A Model of Decentralized Development: Border Trade and Economic Development in Yunnan

Issues and Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 85-107

  Zhao, Guangzhi ^a  

^a NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Border trade; Decentralized development; Economic development of yunnan; Economic reform of china; Yunnan

Indexed keywords

EID: 1842481070     PISSN: 10132511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Hsiao-Tung Fei and Chih-I Chang, Earthbound China: A Study of Rural Economy in Yunnan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945), 9-10.
2. Gross social product (shehui zongchanzhi) is also translated as "total output value of society." It is defined as the sum of (1) the value of intermediate goods and (2) the values of final products in the following five "material production sectors": agriculture, industry, construction, transport, and commerce. It is one of the most important statistics that China uses in reporting on its economy.
3. Calculated from Zhongguo tongji nianjian 1991 (Statistical yearbook of China 1991) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1992), 47-49. Yunnan tongji nianjian 1994 (Statistical yearbook of Yunnan 1994) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1995), 29-31.
4. Calculated from Zhongguo tongji nianjian 1991 (Statistical yearbook of China 1991) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1992), 47-49. Yunnan tongji nianjian 1994 (Statistical yearbook of Yunnan 1994) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1995), 29-31.
5. Hainan Province is not included, since Hainan was part of Guangdong Province until 1988.
6. Zhongguo tongji nianjian 1993 (Statistical yearbook of China 1993) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1994), 53.
7. Dangdai Zhongguo de Yunnan (Yunnan in contemporary China), vol. 1 (Beijing: Dangdai Zhongguo chubanshe, 1991), 41.
8. For a detailed analysis of Third Front construction, see Barry Naughton, "The Third Front: Defense Industrialization in the Chinese Interior," The China Quarterly, no. 115 (September 1988): 351-86.
9. Dangdai Zhongguo de Yunnan 1:541.
10. Ingrid d'Hooghe, "Regional Economic Integration in Yunnan," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S. G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (London: Routledge, 1994), 290-92.
11. Li Mingde, "Summing Up the Past, Looking Forward to the Future," in Yunnan Jingji sishinian (Yunnan's economy in the past forty years) (Kunming: Yunnan nianjian chubanshe, 1990), 3.
12. Yunnan tongji nianjian 1989 (Statistical yearbook of Yunnan 1989) classifies 41 of the 127 counties in Yunnan as the "counties in poverty."
13. "Yunnan Governor on Export-Oriented Economy," Kunming Yunnan People's Radio Network in Mandarin, March 13, 1993, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Daily Report: China [hereafter cited as FBIS-CHI]-93-051 (March 18, 1993): 69.
14. Ibid.
15. "He Zhiqiang Outlines Focus of Yunnan Opening," Ching Chi Tao Pao (Hong Kong), 1992, no. 16:28, in FBIS-CHI-92-088 (May 6, 1992): 38.
16. "He Zhiqiang Outlines Focus of Yunnan Opening," Ching Chi Tao Pao (Hong Kong), 1992, no. 16:28, in FBIS-CHI-92-088 (May 6, 1992): 38.
17. d'Hooghe, "Regional Economic Integration in Yunnan," 292.
18. Yunnan jingji sishinian, 147.
19. Yunnan ribao (Yunnan Daily), May 15, 1992, 2.
20. Ibid., October 21, 1992, 1.
21. It was reported that the Burmese government highly praised the construction of the bridge. One of its high officials named the bridge the "friendship bridge of Burma and China." It was also reported that Mu Se county was given city status in order to reciprocate for the exchange between the border cities. See Wang Hongpo and He Zheng, Retu zhi huo: Dehong yanbian kaifang jishi (The puzzles of an exciting land: A report on the opening along the border in Dehong) (Hong Kong: The Yellow River Culture Press, 1993), 208.
22. In October 1991, under the invitation of the Bhamo regional government, a border trade delegation from Longchuan County visited Bhamo. During the visit, several agreements were signed, including the agreement to reopen the Lweje (known in Yunnan as the "Westerner Street")-Bhamo Road. See Yunnan ribao, May 28, 1992, 2. Also Wang and He, Retu zhi huo, 236-42.
23. In October 1991, under the invitation of the Bhamo regional government, a border trade delegation from Longchuan County visited Bhamo. During the visit, several agreements were signed, including the agreement to reopen the Lweje (known in Yunnan as the "Westerner Street")-Bhamo Road. See Yunnan ribao, May 28, 1992, 2. Also Wang and He, Retu zhi huo, 236-42.