Update on antifibrotic use in glaucoma surgery, including use in trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage implants and combined cataract and glaucoma surgery

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 141-146

  Yoon, Patricia S ^a   Singh, Kuldev ^a,b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

5 fluorouracil; Antifibrotic agents; Glaucoma drainage devices; Glaucoma filtration surgery; Mitomycin C

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFIBROTIC AGENT; FLUOROURACIL; LERDELIMUMAB; MITOMYCIN C; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

BETA RADIATION; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG USE; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; FILTERING OPERATION; GLAUCOMA; GLAUCOMA DRAINAGE IMPLANT; GLAUCOMA SURGERY; HUMAN; INFECTION; INTRAOCULAR HYPOTENSION; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA MACULOPATHY; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SURGICAL WOUND; TRABECULECTOMY;

ANTIMETABOLITES, ANTINEOPLASTIC; CATARACT EXTRACTION; FIBROSIS; FLUOROURACIL; GLAUCOMA; GLAUCOMA DRAINAGE IMPLANTS; HUMANS; MITOMYCIN; TRABECULECTOMY;

EID: 1842504162     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00055735-200404000-00015     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Skuta GL, Parrish RK II: Wound healing in glaucoma filtering surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 1987, 32:149-170.
2. Sturmer J, Broadway DC, Hitchings RA: Young patient trabeculectomy: assessment of risk factors for failure. Ophthalmology 1993, 100:928-939.
3. Broadway DC, Chang LP: Trabeculectomy, risk factors for failure and the preoperative state of the conjunctiva. J Glaucoma 2001, 10:237-249.
4. Heuer DK, Parrish RK II, Gressel MG, et al.: 5-Fluorouracil and glaucoma filtering surgery, II: a pilot study. Ophthalmology 1984, 91:384-394.
5. Chen CW: Enhanced intraocular pressure controlling effectiveness of trabeculectomy by local application of mitomycin C. Trans Asia Pac Acad Ophthalmol 1983, 9:172-177.
6. Chen PP, Yamamoto T, Sawada A, et al.: Use of antifibrosis agents and glaucoma drainage devices in the American and Japanese glaucoma societies. J Glaucoma 1997, 6:192-196.
7. Lama PJ, Fechtner RD: Antifibrotics and wound healing in glaucoma surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2003, 48:314-346. An in-depth, excellent review of antifibrotic use and glaucoma surgery, critique of published literature, and recommendations regarding current use of antifibrotics. Other wound-modulating agents are discussed.
8. Cairns DE: Trabeculectomy - a preliminary report of a new method. Am J Ophthalmol 1968, 66:673-679.
9. Weinreb RN: Adjusting the dose of 5-fluorouracil after filtration surgery to minimize side effects. Ophthalmology 1987, 94:564-570.
10. The Fluorouracil Filtering Study Group: Fluorouracil filtering surgery study one-year follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol 1989, 108:625-635.
11. The Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group: Three-year follow-up of the fluorouracil filtering surgery study. Am J Ophthalmol 1993, 115:82-92.
12. The Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group: Five-year follow-up of the fluorouracil filtering surgery study. Am J Ophthalmol 1996, 121:349-366.
13. Suzuki R, Dickens CJ, Iwach AG, et al.: Long-term follow-up of initially successful trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil injections. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:1921-1924. A retrospective case series reporting long-term results of trabeculectomies with 5-fluorouracil injections. Interestingly, despite fulfilling the success criteria at 1 year, these cases showed a continual loss of IOP control over time.
14. Kitazawa Y, Kawase K, Matsushita H, et al.: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin. A comparative study with fluorouracil. Arch Ophthalmol 1991, 109:1693-1698.
15. Skuta GL, Beeson CC, Higginbotham EJ, et al.: Intraoperative mitomycin versus postoperative 5-fluorouracil in high-risk glaucoma filtering surgery. Ophthalmology 1992, 99:438-444.
16. Katz GJ, Higginbotham EJ, Lichter PR, et al.: Mitomycin C versus 5-fluorouracil in high-risk glaucoma filtering surgery. Ophthalmology 1995, 102:1263-1269.
17. Akarsu C, Onol M, Hasanreisoglu B: Postoperative 5-fluorouracil versus intraoperative mitomycin C in high-risk glaucoma filtering surgery: extended follow up. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003, 31:199-205.
18. Singh K, Mehta K, Shaikh NM, et al.: Trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C versus 5-fluorouracil. Prospective randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology 2000, 107:2305-2309.
19. WuDunn D, Cantor LB, Palanca-Capistrano AM, et al.: A prospective randomized trial comparing intraoperative 5-fluorouracil versus mitomycin C in primary trabeculectomy. Am J Ophthalmol 2002, 134:521-528. A double-masked study whereby surgeons were unable to vary postoperative treatment based on knowledge of the antifibrotic agent used.
20. Beckers HJM, Kinders KC, Webers CAB: Five-year results of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003, 241:106-110. Interesting for its long-term data.
21. Shigeeda T, Tomidokoro A, Araie M, et al.: Long-term follow-up of visual field progression after trabeculectomy in progressive normal-tension glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:766-770.
22. Stamper RL, McMenemy MG, Lieberman MF: Hypotonous maculopathy after trabeculectomy with subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil. Am J Ophthalmol 1992, 114:544-553.
23. Fannin LA, Schiffman JC, Budenz DL: Risk factors for hypotony maculopathy. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:1185-1191. Agrees with previous belief that youth and myopia are significant risk factors, but also adds male gender. A history of diabetes and the presence of choroidal effusion are associated with a decreased risk for hypotony maculopathy.
24. Bindlish R, Condon GP, Schlosser JD, et al.: Efficacy and safety of mitomycin-C in primary trabeculectomy. Five-year follow-up. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:1336-1342.
25. Liebman JM, Ritch R, Marmor M, et al.: Initial 5-fluorouracil trabeculectomy in uncomplicated glaucoma. Ophthalmology 1991, 98:1036-1041.
26. Greenfield DS, Liebmann JM, Jee J, et al.: Late-onset bleb leaks after glaucoma filtering surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 1998, 116:443-447.
27. Hu C-Y, Matsuo H, Tomita G: Clinical characteristics and leakage of functioning blebs after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in primary glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:345-352. Good discussion on the characteristics of blebs that may lead to leakage. Although in a different race population, findings can be helpful in all patients with glaucoma.
28. Higginbotham EJ, Stevens RK, Musch DC, et al.: Bleb-related endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Ophthalmology 1996, 103:650-656.
29. Greenfield DS, Suner IJ, Miller MP, et al.: Endophthalmitis after filtering surgery with mitomycin. Arch Ophthalmol 1996, 114:943-949.
30. Soltau JB, Rothman RF, Budenz DL, et al.: Risk factors for glaucoma filtering bleb infections. Arch Ophthalmol 2000, 118:338-342.
31. Wand M, Quintiliani R, Robinson A: Antibiotic prophylaxis in eyes with filtration blebs: survey of glaucoma specialists, microbiology study, and recommendations. J Glaucoma 1995, 4:103-109.
32. Ewing RH, Stamper RL: Needle revision with and without 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of failed filtering blebs. Am J Ophthalmol 1990, 110:254-259.
33. Shin DH, Juzych MS, Khatana A, et al.: Needling revision of failed filtering blebs with adjunctive 5-fluorouracil. Ophthalmology 1993, 24:242-248.
34. Mardelli PG, Lederer CM, Murray PL, et al.: Slit-lamp needle revision of failed filtering blebs using mitomycin C. Ophthalmology 1996, 103:1946-1955.
35. Greenfield DS, Miller MP, Suner IJ, et al.: Needle revision of failed filtering blebs using mitomycin C. Ophthalmology 1996, 122:195-204.
36. Ben-Simon GJ, Glovinsky Y: Needle revision of failed filtering blebs augmented with subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003, 34:94-99.
37. Iwach AG, Delgado MF, Novack GD, et al.: Transconjunctival mitomycin-C in needle revisions of failing filtering blebs. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:734-742. An interesting report on the efficacy and safety of transconjunctival mitomycin-C as an adjunct to needle revision of failing filtering blebs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a probability of success at 12 months of 76.1% and at 24 months of 71.6%.
38. Prata JA Jr, Minckler DS, Mermoud A, et al.: Effects of intraoperative mitomycin-C on the function of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implants in rabbits. J Glaucoma 1996, 5:29-38.
39. Susanna R Jr, Nicolela MT, Taahashi WY: Mitomycin C as adjunctive therapy with glaucoma implant surgery. Ophthalmic Surg 1994, 25:458-462.
40. Kook MS, Yoon J, Kim J, et al.: Clinical results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in refractory glaucoma with adjunctive mitomycin C. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000, 31:100-106.
41. Perkins TW, Gangnon R, Ladd W, et al.: Molteno Implant with mitomycin C: intermediate-term results. J Glaucoma 1998, 7:86-92.
42. Ellingham RB, Morgan WH, Westlake W, et al.: Mitomycin C eliminates the short-term intraocular pressure rise found following Molteno tube implantation. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003, 3:191-198.
43. Azuara-Blanco A, Moster MR, Wilson RP, et al.: Simultaneous use of mitomycin-C with Baerveldt implantation. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997, 28:992-997.
44. Trible JR, Brown DB: Occlusive ligature and standardized fenestration of a Baerveldt tube with and without antimetabolites for early postoperative intraocular pressure control. Ophthalmology 1998, 105:2243-2250.
45. Lee D, Shin DH, Birt CM, et al.: The effect of adjunctive mitomycin C in Molteno implant surgery. Ophthalmology 1997, 104:2126-2135.
46. Cantor L, Burgoyne J, Sanders S, et al.: The effect of mitomycin C on Molteno implant surgery: a 1-year randomized, masked, prospective study. J Glaucoma 1998, 7:240-246.
47. Susanna R Jr and The Latin American Glaucoma Society (SLAG) Investigators. Partial Tenon's capsule resection with adjunctive mitomycin C in Ahmed glaucoma valve implant surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2003, 87:994-998. A multicenter prospective study with multiple investigators who conclude that partial Tenon's capsule resection with adjunctive MMC did not appear to make a difference over MMC alone, and no avascular bleb was formed.
48. Taglia DP, Perkins TW, Gangnon R: Comparison of the Ahmed glaucoma valve, the Krupin eye valve with disk, and the double-plated Molteno implant. J Glaucoma 2002, 11:347-353.
49. Budenz DL, Scott IU, Nguyen QH, et al.: Combined Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for refractory glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2002, 11:439-445. Retrospective review of 38 eyes that underwent this interesting procedure of combining Prolene-ligated Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, which included a description of the surgical technique. Forty-seven percent required laser suture lysis of the Prolene suture. Cumulative success was 91% at year 1, 86% at year 2, and 81% at year 3. Eight percent had suprachoroidal hemorrhages.
50. Hennis HL, Stewart WC: The use of 5-fluorouracil in patients following combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction. Ophthalmic Surg 1991, 22:451-454.
51. Gandolfi SA, Vecchi M: 5-Fluorouracil in combined trabeculectomy and clear-cornea phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. A one-year randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ophthalmology 1997, 104:181-186.
52. Ren J, Shin DH, O'Grady JM, et al.: Long-term outcome of primary glaucoma triple procedure with adjunctive 5-fluorouracil. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1998, 236:501-506.
53. Shin DH, Ren J, Juzych MS, et al.: Primary glaucoma triple procedure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: the effect of mitomycin C in patient with and without prognostic factors for filtration failure. Am J Ophthalmol 1998, 125:346-352.
54. Cohen JS, Greff LJ, Novac GD, et al.: A placebo-controlled, double-masked evaluation of mitomycin C in combined glaucoma and cataract procedures. Ophthalmology 1996, 103:1934-1942.
55. Carlson DW, Alward WL, Barad JP, et al.: A randomized study of mitomycin augmentation in combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 1997, 104:719-724.
56. Budenz DL, Pyfer M, Singh K, et al.: Comparison of phacotrabeculeclomy with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and without antifibrotic agents. Ophthal Surg Lasers 1999, 30:367-374.
57. Jampel HD, Friedman DS, Lubornski LH, et al.: Effect of technique on intraocular pressure after combined cataract and glaucoma surgery. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:2215-2224. An excellent evidence-based review of the literature pertaining to the techniques used in combined cases. They suggest use of MMC but not 5-FU, two-site surgery, and phacoemulsification. There is insufficient evidence to conclude either that staged or combined procedures give better results or that alternative glaucoma procedures are superior to trabeculectomy in combined procedures.
58. Belyea DA, Dan JA, Lieberman MF, et al.: Midterm follow-up results of combined phacoemulsification, lens implantation, and mitomycin-C trabeculectomy procedure. J Glaucoma 1997, 6:90-98.
59. Shin DH, Iskander NG, Ahee JA, et al.: Long-term filtration and visual-field outcomes after primary glaucoma triple procedure with and without mitomycin-C. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:1607-1611.
60. Cordiero MF, Gay JA, Khaw PT: Human anti-transforming growth factor-beta 2 antibody: a new glaucoma anti-scarring agent. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999, 40:2225-2234.
61. Cordiero MF: Role of transforming growth factor β in conjunctival scarring. Clin Sci 2003, 104:181-187. An in-depth review of this agent that appears promising for glaucoma surgery.
62. Connor TB, Roberts AB, Sport MB, et al.: Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta type 2 levels in the eye. J Clin Invest 1989, 83:1661-1666.
63. Mead AL, Wong TTL, Cordeiro MF, et al.: Evaluation of anti-TGF-β2 antibody as a new postoperative anti-scarring agent in glaucoma surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003, 44:3394-3401. An elegant randomized, controlled, masked-observer study, shows CAT-152 significantly improved surgical outcome and reduced subconjunctival collagen deposition compared with 5-FU and control in rabbits.
64. Siriwardena D, Khaw PT, King AJ, et al.: Human antitransforming growth factor β2 monoclonal antibody - a new modulator of wound healing in trabeculectomy. A randomized placebo controlled clinical study. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:427-431.
65. Hill RA, Crean DH, Doiron DR, et al.: Photodynamic therapy for antifibrosis in a rabbit model of filtration surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997, 28:574-581.
66. Grisanti S, Gralla A, Mauere P, et al.: Cellular photoablation to control postoperative fibrosis in filtration surgery: in vitro studies. Exp Eye Res 2000, 70:145-152.
67. Grisanti S, Diestelhorst M, Heimann K, et al.: Cellular photoablation to control postoperative fibrosis in a rabbit model of filtration surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2000, 83:1353-1359.
68. Jordan JF, Diestelhorst M, Grisanti S, et al.: Photodynamic modulation of wound healing in glaucoma filtration surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2003, 87:870-875. This is the information from the first human eyes combining trabeculectomy and photodynamic therapy.
69. Lai JSM, Poon ASY, Tham CCY, et al.: Trabeculectomy with β radiation. Long-term follow-up. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:1822-1826. Interesting long-term results on an unpopular procedure.