Metal contamination in recovered waste wood used as energy source in Sweden

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-14

  Krook, J ^a   Martensson A ^a   Eklund, M ^a  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Demolition waste; Heavy metal pollution; Industrial waste streams; Recovered waste wood; Sustainable development; Waste bioenergy

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; HEAVY METALS; WASTE INCINERATION; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

BIOFUELS; RECOVERED WASTE WOOD (RWW);

CONTAMINATION;

ARSENIC; BIOFUEL; CADMIUM; CHROMIUM; COPPER; LEAD; MERCURY; METAL; NICKEL; ZINC;

BIOMASS POWER; ENERGY RESOURCE; HEAVY METAL; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; LANDFILL; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ARTICLE; ASH; COMBUSTION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTAMINATION; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT; EXTRACTION; LANDFILL; MATERIAL STATE; SWEDEN; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WOOD;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA; SWEDEN;

EID: 1842478380     PISSN: 09213449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-3449(03)00100-9     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ahnland R. Eldning av returträ-miljöfarligt eller en riktig kretsloppslösning. Energimagasinet. 4:2001;26-27. [in Swedish].
2. Almberg Å. Elementhalter i gran - och tallved - Variation med bonitet och längs trädstammen. Report 81. Uppsala: The Department of Forest Soils, University of Agricultural Science; 1999 [in Swedish].
3. Alriksson A, Eriksson H. En gradientstudie av elementhalter i gran - och tallved. Uppsala: The Department of Forest Soils, University of Agricultural Science, unpublished [in Swedish].
4. Andersson L. Personal communication. Norrköping: AnalyCen AB; 2001.
5. Ayres U.R. Metal recycling: economic and environmental implications. Resour. Conserv. Recycling. 21:1997;145-173.
6. Ayres UR, Ayres WL. Industrial ecology - towards closing the materials cycle. Cambridge (UK): University Press; 1996.
7. Azar C, Lindgren K. Energiläget år 2050. Report 4894. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; 1998 [in Swedish].
8. Bergbäck B., Johansson K., Mohlander U. Urban metal flows - a case study of Stockholm. Water Soil Pollut. 1:2001;3-24.
9. Beyer G. Personal communication. Stockholm: Föreningen Svenskt Trä (Swedish Wood Association); 2003.
10. Bouman M., Heijungs R., van der Voet E., van der Bergh J.C.J.M., Huppes G. Material flows and economic models: an analytical comparison of SFA. Ecol. Econ. 32:2000;195-216.
11. Carling M, Hjalmarsson A. Energiaskor - för väg - och anläggningsändamål. Report 79. Stockholm: EFO Energiaskor AB; 1998 [in Swedish].
12. Eklund M. Cadmium and lead depositions around a Swedish battery plant as recorded in oak tree rings. J. Environ. Qual. 24:1995a;126-131.
13. Eklund M. Reconstructions of historical metal emissions and their dispersion in the environment. Dissertation No. 127. Linköping: Department of Water and Environmental Science, University of Technology; 1995b.
14. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations). Forest resource assessment 2000 Main report. FAO forestry paper 140. Rome; 2001.
15. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations). FAO statistical databases. 2002; htpp://apps.fao.org.
16. Flyhammar P. Heavy metals in municipal solid waste deposits. AFR-report 231. Lund: Department of Water Resources Engineering, University of Technology; 1997.
17. Gielen D.J., de Feber M.A.P.C., Bos A.J.M., Gerlagh T. Biomass for energy or materials? A western Europe systems engineering perspective. Energy Policy. 99:2001;291-302.
18. Governmental Proposal 1996/1997. En uthållig energiframtid. Stockholm; 1997;84 [in Swedish].
19. Guinée J.B., van der Bergh J.C.J.M., Boelens J., Fraanje P.J., Huppes G., Kandelaars P.P.A.A.H.et al. Evaluation of risks of metal flows and accumulation in economy and environment. Ecol. Econ. 30:1999;47-65.
20. Hagemeyer J., Schäfer H. Seasonal variations in concentrations and radial distribution patterns of Cd, Pb and Zn in stem wood of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). Sci. Total Environ. 166:1995;77-87.
21. Jermer J, Ekvall A, Tullin C. Inventering av föroreningar i returträ. Report 732. Stockholm: Värmeforsk, Environmental and Combustion Technology; 2001 [in Swedish].
22. Johansson J, Mårtensson A, Eklund M. Environmental issues related to the flow of waste wood through the Swedish building sector - a problem description. Report 231. Linköping: Department of Environmental Technique and Management, Universitet of Technology; 2002.
23. Kurre E. Characterising construction and demolition debris for lead contamination. Waste Age, 1997;28(7):117-118, 120, 122, 124-125.
24. Lindqvist A. Substance flow analysis for environmental management in local authorities - method development and context. Dissertation No 741. Linköping: Department of Environmental Technique and Management, University of Technology; 2002.
25. Lindqvist-Östblom A., Eklund M. Cadmium in sewage sludge in a Swedish region - sources and reduction opportunities. Environ. Eng. Policy. 2:2001;145-154.
26. Maartmann S, Lundqvist J. Fördelning av spårämnen mellan olika askfraktioner från förbränning av trädbränslen. Stockholm: The Swedish National Energy Administration; 1998 [in Swedish].
27. Mängda Utveckling AB. In - och utflöden av trämaterial från byggsektorn. Helsingborg: Mängda Utveckling AB, unpublished [in Swedish].
28. Nagj M., Injuk J., Valkovi'c V. Trace element concentration variations in tree rings. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 22:1987;465-472.
29. Narodoslawsky M., Obernberger I. From waste to raw material - the route from biomass wood ash for cadmium and other heavy metals. J. Hazard. Mater. 50s:1996;157-168.
30. Nilsson K, Jermer J. Inventory of the use of preservative-treated wood and wood preservatives in Sweden 1900-1997. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation IRG/WP 99-50137, Rosenheim, Germany, 6-11 June 1999.
31. Njurell R, Gyllenhammar M, Upparbetning av returbränslen- förutsättningar, kvalité, teknik och kostnader. Report 701. Stockholm: Värmeforsk, Environmental and Combustion Technology; 2000 [in Swedish].
32. Queirolo F., Valenta P., Stegen S., Breckle S.W. Heavy metal concentrations in oak wood growth rings from Taunus (Federal Republic of Germany) and Valenta (Chile) regions. Trees. 4:1990;81-87.
33. Reijnders L. A normative strategy for sustainable resource choice and recycling. Resour. Conserv. Recycling. 28:2000;121-133.
34. 2 area in northern Europe. Sci. Total Environ. 278:2000;87-112.
35. Roth L, Eklund M, Simonsson A. Assessing the building sector's most important materials from an energy and material resource perspective. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Building, Oslo, Norway, 23-24 September 2002.
36. Sternbeck J, Östlund P. Nya metaller och metalloider i samhället. Report B1332. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL); 1999 [in Swedish].
37. The Ecocycle Council for the Building Sector. Miljöutredning för byggsektorn - Byggsektorns betydande miljöaspekter. Report 33. Stockholm: The Ecocycle Council for the Building Sector; 2001 [in Swedish].
38. The Swedish Chemical Inspectorate. En nyans grönare. Report 2/96. Solna: The Swedish Chemical Inspectorate; 1996 [in Swedish].
39. The Swedish Chemical Inspectorate. Additives in PVC. Report 4/97. Solna: The Swedish Chemical Inspectorate; 1997.
40. The Swedish Ecocycle Commission. Strategi för kretsloppsanpassade material och varor. Report 14. Stockholm: The Swedish Ecocycle Commission; 1997 [in Swedish].
41. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Hur ska Sverige må år 2020? Framtidsscenarier över Sveriges miljö. Report 4104. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; 1993 [in Swedish].
42. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Kartläggning av materialflöden inom bygg - och anläggningssektorn. Report 4659. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; 1996a [in Swedish].
43. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Plaster-Materialflöden i samhället-Regeringsuppdrag del 2. Report 4505. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; 1996b [in Swedish].
44. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Hållbar energiframtid - Slutrapport från SAME-projektet. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, The Swedish National Energy Administration, The District Heating Association, The Thermal Power Heating Association; 1999 [in Swedish].
45. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Intergrering av kommunaltekniska system. Report 5160. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; 2001 [in Swedish].
46. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Ett ekologiskt omhändertagande av avfall. Report 5177. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; 2002 [in Swedish].
47. The Swedish Environmental Research Institute. Miljöfaktabok för bränslen. Report 172. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL); 2001 [in Swedish].
48. The Swedish National Energy Administration. Energiläget i siffror år 2000. Eskilstuna: The Swedish National Energy Administration; 2002 [in Swedish].
49. Symeonides C. Tree ring analysis for tracing the history of pollution - application on a study in northern Sweden. J. Environ. Qual. 8(4):1979;482-486.
50. Sörme L., Lagerkvist R. Sources of heavy metals in urban wastewater in Stockholm. Sci. Total Environ. 298:2002;131-145.
51. Van der Voet E. Substance flow analysis methodology. In: Ayres RU, Ayres LW, editors. A handbook of industrial ecology. Nothampton (USA): Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.; 2002.