Alternative imaging techniques

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 75-96

  Beggs, Ian ^a  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT; ARTHROGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CONTRAST MEDIUM EXTRAVASATION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FROZEN SHOULDER; GRAY SCALE ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; JOINT INSTABILITY; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; OSTEOPHYTE; PREDICTION; REVIEW; ROTATOR CUFF; SCINTIGRAPHY; SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME; SHOULDER RADIOGRAPHY;

CONTRAST MEDIA; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; SHOULDER JOINT;

EID: 1842506678     PISSN: 10649689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2003.12.003     Document Type: Review

References (175)

1. Reed S.C., Welsh P. The vacuum arthrogram in the shoulder: correlation with rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 5:1996;368-370.
2. Mitchell M.J., Causey G., Berthoty D.P., Sartoris D.J., Resnick D. Peribursal fat plane of the shoulder: anatomic study and clinical experience. Radiology. 168:1988;699-704.
3. Burk D.L. Jr., Karasick D., Mitchell D.G., Rifkin M.D. MR imaging of the shoulder: correlation with plain radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154:1990;549-553.
4. Loew M., Sabo D., Mau H., Perlick L., Wehrle M. Proton spin tomography imaging of the rotator cuff in calcific tendonitis of the shoulder. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 134:1996;354-359.
5. Maier M., Stäbler A., Schmitz C., Lienemann A., Köhler S., Dürr H.R. et al. On the impact of calcified deposits within the rotator cuff tendons in shoulders of patients with shoulder pain and dysfunction. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 121:2001;371-378.
6. Loew M., Sabo D., Wehrle M., Mau H. Relationship between calcifying tendonitis and subacromial impingement: a prospective radiography and magnetic resonance imaging study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 5:1996;314-319.
7. Refior H., Krödel A., Melzer C. Examinations of the pathology of the rotator cuff. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 106:1987;301-308.
8. Gotoh M., Higuchi F., Suzuki R., Yamanaka K. Progression from calcifying tendonitis to rotator cuff tear. Skeletal Radiol. 32:2003;86-89.
9. Cotton R.E., Rideout D.F. Tears of the humeral rotator cuff: a radiological and pathological necropsy survey. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 46:1964;314-328.
10. Kotzen L.M. Roentgen diagnosis of rotator cuff tear: report of 48 surgically proven cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 112:1971;507-511.
11. Cone R.O. III, Resnick D., Danzig L. Shoulder impingement syndrome: radiographic evaluation. Radiology. 150:1984;29-33.
12. Hardy D.C., Vogler J.B. III, White R.H. The shoulder impingement syndrome: prevalence of radiographic findings and correlation with response to therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 147:1986;557-561.
13. Kilcoyne R.F., Reddy P.K., Lyons F., Rockwood C.A. Jr. Optimal plane film imaging of the shoulder impingement syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 153:1989;795-797.
14. Brossmann J., Preidler K.W., Pedowitz R.A., White L.M., Trudell D., Resnick D. Shoulder impingement syndrome: influence of shoulder position on rotator cuff impingement - an anatomic study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167:1996;1511-1515.
15. Huang L.F., Rubin D.A., Britton C.A. Greater tuberosity changes as revealed by radiography: lack of clinical usefulness in patients with rotator cuff disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172:1999;1381-1388.
16. Bonsell S., Pearsall A.W. IV, Heitman R.J., Helms C.A., Major N.M., Speer K. The relationship of age, gender, and degenerative changes observed on radiographs of the shoulder in asymptomatic individuals. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 82:2000;1135-1139.
17. Pearsall A.W. IV, Bonsell S., Heitman R.J., Helms C.A., Osbahr D., Speer K. Radiographic findings associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 12:2003;122-127.
18. Petersson C.J., Redlund-Johnell I. The subacromial space in normal shoulder radiographs. Acta Orthop Scan. 55:1984;57-58.
19. Kaneko K., De Mouy E.H., Brunet M.E. Massive rotator cuff tears. Screening by routine radiographs. Clin Imaging. 19:1995;8-11.
20. Bigliani L.U., Morrison D.S., April E.W. The morphology of the acromion and rotator cuff impingement. Orthop Trans. 10:1986;228.
21. Morrison D.S., Bigliani L.U. The clinical significance of variation in acromial morphology. Orthop Trans. 11:1987;234.
22. Bigliani L.U., Ticher J.B., Flatlow E.L., Soslowsky L.J., Mow V.C. The relationship of acromial architecture to rotator cuff disease. Clin Sports Med. 10:1991;823-828.
23. Vanarthos W., Monu J. Type 4 acromion: a new classification. Contemp Orthop. 30:1995;227-229.
24. Neer C.S. II. Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 54:1972;41-50.
25. Neer C.S. II. Impingement lesions. Clin Orthop. 173:1983;70-77.
26. Neer C.S. II, Poppen N.K. Supraspinatus outlet. Orthop Trans. 11:1987;234.
27. Reichmister J.P., Reeder J.D., McCarthy E. Ossification of the coracoacromial ligament: association with rotator cuff pathology of the shoulder. Md Med J. 45:1996;849-852.
28. Getz J.D., Recht M.P., Piraino D.W., Schils J.P., Latimer B.M., Jellema L.M., et al. Acromial morphology: relation to sex, age, symmetry, and subacromial enthesophytes. Radiology. 199:1996;737-742.
29. Edelson J.G., Taitz C. Anatomy of the coraco-acromial arch. Relation to degeneration of the acromion. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 74:1992;589-594.
30. Prato N., Peloso D., Franconeri A., Tegaldo G., Ravera G.B., Silvestri E., et al. The anterior tilt of the acromion: radiographic evaluation and correlation with shoulder disease. Eur Radiol. 8:1998;1639-1646.
31. Tuite M.J., Toivonen D.A., Orwin J.F., Wright D.H. Acromial angle on radiographs of the shoulder: correlation with the impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 165:1995;609-613.
32. Edelson J.G. The 'hooked' acromion revisited. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 77:1995;284-287.
33. Speer K.P., Osbahr D.C., Montella B.J., Apple A.S., Mair S.D. Acromial morphotype in the young asymptomatic athletic shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 10:2001;434-437.
34. Peh W.C.G., Farmer T.H.R., Totty W.G. Acromial arch shape: assessment with MR imaging. Radiology. 195:1995;501-505.
35. Petje G., Manndorff P., Aigner N., Landsiedl F., Ganger R. Radiographic evaluation of the acromion in impingement syndrome: comparison with arthroscopic findings in 147 shoulders. Acta Orthop Scand. 71:2000;609-612.
36. Wang J.C., Hatch J.D., Shapiro M.S. Comparison of MRI and radiographs in the evaluation of acromial morphology. Orthopedics. 23:2000;1269-1271.
37. Haygood T.M., Langlotz C.P., Kneeland J.B., Iannoti J.P., Williams G.R. Jr., Dalinka M.K. Categorization of acromial shape: interobserver variability with MR imaging and conventional radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162:1994;1377-1382.
38. Bright A.S., Torpey B., Magid D., Codd T., McFarland E.G. Reliability of radiographic evaluation for acromial morphology. Skeletal Radiol. 26:1997;718-721.
39. Jacobson S.R., Speer K.P., Moor J.T., Janda D.H., Saddemi S.R., MacDonald P.B., et al. Reliability of radiographic assessment of acromial morphology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 4:1995;449-453.
40. Sammarco V.J. Os acromiale: frequency, anatomy, and clinical implications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82:2000;394-400.
41. Warner J.J.P., Beim G.M., Higgins L. The treatment of symptomatic os acromiale. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 80:1998;1320-1326.
42. Blanchard T.K., Bearcroft P.W., Dixon A.K., Lomas D.J., Teale A., Constant C.R., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging or arthrography of the shoulder: which do patients prefer? Br J Radiol. 70:1997;786-790.
43. Binkert C.A., Zanetti M., Hodler J. Patients' assessment of discomfort during MR arthrography of the shoulder. Radiology. 221:2001;775-778.
44. Goldman A.B., Ghelman B. The double-contrast shoulder arthrogram. A review of 158 studies. Radiology. 127:1978;655-663.
45. Mink J.H., Harris E., Rappaport M. Rotator cuff tears: evaluation using double-contrast shoulder arthrography. Radiology. 157:1985;621-623.
46. Farin P.U., Kaukanen E., Jaroma H., Vaatainene U., Miettinen H., Soimakallio S. Site and size of rotator-cuff tear. Findings at ultrasound, double-contrast arthrography, and computed tomography arthrography with surgical correlation. Invest Radiol. 31:1996;387-394.
47. Stiles R.G., Resnick D., Sartoris D.J., Andre M. Rotator cuff disruption: diagnosis with digital arthrography. Radiology. 168:1988;705-707.
48. Blanchard T.K., Constant C.R., Bearcroft P.W., Marshall T.J., Dixon A.K. Imaging of the rotator cuff: an arthrographic pitfall. Eur Radiol. 8:1998;817-819.
49. Grant L.B. Jr. Full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears with intact superior glenohumeral capsule. Arthroscopy. 9:1993;186-189.
50. Burk D.L. Jr., Karasick D., Kurtz A.B., Mitchell D.G., Rifkin M.D., Miller C.L., et al. Rotator cuff tears: prospective comparison of MR imaging with arthrography, sonography and surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 153:1989;87-92.
51. Misamore G.W., Woodward C. Evaluation of degenerative lesions of the rotator cuff. A comparison of arthrography and ultrasonography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 73:1991;704-706.
52. Resnik C.S., Fronek J., Frey C., Gershuni D., Resnick D. Intra-articular pressure determination during glenohumeral joint arthrography. Preliminary investigation. Invest Radiol. 19:1984;45-50.
53. Mulcahy K.A., Baxter A.D., Oni O.O.A., Finlay D. The value of shoulder distension arthrography with intraarticular injection of steroid and local anaesthetic: a follow-up study. Br J Radiol. 67:1994;263-266.
54. Emig E.W., Schweitzer M.E., Karasick D., Lubowitz J. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: MR diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164:1995;1457-1459.
55. Connell D., Padmanabhan R., Buchbinder R. Adhesive capsulitis: role of MR imaging in differential diagnosis. Eur Radiol. 12:2002;2100-2106.
56. Manton G.L., Schweitzer M.E., Weishaupt D., Karasick D. Utility of MR arthrography in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. Skeletal Radiol. 30:2001;326-330.
57. Weiss J.J., Ting Y.M. Arthrography-assisted intra-articular injection of steroids in treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 59:1978;285-287.
58. Loyd J.A., Loyd H.M. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: arthrographic diagnosis and treatment. South Med J. 76:1983;879-883.
59. Gavant M.L., Rizk T.E., Gold R.E., Flick P.A. Distension arthrography in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 5:1994;305-308.
60. Laroche M., Ighilahriz O., Moulinier L., Constantin A., Cantagrel A., Mazieres B. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: an open study of 40 cases treated by joint distension during arthrography followed by an intraarticular corticosteroid injection and immediate physical therapy. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 65:1998;313-319.
61. Older M.W., McIntyre J.L., Lloyd G.J. Distension arthrography of the shoulder joint. Can J Surg. 19:1976;203-207.
62. Nobuhara K., Supapo A.R., Hino T. Effects of joint distension in shoulder diseases. Clin Orthop. 304:1994;25-29.
63. van Royen B.J., Pavlov P.W. Treatment of frozen shoulder by distension and manipulation under local anaesthesia. Int Orthop. 20:1996;207-210.
64. Jacobs L.G., Barton M.A., Wallace W.A., Ferrousis J., Dunn N.A., Bossingham D.H. Intra-articular distension and steroids in the management of capsulitis of the shoulder. BMJ. 302:1991;1498-1501.
65. Lee J.H.E., van Raalte V., Malian V. Diagnosis of SLAP lesions with Grashey-view arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 32:2003;388-395.
66. Baker K.S., Gilula L.A. The current role of tenography and bursography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154:1990;129-133.
67. Calvert P.T., Packer N.P., Stoker D.J., Bayley J.I., Kessel L. Arthrography of the shoulder after operative repair of the torn rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 68:1986;147-150.
68. Naimark A., Baum A. Injection of the subcoracoid bursa: a cause of technical failure in shoulder arthrography. Can Assoc Radiol J. 40:1989;170-171.
69. Seibold C.J., Mallisee T.A., Erickson S.J., Boynton M.D., Raasch W.G., Timins M.E. Rotator cuff: evaluation with US and MR imaging. Radiographics. 19:1999;685-705.
70. Middleton W.D. Status of rotator cuff sonography. Radiology. 173:1989;307-309.
71. Brandt T.D., Cardone B.W., Grant T.H., Post M., Weiss C.A. Rotator cuff sonography: a reassessment. Radiology. 173:1989;323-327.
72. Wohlwend J.R., van Holsbeeck M., Craig J., et al. The association between irregular greater tuberosities and rotator cuff tears: a sonographic study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171:1998;229-233.
73. Hollister M.S., Mack L.A., Patten R.M., Winter T.C. III, Matsen F.A. III, Veith R.R. Association of sonographically detected subacromial/subdeltoid bursal effusion and intraarticular fluid with rotator cuff tear. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 165:1995;605-608.
74. Arslan G., Apaydin A., Kabaalioglu A., Sindel T., Luleci E. Sonographically detected subacromial/subdeltoid bursal effusions and biceps tendon sheath fluid: reliable signs of rotator cuff tear? J Clin Ultrasound. 27:1999;335-339.
75. Crass J.R., Craig E.V., Feinberg S.B. Ultrasonography of rotator cuff tears: a review of 500 diagnostic studies. J Clin Ultrasound. 16:1988;313-327.
76. Drakeford M.K., Quinn M.J., Simpson S.L., Pettine K.A. A comparative study of ultrasonography and arthrography in evaluation of the rotator cuff. Clin Orthop. 253:1990;118-122.
77. Olive R.J. Jr., Marsh H.O. Ultrasonography of rotator cuff tears. Clin Orthop. 282:1992;110-113.
78. Soble M.G., Kaye A.D., Guay R.C. Rotator cuff tear: clinical experience with sonographic detection. Radiology. 173:1989;319-321.
79. Paavolainen P., Ahovuo J. Ultrasonography and arthrography in the diagnosis of tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76:1994;335-340.
80. Farin P.U., Jaroma H. Acute traumatic tears of the rotator cuff: value of sonography. Radiology. 197:1995;269-273.
81. Teefey S.A., Hasan S.A., Middleton W.D., Patel M., Wright R.W., Yamaguchi K. Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff. A comparison of ultrasonographic and arthroscopic findings in 100 consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82:2000;498-504.
82. Swen W.A., Jacobs J.W., Neve W.C., Bal D., Bijlsma J.W. Is sonography performed by the rheumatologist as useful as arthrography executed by the radiologist for the assessment of full thickness rotator cuff tears? J Rheumatol. 25:1998;1800-1806.
83. Swen W.A., Jacobs J.W., Algra P.R., Manoliu R.A., Rijkmans J., Willems W.J., et al. Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging equivalent for the assessment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Arthritis Rheum. 42:1999;2231-2238.
84. Roberts C.S., Walker J.A. II, Seligson D. Diagnostic capabilities of shoulder ultrasonography in the detection of complete and partial rotator cuff tears. Am J Orthop. 30:2001;159-162.
85. Martin-Hervas C., Romero J., Navas-Acien A., Reboiras J.J., Munuera L. Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance images of rotator cuff lesions compared with arthroscopy or open surgery findings. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 10:2001;410-415.
86. Zehetgruber H., Lang T., Wurnig C. Distinction between supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis tendon tears with ultrasound in 332 surgically confirmed cases. Ultrasound Med Biol. 28:2002;711-717.
87. Ferrari F.S., Governi S., Burresi F., Vigni F., Stefani P. Supraspinatus tendon tears: comparison of US and MRI arthrography with surgical correlation. Eur Radiol. 12:2002;1211-1217.
88. Hodler J., Terrier B., von Schulthess G.K., Fuchs W.A. MRI and sonography of the shoulder. Clin Radiol. 43:1991;323-327.
89. Wallny T.A., Theuerkauf I., Schild R.L., Perlick L., Bertelsbeck D.S. The three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of the rotator cuff: an experimental study. Eur J Ultrasound. 11:2000;135-141.
90. Lee H.S., Joo K.B., Park C.K., Kim Y.S., Jeong W.K., Kim Y.S., et al. Sonography of the shoulder after arthrography (arthrosonography): preliminary results. J Clin Ultrasound. 30:2002;23-32.
91. Gerber C., Fuchs B., Hodler J. The results of repair of massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82:2000;505-515.
92. Farin P.U., Kaukanen E., Jaroma H., Vaatainene U., Miettinen H., Soimakallio S. Site and size of rotator-cuff tear. Findings at ultrasound, double-contrast arthrography, and computed tomography arthrography with surgical correlation. Invest Radiol. 31:1996;387-394.
93. Prickett W.D., Teefey S.A., Galatz L.M., Calfee R.P., Middleton W.D., Yamaguchi K. Accuracy of ultrasound imaging of the rotator cuff in shoulders that are painful postoperatively. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85:2003;1084-1898.
94. Kluger R., Mayrhofer R., Kroner A., Pabinger C., Partan G., Hruby W., et al. Sonographic versus magnetic resonance arthrographic evaluation of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in millimeters. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 12:2003;110-116.
95. Wallny T., Wagner U.A., Prange S., Schmitt O., Reich H. Evaluation of chronic tears of the rotator cuff by ultrasound. A new index. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 81:1999;675-678.
96. Teefey S.A., Middleton W.D., Bauer G.S., Hildebolt C.F., Yamaguchi K. Sonographic differences in the appearance of acute and chronic full-thickness rotator cuff tears. J Ultrasound Med. 19:2000;377-378. 383.
97. Paavolainen P., Ahovuo J. Ultrasonography and arthrography in the diagnosis of tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76:1994;335-340.
98. Read J.W., Perko M. Shoulder ultrasound: diagnostic accuracy for impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, and biceps tendon pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 7:1998;264-271.
99. van Holsbeeck M.T., Kolowich P.A., Eyler W.R., Craig J.G., Shirazi K.K., Habra G.K., et al. US depiction of partial-thickness tear of the rotator cuff. Radiology. 197:1995;443-446.
100. Wiener S.N., Seitz W.H. Jr. Sonography of the shoulder in patients with tears of the rotator cuff: accuracy and value for selecting surgical options. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 160:1993;103-107.
101. Crass J.R., Craig E.V., Feinberg S.B. Clinical significance of sonographic findings in the abnormal intact rotator cuff: a preliminary report. J Clin Ultrasound. 16:1988;625-634.
102. Dondelinger R.F., Marcelis S., Daenen B., Ferrara M.A. Shoulder. Peripheral musculoskeletal ultrasound atlas. 1996;Thieme, Stuttgart. p. 69-70.
103. Ptasznik R. Sonography of the shoulder. van Holsbeeck M.T., Introcaso J.H. Musculoskeletal ultrasound. Second edition:2001;476-477 Mosby, St Louis.
104. Crass J.R., Craig E.V., Feinberg S.B. Sonography of the postoperative rotator cuff. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 146:1986;561-564.
105. Mack L.A., Nyberg D.A., Matsen F.R. III, Kilcoyne R.F., Harvey D. Sonography of the postoperative shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 150:1988;1089-1093.
106. Furtschegger A., Resch H. Value of ultrasonography in preoperative diagnosis of rotator cuff tears and postoperative follow-up. Eur J Radiol. 8:1988;69-75.
107. Harryman D.T. II, Mack L.A., Wang K.Y., Jackins S.E., Richardson M.I., Matsen F.A. III. Repairs of the rotator cuff. Correlation of functional results with integrity of the cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 73:1991;982-989.
108. Wulker N., Melzer C., Wirth C.J. Shoulder surgery for rotator cuff tears. Ultrasonographic 3-year follow-up of 97 cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1991;142-147.
109. Westhoff B., Wild A., Werner A., Schneider T., Kahl V., Krauspe R. The value of ultrasound after shoulder arthroplasty. Skeletal Radiol. 31:2002;695-701.
110. Sofka C.M., Adler R.S. Sonographic evaluation of shoulder arthoplasty. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180:2003;1117-1120.
111. Ryu K.N., Lee S.W., Rhee Y.G., Lim J.H. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: usefulness of dynamic sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 12:1993;445-449.
112. Pancione L., Gatti G., Mecozzi B. Diagnosis of Hill-Sachs lesion of the shoulder. Comparison between ultrasonography and arthro-CT. Acta Radiol. 38:1997;523-526.
113. Farin P.U., Kaukanen E., Jaroma H., Harju A., Vaatainen U. Hill-Sachs lesion: sonographic detection. Skeletal Radiol. 25:1996;559-562.
114. Cicak N., Bilic R., Delimar D. Hill-Sachs lesion in recurrent shoulder dislocation: sonographic detection. J Ultrasound Med. 17:1998;557-560.
115. Hammar M.V., Wintzell G.B., Astrom K.G., Larsson S., Elvin A. Role of US in the preoperative evaluation of patients with anterior shoulder instability. Radiology. 219:2001;29-34.
116. Schydlowsky P., Strandberg C., Galatius S., Gam A. Ultrasonographic examination of the glenoid labrum of healthy volunteers. Eur J Ultrasound. 8:1998;85-89.
117. Taljanovic M.S., Carlson K.L., Kuhn J.E., Jacobson J.A., Delaney-Sathy L.O., Adler R.S. Sonography of the glenoid labrum: a cadaveric study with arthroscopic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174:2000;1717-1722.
118. Schydlowsky P., Strandberg C., Galbo H., Krogsgaard M., Jorgensen U. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of labral lesions in patients with anterior shoulder dislocation. Eur J Ultrasound. 8:1998;107-113.
119. Jerosch J., Castro W.H., Jantea C., Winkelmann W. Possibilities of sonography in the diagnosis of instabilities of the shoulder joint. Ultraschall Med. 10:1989;202-205.
120. Bianchi S., Zwass A., Abdelwahab I. Sonographic evaluation of posterior instability and dislocation of the shoulder: prospective study. J Ultrasound Med. 13:1994;389-393.
121. Krarup A.L., Court-Payen M., Skjoldbye B., Lausten G.S. Ultrasonic measurement of the anterior translation in the shoulder joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 8:1999;136-141.
122. Middleton W.D., Reinus W.R., Totty W.G., Melson G.L., Murphy W.A. US of the biceps tendon apparatus. Radiology. 157:1985;211-215.
123. Ahovuo J., Paavolainen P., Slatis P. Diagnostic value of sonography in lesions of the biceps tendon. Clin Orthop. 202:1986;184-188.
124. Hannesschlager G., Riedelberger W., Neumuller H., Schwarzl G. Lesions of the long head of the biceps - their pathogenesis and demonstration by imaging procedures (sonography, x-ray, arthrography, and computed tomography). Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 151:1989;331-337.
125. Farin P.U. Sonography of the biceps tendon of the shoulder: normal and pathologic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 24:1996;309-316.
126. Farin P.U., Jaroma H. The bicipital groove of the humerus: sonographic and radiographic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 25:1996;215-219.
127. Gandolfo N., Bianchi S., Martinoli C., Derchi L.E. Long biceps brachii instability. Role of ultrasonography. Radiol Med (Torino). 96:1998;18-22.
128. Farin P.U., Jaroma H. Sonographic findings of rotator cuff calcifications. J Ultrasound Med. 14:1995;7-14.
129. Chiou H.J., Chou Y.H., Wu J.J., Hsu C.C., Huang D.Y., Chang C.Y. Evaluation of calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff: role of color Doppler ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med. 21:2002;289-295.
130. Chiou H.J., Chou Y.H., Wu J.J., Huang T.F., Ma H.L., Hsu C.C., et al. The role of high-resolution ultrasonography in management of calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff. Ultrasound Med Biol. 27:2001;735-743.
131. Farin P.U., Räsänen H., Jaroma H., Harju A. Rotator cuff calcifications: treatment with ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle aspiration and lavage. Skeletal Radiol. 25:1996;551-554.
132. Farin P.U., Jaroma H., Soimakallio S. Rotator cuff calcifications: treatment with US-guided technique. Radiology. 195:1995;841-843.
133. Bradley M., Bhamra M.S., Robson M.J. Ultrasound guided aspiration of symptomatic supraspinatus calcific deposits. Br J Radiol. 68:1995;716-719.
134. Alasaarela E., Suramo I., Tervonen O., Lahde S., Takalo R., Hakala M. Evaluation of humeral head erosions in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and plain radiography. Br J Rheumatol. 37:1998;1152-1156.
135. Alasaarela E., Takalo R., Tervonen O., Hakal M., Suramo I. Sonography and MRI in the evaluation of painful arthritic shoulder. Br J Rheumatol. 36:1997;996-1000.
136. Newman J.S., Adler R.S., Bude R.O., Rubin J.M. Detection of soft-tissue hyperemia: value of power Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 163:1994;385-389.
137. Strunk J., Lange U., Kurten B., Schmidt K.L., Neeck G. Doppler sonographic findings in the long bicipital tendon sheath in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared with patients with degenerative disease of the shoulder. Arthritis Rheum. 48:2003;1828-1832.
138. Lochmuller E.M., Maier U., Anetzberger H., Habermeyer P., Muller-Gerbl M. Determination of subacromial space width and inferior acromial mineralization by 3D CT. Preliminary data from patients with unilateral supraspinatus outlet syndrome. Surg Radiol Anat. 19:1997;329-337.
139. Nelson M.C., Leather G.P., Nirschl R.P., Pettrone F.A., Freedman M.T. Evaluation of the painful shoulder. A prospective comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomographic arthrography, ultrasonography, and operative findings. J Bone Joint Surg. 73:1991;707-716.
140. Fermand M., Blanchard J.P., Vergeron H., Goldberg D. Rotator cuff imaging using bursography coupled to helical computed arthrotomography. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 66:1999;131-135.
141. Goutallier D., Postel J.-M., Bernageau J., Lavau L., Voisin M.-C. Fatty muscle degeneration in cuff ruptures. Clin Orthop. 304:1994;78-83.
142. Goutallier D., Postel J.M., Lavau L., Bernageau J. Influence of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscular fatty degeneration on the prognosis of rotator cuff surgical repair. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 85:1999;668-676.
143. Lesage P., Maynou C., Elhage R., Boutry N., Herent S., Mestdagh H. Reproducibility of CT scan evaluation of muscular fatty degeneration. Intra- and interobserver analysis of 56 shoulders presenting with a ruptured rotator cuff muscles. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 88:2002;359-364.
144. Fuchs B., Weishaupt D., Zanetti M., Hodler J., Gerber C. Fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff: assessment by computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 8:1999;599-605.
145. Trout T.E., Resnick D. Glenoid hypoplasia and its relationship to instability. Skeletal Radiol. 25:1996;37-40.
146. Manns R.A., Davies A.M. Glenoid hypoplasia: assessment by computed tomographic arthrography. Clin Radiol. 43:1991;316-320.
147. Edelson J.G. Localized glenoid hypoplasia. An anatomic variation of possible clinical significance. Clin Orthop. 321:1995;189-195.
148. Friedman R.J., Hawthorne K.B., Genez B.M. The use of computerized tomography in the measurement of glenoid version. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 74:1992;1032-1037.
149. Couteau B., Mansat P., Darmana R., Mansat M., Egan J. Morphological and mechanical analysis of the glenoid by 3D geometric reconstruction using computed tomography. Clin Biomech. 15:(Suppl 1):2000;S8-S12.
150. Badet R., Walch G., Boulahia A. Computed tomography in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis without humeral head elevation. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 65:1998;187-194.
151. Hernigou P., Duparc F., Hernigou A. Determining humeral retroversion with computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 84:2002;1735-1762.
152. Stevens K.J., Preston B.J., Wallace W.A., Kerslake R.W. CT imaging and three-dimensional reconstructions of shoulders with anterior glenohumeral instability. Clin Anat. 12:1999;326-336.
153. Griffith J.F., Antonio G.E., Tong C.W.C., Ming C.K. Anterior shoulder dislocation: quantification of glenoid bone loss with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180:2003;1423-1430.
154. Itoi E., Lee S.B., Berglund L.J., Berge L.L., An K.N. The effect of a glenoid defect on anteroinferior stability of the shoulder after Bankart repair: a cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82:2000;35-46.
155. Itoi E., Lee S.B., Amrami K.K., Wenger D.E., An K.N. Quantitative assessment of classic anteroinferior bony Bankart lesions by radiography and computed tomography. Am J Sports Med. 31:2003;112-118.
156. Bigliani L.U., Newton P.M., Steinmann S.P., Connor P.M., McIlveen S.J. Glenoid rim lesions associated with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 26:1998;41-45.
157. Weishaupt D., Zanetti M., Nyffeler R.W., Gerber C., Hodler J. Posterior glenoid rim deficiency in recurrent (atraumatic) posterior shoulder instability. Skeletal Radiol. 29:2000;204-210.
158. Shuman W.P., Kilcoyne R.F., Matsen F.A., Rogers J.V., Mack L.A. Double-contrast computed tomography of the glenoid labrum. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 141:1983;581-584.
159. Deutsch A.L., Resnick D., Mink J.H., Berman J.L., Cone R.O. III, Resnik C.S., et al. Computed and conventional arthrotomography of the glenohumeral joint: normal anatomy and clinical experience. Radiology. 153:1984;603-609.
160. Singson R.D., Feldman F., Bigliani L. CT arthrographic patterns in recurrent glenohumeral instability. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149:1987;749-753.
161. Rafii M., Firooznia H., Golimbu C., Minkoff J., Bonamo J. CT arthrography of capsular structures of the shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 146:1986;361-367.
162. Rafii M., Minkoff J., Bonamo J., Firooznia H., Jaffe L., Golimbu C., et al. Computed tomography (CT) arthrography of shoulder instabilities in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 16:1988;352-361.
163. Calvisi V., Collodel M., Nasi M., Di Mille M.A., Nardi M. CT arthrography and arthroscopy in chronic glenohumeral joint instability. Ital J Orthop Traumatol. 18:1992;303-310.
164. Wilson A.J., Totty W.G., Murphy W.A., Hardy D.C. Shoulder joint: arthrographic CT and long-term follow-up, with surgical correlation. Radiology. 173:1989;329-333.
165. Kieft G.J., Bloem J.L., Rozing P.M., Obermann W.R. MR imaging of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder: comparison with CT arthrography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 150:1988;1083-1087.
166. Sano H., Kato Y., Haga K., Iroi E., Tabata S. Magenetic resonance arthrography in the assessment of anterior instability of the shoulder: comparison with double-contrast computed tomography arthrography. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 5:1996;280-285.
167. Jahnke A.H. Jr., Petersen S.A., Neumann C., Steinbach L., Morgan F. A prospective comparison of computerized arthrotomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the glenohumeral joint. Am J Sports Med. 20:1992;695-700.
168. Bachmann G., Bauer T., Jurgensen I., Schwab J., Weimar B., Rau W.S. The diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic relevance of CT arthrography and MR arthrography of the shoulder. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 168:1998;149-156.
169. Chandnani V.P., Yeager T.D., DeBerardino T., Christensen K., Gagliardi J.A., Heitz D.R., et al. Glenoid labral tears: prospective evaluation with MR imaging, MR arthrography, and CT arthrography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161:1993;1229-1235.
170. Blum A., Boyer B., Regent D., Simon J.M., Claudon M., Mole D. Direct coronal view of the shoulder with arthrographic CT. Radiology. 188:1993;677-681.
171. Hunter J.C., Blatz D.J., Escobedo E.M. SLAP lesions of the glenoid labrum: CT arthrographic and arthroscopic correlation. Radiology. 184:1992;513-518.
172. Bresler F., Blum A., Braun M., Simon J.M., Cossin M., Regent D., et al. Assessment of the superior labrum of the shoulder joint with arthrography and MR arthrography: correlation with anatomical dissection. Surg Radiol Anat. 20:1998;57-62.
173. Roger B., Skaf A., Hooper A.W., Lektrakul N., Yeh L., Resnick D. Imaging findings in the dominant shoulder of throwing athletes: comparison of radiography, arthrography, CT arthrography, and MR arthrography with arthroscopic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172:1999;1371-1380.
174. Gratz S., Koster G., Behr T., Vosshenrich R., Grabbe E., Becker W. Arthroscintigraphy in suspected rotator cuff rupture. Nuklearmedizin. 37:1998;272-278.
175. Senocak O., Degirmenci B., Ozdogan O., Akalin E., Arslan G., Kaner B., et al. Technetium-99m human immunoglobulin scintigraphy in patients with adhesive capsulitis: a correlative study with bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med. 16:2002;243-248.