Diagnostic approaches to severe, atypical toxoplasmosis mimicking acute retinal necrosis

Ophthalmology

Volumn 111, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 716-725

  Moshfeghi, Darius M ^a   Dodds, Emilio M ^c   Couto, Cristóbal A ^d   Santos, Carmen I ^e   Nicholson, Donald H ^f   Lowder, Careen Y ^b   Davis, Janet L ^f  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c Buenos Aires   (Argentina)

^d UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

^e Hyde Park Ophthalmology Group   (Puerto Rico)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBODY DETECTION; AQUEOUS HUMOR; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CHORIORETINITIS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFECT; EMPIRICISM; EYE BIOPSY; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INJECTION; LABORATORY TEST; LIGHT; MALE; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATIENT SELECTION; PERCEPTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA NECROSIS; TOXOPLASMOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISUAL ACUITY; VITREOUS BODY;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; AQUEOUS HUMOR; CHORIORETINITIS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, OPHTHALMOLOGICAL; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RETINAL NECROSIS SYNDROME, ACUTE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TOXOPLASMOSIS, OCULAR; VITREOUS BODY;

EID: 1842528765     PISSN: 01616420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.07.004     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Dodds E.M. Ocular toxoplasmosis clinical presentations, diagnosis, and therapy. Focal Points. Clin Modules Ophthalmol. 17:1999;1-13.
2. Perkins E.S. Ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 57:1973;1-17.
3. Weiner A., BenEzra D. Clinical patterns and associated conditions in chronic uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 112:1991;151-158.
4. Nicholson D.H., Wolchok E.B. Ocular toxoplasmosis in an adult receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 94:1976;248-254.
5. Hoerni B., Vallat M., Durand M., Pesme D. Ocular toxoplasmosis and Hodgkin's disease report of two cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 96:1978;62-63.
6. Sabates R., Pruett R.C., Brockhurst R.J. Fulminant ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 92:1981;497-503.
7. Pass R.F., Morris R.E., Shaw J.F., Diethelm A.G. Ocular toxoplasmosis after renal transplantation. South Med J. 74:1981;1033-1034.
8. Holland G.N., Pepose J.S., Pettit T.H., et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ocular manifestations. Ophthalmology. 90:1983;859-873.
9. Yeo J.H., Jakobiec F.A., Iwamoto T., et al. Opportunistic toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis following chemotherapy for systemic lymphoma. A light and electron microscopy study. Ophthalmology. 90:1983;885-898.
10. Weiss A., Margo C.E., Ledford D.K., et al. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis as an initial manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 101:1986;248-249.
11. Parke D.W. III, Font R.L. Diffuse toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in a patient with AIDS. Arch Ophthalmol. 104:1986;571-575.
12. Heinemann M.H., Gold J.M.W., Maisel J. Bilateral toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Retina. 6:1986;224-227.
13. Pauleikhoff D., Messmer E., Beelen D.W., et al. Bone-marrow transplantation and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 225:1987;239-243.
14. Holland G.N., Engstrom R.E. Jr, Glasgow B.J., et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 106:1988;653-667.
15. Singer M.A., Hagler W.S., Grossniklaus H.E. Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis after liver transplantation. Retina. 13:1993;40-45.
16. Brinkman K., Debast S., Sauerwein R., et al. Toxoplasma retinitis/encephalitis 9 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 21:1998;635-636.
17. Johnson M.W., Greven C.M., Jaffe G.J., et al. Atypical, severe toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in elderly patients. Ophthalmology. 104:1997;48-57.
18. Labalette P., Delhaes L., Margaron F., et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis after the fifth decade. Am J Ophthalmol. 133:2002;506-515.
19. Fardeau C., Romand S., Rao N.A., et al. Diagnosis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis with atypical clinical features. Am J Ophthalmol. 134:2002;196-203.
20. Rao N.A., Font R.L. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis electron-microscopic and immunofluorescence studies of formalin-fixed tissue. Arch Ophthalmol. 95:1977;273-277.
21. Reese L.T., Shafer D.M., Zweifach P.P. Acute acquired toxoplasmosis. Ann Ophthalmol. 13:1981;467-470.
22. Benson M.T., Parsons M.A., Talbot J.F., Rennie I.G. Aggressive toxoplasma retinitis. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 70:1992;795-800.
23. de Boer J.H., Luyendijk L., Rothova A., et al. Detection of intraocular antibody production to herpesviruses in acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 117:1994;201-210.
24. Manners R.M., O'Connell S., Guy E.C., et al. Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of acquired ocular toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent adult. Br J Ophthalmol. 78:1994;583-584.
25. Greven C.M., Teot L.A. Cytologic identification of Toxoplasma gondii from vitreous fluid. Arch Ophthalmol. 112:1994;1086-1088.
26. Desmonts G. Definitive serological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 76:1966;839-851.
27. Witmer R. Clinical implications of aqueous humor studies in uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 86:1978;39-44.
28. Miller D., Davis J., Rosa R., et al. Utility of tissue culture for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in vitreous humor of patients diagnosed with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. J Clin Microbiol. 38:2000;3840-3842.
29. Dabil H., Boley M.L., Schmitz T.M., Van Gelder R.N. Validation of a diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for infectious posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 119:2001;1315-1322.
30. Bosch-Driessen L.H., Plaisier M.B., Stilma J.S., et al. Reactivations of ocular toxoplasmosis after cataract extraction. Ophthalmology. 109:2002;41-45.
31. Elkins B.S., Holland G.N., Opremcak E.M., et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis misdiagnosed as cytomegalovirus retinopathy in immunocompromised patients. Ophthalmology. 101:1994;499-507.
32. Ridley M.E., McDonald H.R., Sternberg P. Jr, et al. Retinal manifestations of ocular lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma). Ophthalmology. 99:1992;1153-1160.
33. Baarsma G.S., Luyendijk L., Kijlstra A., et al. Analysis of local antibody production in vitreous humor of patients with severe uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 112:1991;147-150.
34. de Boer J.H., Verhagen C., Bruinenberg M., et al. Serologic and polymerase chain reaction analysis of intraocular fluids in the diagnosis of infectious uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 121:1996;650-658.
35. Davis J.L., Feuer W., Culbertson W.W., Pflugfelder S.C. Interpretation of intraocular and serum antibody levels in necrotizing retinitis. Retina. 15:1995;233-240.
36. Garweg J.G., Jacquier P., Boehnke M. Early aqueous humor analysis in patients with human ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 38:2000;996-1001.
37. Freeman W.R., Wiley C.A., Gross J.G., et al. Endoretinal biopsy in immunosuppressed and healthy patients with retinitis. Indications, utility, and techniques. Ophthalmology. 96:1989;1559-1565.
38. Saiki R.K., Gelfand D.H., Stoffel S., et al. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 239:1988;487-491.
39. Burg J.L., Grover C.M., Pouletty P., Boothroyd J.C. Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 27:1989;1787-1792.
40. Brézin A.P., Egwuagu C.E., Burnier M. Jr, et al. Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in paraffin-embedded sections by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Ophthalmol. 110:1990;599-604.
41. Brézin A.P., Silveira C., Egwuagu C.E., et al. Analysis of aqueous humor in ocular toxoplasmosis. [letter] N Engl J Med. 324:1991;699.
42. Aouizerate F., Cazenave J., Poirier L., et al. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humour by the polymerase chain reaction. Br J Ophthalmol. 77:1993;107-109.
43. Montoya J.G., Parmley S., Liesenfeld O., et al. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 106:1999;1554-1563.
44. Bou G., Figueroa M.S., Martí-Belda P., et al. Value of PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humor and blood samples from immunocompetent patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1999;3465-3468.
45. Figueroa M.S., Bou G., Marti-Belda P., et al. Diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction in blood and aqueous humor in immunocompetent patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Retina. 20:2000;614-619.
46. Executive Committee of the American Uveitis Society, Holland G.N. Standard diagnostic criteria for the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 117:1994;663-667.
47. Culbertson W.W., Blumenkranz M.S., Pepose J.S., et al. Varicella zoster virus is a cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Ophthalmology. 93:1986;559-569.
48. Rahhal F.M., Siegel L.M., Russak V., et al. Clinicopathologic correlations in acute retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. Arch Ophthalmol. 114:1996;1416-1419.
49. Duker J.S., Blumenkranz M.S. Diagnosis and management of the acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol. 35:1991;327-343.
50. Rummelt V., Wenkel H., Rummelt C., et al. Detection of varicella zoster virus DNA and viral antigen in the late stage of bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 110:1992;1132-1136.
51. Knox C.M., Chandler D., Short G.A., Margolis T.P. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays of vitreous samples for the diagnosis of viral retinitis. Use in diagnostic dilemmas. Ophthalmology. 105:1998;37-44., discussion 44-5.
52. Ganatra J.B., Chandler D., Santos C., et al. Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 129:2000;166-172.
53. Pendergast S.D., Werner J., Drevon A., Wiedbrauk D.L. Absence of herpesvirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in ocular fluids obtained from immunocompetent patients. Retina. 20:2000;389-393.