Modified card sorting test: Normative data

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 246-250

  Caffarra, Paolo ^a   Vezzadini, Giuliana ^a   Dieci, Francesca ^a   Zonato, Fabrizio ^a   Venneri, Annalena ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; COGNITION; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MODIFIED CARD SORTING TEST; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NORMAL HUMAN; NORMAL VALUE; PERSEVERATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; VOLUNTEER; WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CONCEPT FORMATION; DATA COLLECTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMETRICS; REFERENCE VALUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 1842504282     PISSN: 13803395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1076/jcen.26.2.246.28087     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Ackermann, H. (1985). Mehrdimensionale nicht-parametrische Normbereiche. Metodologische und medizinische Aspecte. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
2. APA (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Axelrod, B.N., Henry, R.R., & Woodard, J.L. (1992). Analysis of an abbreviated form of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 27-31.
4. Axelrod, B.N., Jiron, C.C., & Henry, R.R. (1993). Performance of adults aged 20 to 90 on the Abbreviated Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 205-209.
5. Berg, E.A. (1948). A simple objective test for measuring flexibility in thinking. Journal of General Psychology, 39, 15-22.
6. Capitani, E. (1997). Normative values and neuropsychological assessment. Common problems in clinical practice and research. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 7, 295-309.
7. deZubicaray, G., & Ashton, R. (1996). Nelson's (1976) Modified Card Sorting Test: A review. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10, 245-254.
8. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). Mini-Mental-State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 12, 189-198.
9. Grant, D.A., & Berg, E.A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl type card sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404-411.
10. Haaland, K.Y., Vranes, L.F., Goodwin, J.S., & Garry, P.J. (1987). Wisconsin Card Sort Test performance in a healthy elderly population. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 345-346.
11. Lezak, M. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12. Lineweaver, T.T., Bond, M.W., Thomas, R.G., & Salmon, D.P. (1999). A normative study of Nelson's (1976) modified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in healthy older adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 328-347.
13. Nelson, H.E. (1976). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex, 12, 313-324.
14. Obonsawin, M.C., Crawford, J.R., Page, J., Chalmers, P., Low, G., & Marsh, P. (1999). Performance on the Modified Card Sorting Test by normal, healthy individuals: Relationship to general intellectual ability and demographic variables. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 27-41.
15. Robinson, L.J., Kester, D.B., Saykin, A.J., Kaplan, E.F., & Gur, R.C. (1991). Comparison of two short forms of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 27-33.
16. Smith-Seemiller, L., Arffa, S., & Franzen, M.D. (2001). Use of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test short forms with school-age children. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 489-499.
17. Smith-Seemiller, L., Franzen, M.D., & Bowers, D. (1997). Use of Wisconsin card sorting test short forms in clinical samples. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 421-427.
18. Spinnler, H., & Tognoni, G. (1987). Standardizzazione e taratura italiana di test neuropsicologici. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 6 (Suppl. 8), 1-120.