Mass use of insecticide-treated bednets in malaria endemic poor countries: Public health concerns and remedies

Journal of Public Health Policy

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 9-22

  Ehiri, John E ^a   Anyanwu, Ebere C ^a   Scarlett, Henroy ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Exposure; Health and environmental impact; Insecticide treated bednets; Malaria control; Safety education

Indexed keywords

CIPERMETHRIN; CYFLUTHRIN; DELTAMETHRIN; ETOFENPROX; INSECTICIDE; PERMETHRIN; PYRETHROID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AFRICA; BED NET; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EDUCATION PROGRAM; ENDEMIC DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; HEALTH HAZARD; LAW; LD 50; MALARIA CONTROL; REVIEW; SKIN TOXICITY; UNITED NATIONS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

BEDDING AND LINENS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ENDEMIC DISEASES; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMANS; INSECTICIDES; MALARIA; MOSQUITO CONTROL; POVERTY;

EID: 1842528252     PISSN: 01975897     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3190001     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Global Partnership to Roll Back Malaria. Scaling-up insecticide-treated netting program in Africa. A strategic framework for coordinated national action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002 (document WHO/CDS/RBM/2002.43.)
2. World Health Organization. Roll back Malaria: 2001-2010-United Nations Decade to Roll Back Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/InformationSheeto2.pdf (Accessed: August 15, 2003).
3. Hamann B. Disease Identification, Prevention, and Control (second ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
4. World Health Organization. Safety of pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets. 1999. WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). WHO Document: WHO/CDS/CPE/WHOPES/99.5. http://www.http://wwwwho.int/ctd/whopes/sptmn_eng.pdf (Accessed: December 5, 2003).
5. Habluetzel A, Cuzin N, Diallo DA, et al. Insecticide-treated curtains reduce the prevalence and intensity of malaria infection in Burkina Faso. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1999; 4:8; 557-564.
6. CuzinQuattara N, Van den Broek AH, Habluetzel A, et al. Wide-scale installation of insecticide-treated curtains confers high levels of protection against malaria transmission in a hyper-endemic area of Burkina Faso. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999; 93:5; 473-479.
7. Lengeler C. Insecticide-treated bednets and curtains for preventing malaria (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
8. Hirsch B, Gallegos C, Knausenberger W, Arata A. Programmatic environmental assessment for insecticide-treated materials in USAID activities in sub-Saharan Africa. Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Sustainable Development. 2002. http://www.afr-sd.org/documents/iee/docs/32_ITM_PEA.doc (Accessed: August 25, 2003).
9. Tomlin CDS (Ed.) The pesticide manual - a world compendium. 11th ed. London: British Crop Protection Council; 1997.
10. World Health Organization. Recommended classification of pesticides by hazard, and guidelines to classification, 1998-1999. International Program on Chemical safety. Geneva: WHO. WHO Document: WHO/PCS/98.21. 1998.
11. European Commission. European Commission Directive 67/548/EEC of 1967 (9th Amendment: Directive 1999/33/EC) on classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances. Brussels: European Commission; 1999.
12. Zaim M, Aitio A, Nashima N. Safety of pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets. Medical & Veterinary Entomology 2000; 14: 1-5.
13. Barlow SM, Sullivan FM, Lines J. "Risk assessment of the use of delta-methrin on bednets for the prevention of malaria." Food and Chemical Toxicology 2001; 39:407-422.
14. World Health Organization. Instructions for treatment and use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets. WHO Document: WHO/CDS/RBM/2002.41: WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2002.4. http://www.emro.who.int/rbm/Background%20Documents/Mosquito%20English/ Mos-english.pdf
15. Moses M, Johnson ES, Anger WK, et al. Environmental equity and pesticide exposure. Toxicology and Industrial Health 1993; 9:5; 913-959.
16. Muller-Mohnssen H. Chronic sequelae and irreversible injuries following acute pyrethroid intoxication. Toxicology Letters 1999; 107:161.
17. Briggs, J. A literature review of the environmental impact on aquatic life of pyrethroids used for mosquito net impregnation in Bolivia. The Malaria Consortium and Population Services International (PSI) of Bolivia. Liverpool, England: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. February 2000.
18. Akhabuhaya J, Castillo L, Dinham B, et al. Multistakeholder collaboration for reduced exposure to pesticides in developing countries: recommendations to SIDA. Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA): Stockholm, Sweden. 2000 http://www.pan-uk.org/briefing/Xroads.pdf (Accessed: September 3, 2003).
19. Jewell T. Pesticide risks in Cameroon, the Gambia and Tanzania. Pesticide News 1999; 46:6-8.
20. Dalessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, et al. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of impregnated bednet program. Lancet 1995; 345:8948; 479-483.
21. Plestina R. "Safe Use of Pesticides Within the WHO Program." Report of the Workshop and Symposium on Strengthening Pesticide Regulations - The Philippines. December 1989.
22. US Environmental Protection Agency. Citizen's guide to pest control and pesticide safety: Using chemical pest controls. http://www.epa.gov/OPPT-pubs/cit_guide.pdf (Accessed: October 16, 2003).
23. Pesticide safety. http://www.pesticidesafety.uiuc.edu/facts/symptoms. html (Accessed: October 16, 2003).
24. World Health Organization. Report of the third WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) Working Group meeting, WHO/HQ, Geneva, 23-24 September 1999. Geneva: World Health Organization 1999. WHO Document: CDS/CPE/WHOPES/99.4.
25. Health Canada. The Canadian handbook on health impact assessment. Ottawa: Health Canada. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ehp/ehd/oeha/hia/2001. (Accessed: August 31, 2003).
26. Frankish CJ, Green LW, Ratner PA, et al. Health impact assessment as a tool for population health promotion and public policy. Institute of Health Promotion Research, University of British Columbia. http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hppb/healthpromotiondevelopment/pube/impact/impact.htm 1996. (Accessed: August 31, 2003).
27. World Health Organization. Safe and effective use of household insecticide products Guide for the production of educational and training materials. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1999b. WHO Document: WHO/ CDS/CPC/WHOPES/99.1. http://www.who.int/ctd/whopes/SafeUseHousehold.pdf (Accessed: September 3, 2003).
28. World Health Organization. Health impact assessment methods and strategies (HMS). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. http://www.who.dk/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/HMS/Home 2002. (Accessed: August 15, 2003).
29. Chavasse DC, Reed C, Attawell K. Insecticide Treated Net Projects: A Handbook for Managers. London, England: Malaria Consortium, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; 1999.
30. Food and Agricultural Organization. FAO Pesticide Management Guidelines. Rome: Plant Protection Service, Pesticide Management Unit, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). 1991. http://www.ecoport.org/REFS/Pesticid/Guides/guides.htm (Accessed: January 22, 2004).