puce, A., Perez, E., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 551-565.
6. Bötzel, K., Schulze, S., & Stodieck, S. R. (1995). Scalp topography and analysis of intracranial sources of face-evoked potentials. Experimental Brain Research, 104, 135-143.
7. Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (1997). Imaging cognition: An empirical review of PET studies with normal subjects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 1-26.
8. Donchin, E., & Hefdey, E. F. (1978). Multivariate analysis of event-related potential data: A tutorial review. In D. Otto (Ed.), Multidisciplinary perspectives in event-related brain potentials research (pp. 555-572). Washington DC: Environmental Protection Agency.
9. Duzel, E., Habib, R., Schott, B., Schoenfeld, A., Lobaugh, N., McIntosh, A. R., Scholz, M., & Heinze, H. J. (2003). A multivariate, spatiotemporal analysis of electromagnetic time-frequency data of recognition memory. NeuroImage, 18, 185-197.
10. Eimer, M. (2000). Effects of face inversion on the structural encoding and recognition of faces. Evidence from the event-related brain potentials. Cognitive Brain Research, 10, 145-158.
11. Fabiani, M., Gratton, G., Corballis, P. M., Cheng, J., & Friedman, D. (1998). Bootstrap assessment of the reliability of maxima in surface maps of brain activity of individual subjects derived with electrophysiological and optical methods. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 30, 78-86.
12. Farah, M. J., Tanaka, J. W., & Drain, H. M. (1995). What causes the face inversion effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 628-634.
13. Fletcher, P. C., Frith, C. D., & Rugg, M. D. (1997). The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 213-218.
14. Freire, A., Lee, K., & Symons, L. A. (2000). The face-inversion effect as a deficit in the encoding of configural information: Direct evidence. Perception, 29, 159-170.
15. Friston, K. I., Frith, C. D., Liddle, P. F., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993). Functional connectivity: The principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 13, 5-14.
16. Galper, R. E. (1970). Recognition of faces in photographic negative. Psychonomic Science, 19, 207-208.
17. George, N., Dolan, F. J., Fink, G. R., Baylis, G. C., Russell, C., & Driver, J. (1999). Contrast polarity and face recognition in the human fusiform gyrus. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 574-580.
18. George, N., Evans, J., Fiori, N., Davidoff, J., & Renault, B. (1996). Brain events related to normal and moderately scrambled faces. Cognitive Brain Research, 4, 65-76.
19. George, N., Jemel, B., Fiori, N., & Renault, B. (1997). Face and shape repetition effects in humans: A spatio-temporal ERP study. Neuroreport, 8, 1417-1423.
20. Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Clark, V. P., Schouten, J. L., Hoffman, E. A., & Martin, A. (1999). The effect of face inversion on activity in human neural systems for face and object perception. Neuron, 22, 189-199.
21. Hay, J. F., Kane, K. A., West, R., & Alain, C. (2002). Event-related neural activity associated with habit and recollection. Neuropsychologia, 40, 260-270.
22. Hochberg, J., & Galper, R. E. (1967). Recognition of faces: I. An exploratory study. Psychonomic Sciences, 9, 619-620.
23. Hole, G. J., George, P., & Dunsmore, V. (1999). Evidence for holistic processing of faces viewed as photographic negatives. Perception, 28, 341-359.
24. Itier, R. J., Lobaugh, N. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2001). The role of configural changes in face recognition, analyzed by PLS. NeuroImage, 13, S686.
25. Itier, R. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2002). Inversion and contrast-polarity reversal affect both encoding and recognition processes of unfamiliar faces: A repetition study using ERPs. NeuroImage, 15, 353-372.
26. Itier, R. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2004). N170 or N1? Spatiotemporal differences between object and face processing using ERPs. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 132-142.
27. Ito, M., Fujita, I., Tamura, H., & Tanaka, K. (1994). Processing of contrast polarity of visual images in inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey. Cerebral Cortex, 4, 499-508.
28. Johnston, A., Hill, H., & Carman, N. (1992). Recognising faces: Effects of lighting direction, inversion, and brightness reversal. Perception, 21, 365-375.
29. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 4302-4311.
30. Kanwisher, N., Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1998). The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area. Cognition, 68, B1-11.
31. Kemp, R., McManus, C., & Pigott, T. (1990). Sensitivity to the displacement of facial features in negative and inverted images. Perception, 19, 531-543.
32. Kemp, R., Pike, G., White, P., & Musselman, A. (1996). Perception and recognition of normal and negative faces: The role of shape from shading and pigmentation cues. Perception, 25, 37-52.
33. Kovacs, G., Sary, G., Koteles, K., Chadaide, Z., Tompa, T., Vogels, R., & Benedek, G. (2003). Effects of surface cues on macaque inferior temporal cortical responses. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 178-188.
34. Leder, H., & Bruce, V. (2000). When inverted faces are recognized: The role of configural information in face recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A, 53, 513-536.
35. Lewis, M. B., & Johnston, R. A. (1997). The Thatcher illusion as a test of configural disruption. Perception, 26, 225-227.
36. Linkenkaer-Hansen, K., Palva, J. M., Sams, M., Hietanen, J. K., Aronen, H. J., & Ilmoniemi, R. J. (1998). Face-selective processing in human extrastriate cortex around 120 ms after stimulus onset revealed by magneto- and electroencephalography. Neuroscience Letters, 253, 147-150.
37. Liu, C. H., & Chaudhuri, A. (1997). Face recognition with multi-tone and two-tone photographic negatives. Perception, 26, 1289-1296.
38. Lobaugh, N. J., West, R., & McIntosh, A. R. (2001). Spatiotemporal analysis of experimental differences in event-related potential data with partial least squares. Psychophysiology, 38, 517-530.
39. Makeig, S., Westerfield, M., Jung, T.-P., Covington, J., Townsend, J., Sejnowski, T. J., & Courchesne, E. (1999). Functionally independent components of the late positive event-related potential during visual spatial attention. Journal of Neurosciences, 19, 2665-2680.
40. McCarthy, G., Puce, A., Gore, J. C., & Allison, T. (1997). Face-specific processing in the human fusiform gyrus. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 604-609.
41. McDermott, K. B., Buckner, R. L., Petersen, S. E., Kelley, W. M., & Sanders, A. L. (1999). Set- and code-specific activation in frontal cortex: An fMRI study of encoding and retrieval of faces and words. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11, 631-640.
42. McIntosh, A. R., Bookstein, F. L., Haxby, J. V., & Grady, C. L. (1996). Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares. NeuroImage, 3, 143-157.
43. McIntosh, A. R., Lobaugh, N. J., Cabeza, R., Bookstein, F. L., & Houle, S. (1998). Convergence of neural systems processing stimulus associations and coordinating motor responses. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 648-659.
44. McIntosh, A. R., Rajah, M. N., & Lobaugh, N. J. (1999). Interactions of prefrontal cortex in relation to awareness in sensory learning. Science, 284, 1531-1533.
45. Michel, C. M., Thut, G., Morand, S., Khateb, A., Pegna, A. J., Grave de Peralta, R., Gonzales, S., Seeck, M., & Landis, T. (2001). Electric source imaging of human brain functions. Brain Research Review, 36, 108-118.
46. Moeller, J. R., Strother, S. C., Sidtis, J. J., & Rottenberg, D. A. (1987). Scaled subprofile model: A statistical approach to the analysis of functional patterns in positron emission tomographic data. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, 649-658.
47. O'Donnell, B. F., McCarley, R. W., Potts, G. F., Salisbury, D. F., Nestor, P. G., Hirayasu, Y., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Barnard, J., Shen, Z. J., Weinstein, D. M., Bookstein, F. L., & Shenton, M. E. (1999). Identification of neural circuits underlying P300 abnormalities in schizophrenia. Psychophysiology, 36, 388-398.
48. Perrett, D. I., Smith, P. A., Potter, D. D., Mistlin, A. J., Head, A. S., Milner, A. D., & Jeeves, M. A. (1984). Neurons responsive to faces in the temporal cortex: Studies of functional organization, sensitivity to identity and relation to perception. Human Neurobiology, 3, 197-208.
49. Puce, A., Allison, T., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1995). Face-sensitive regions in human extrastriate cortex studied by functional MRI. Journal of Neurophysiology, 74, 1192-1199.
50. Rebai, M., Poiroux, S., Bernard, C., & Lalonde, R. (2001). Event-related potentials for category-specific information during passive viewing of faces and objects. International Journal of Neuroscience, 106, 209-226.
51. Rhodes, G., Brake, S., & Atkinson, A. P. (1993). What's lost in inverted faces? Cognition, 47, 25-57.
52. Rossion, B., Delvenne, J. F., Debatisse, D., Goffaux, V., Bruyer, R., Crommelinck, M., & Guerit, J. M. (1999). Spatio-temporal localization of the face inversion effect: An event-related potentials study. Biological Psychology, 50, 173-189.
53. Rossion, B., Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Despland, P., Bruyer, R., Linotte, S., & Crommelinck, M. (2000). The N170 occipito-temporal component is delayed and enhanced to inverted faces but not to inverted objects: An electrophysiological account of face-specific processes in the human brain. Neuro Report, 11, 69-74.
54. Rugg, M. D., Cox, C. J. C., Doyle, M. C., & Wells, T. (1995). Event-related potentials and the recollection of low and high frequency words. Neuropsychologia, 33, 471-484.
55. Searcy, J. H., & Bartlett, J. C. (1996). Inversion and processing of component and spatial-relational information in faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 904-915.
56. Shibata, T., Nishijo, H., Tamura, R., Miyamoto, K., Eifuku, S., Endo, S., & Ono, T. (2002). Generators of visual evoked potentials for faces and eyes in the human brain as determined by dipole localization. Brain Topography, 15, 51-63.
57. Sugase, Y., Yamane, S., Ueno, S., & Kawano, K. (1999). Global and fine information coded by single neurons in the temporal visual cortex. Nature, 400, 869-873.
58. Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 225-245.
59. Taylor, M. J. (2002). Non-spatial attentional effects on P1. Clinical Neurophysiology, 113, 1903-1908.
60. Taylor, M. J., Edmonds, G. E., McCarthy, G., & Allison, T. (2001). Eyes first! Eye processing develops before face processing in children. Neuroreport, 12, 1671-1676.
61. Watanabe, S., Kakigi, R., & Puce, A. (2003). The spatiotemporal dynamics of the face inversion effect: A magneto- and electroencephalographic study. Neuroscience, 116, 879-895.
62. Wilding, E. L. (2000). In what way does the parietal old/new effect index recollection? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35, 81-87.
63. Wold, H. (1975). Path models with latent variables: The NIPALS approach. In H. M. Blalock, A. Aganbegian, F. M. Borodkin, R. Boudon, & V. Cappecchi (Eds.), Quantitative sociology: International perspectives on mathematical and statistical modeling (pp. 307-357). New York: Academic Press.
64. Yin, R. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 141-145.