Etiology and management of seborrheic dermatitis

Dermatology

Volumn 208, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 89-93

  Gupta, Aditya K ^a,b,c   Madzia, S E ^b   Batra, Roma ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b MEDIPROBE RESEARCH INC   (Canada)

^c NONE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Antifungals; Malassezia species; Seborrheic dermatitis

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BIFONAZOLE; BUTENAFINE; CICLOPIROXOLAMINE; CLIMBAZOLE; COAL TAR; CORTICOSTEROID; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; LITHIUM GLUCONATE; METRONIDAZOLE; MICONAZOLE; PIMECROLIMUS; PROPYLENE GLYCOL; PYRITHIONE ZINC; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; SELENIUM SULFIDE; SHAMPOO; SULFUR; TACROLIMUS; TERBINAFINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ASSOCIATION; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CREAM; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; FUNGAL STRAIN; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGY; MALASSEZIA; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PHOTOTHERAPY; PITYROSPORUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN ATROPHY; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION; YEAST;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; CHILD; DERMATITIS, SEBORRHEIC; DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 1842475831     PISSN: 10188665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000076478     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Gupta AK, Nicol K, Batra R: Role of antifungal agents in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol, in press.
2. Farthing CF, Staughton RCD, Rowland Payne CME: Skin disease in homosexual patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and lesser forms of human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV III) disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 1985;10:3-12.
3. Smith KJ, Skelton HG, Yeager J, Ledsky R, McCarthy W, Baxter D, Turiansky GW, Wagner KF, Turianski G: Cutaneous findings in HIV-1-positive patients: A 42-month prospective study. Military Medical Consortium for the Advancement of Retroviral Research (MMCARR). J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:746-754.
4. Faergemann J, Johansson S, Back O, Scheynius A: An immunologic and cultural study of Pityrosporum folliculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14:429-433.
5. Gupta AK: A random survey concerning aspects of acne rosacea (abstract). J Cutan Med Surg 2001;5:38.
6. Sunenshine PJ, Schwartz RA, Janniger CK: Tinea versicolor: An update. Cutis 1998;61:65-68, 71-72.
7. Zug KA, Palay DA, Rock B: Dermatologic diagnosis and treatment of itchy red eyelids. Surv Ophthalmol 1996;40:293-306.
8. Kligman AM, McGinley KJ, Leyden JL: The nature of dandruff. J Soc Cosmet Chemists 1976;27:111-139.
9. McGinley KJ, Leyden JJ, Marples RR, Kligman AM: Quantitative microbiology of the scalp in non-dandruff, dandruff, and seborrheic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1975;64:401-405.
10. Crespo Erchiga V, Ojeda Martos A, Vera Casano A, Crespo Erchiga A, Sanchez Fajardo F: Malassezia globosa as the causative agent of pityriasis versicolor. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:799-803.
11. Nakabayashi A, Sei Y, Guillot J: Identification of Malassezia species isolated from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor and normal subjects. Med Mycol 2000;38:337-341.
12. Gemmer CM, DeAngelis YM, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Dawson JT Jr: Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:3350-3357.
13. Gupta AK, Kohli Y, Summerbell RC, Faergemann J: Quantitative culture of Malassezia species from different body sites of individuals with or without dermatoses. Med Mycol 2001;39:243-251.
14. Kim SC, Kim HU: The distribution of Malassezia species on the normal human skin according to body region. Korean J Med Mycol 2000;5:120-128.
15. Faergemann J: Management of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000;1:75-80.
16. Bergbrant IM, Faergemann J: Adherence of Malassezia furfur to human stratum corneum cells in vitro: A study of healthy individuals and patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis. Mycoses 1994;37:217-219.
17. Faergemann J, Bergbrant IM, Dohse M, Scott A, Westgate G: Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum (Malassezia) folliculitis: Characterization of inflammatory cells and mediators in the skin by immunohistochemistry. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:549-556.
18. Neuber K, Kroger S, Gruseck E, Abeck D, Ring J: Effects of Pityrosporum ovale on proliferation, immunoglobulin (IgA, G, M) synthesis and cytokine (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ) production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 1996;288:532-536.
19. Hay RJ, Graham-Brown RA: Dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis: Causes and management. Clin Exp Dermatol 1997;22:3-6.
20. Baroni A, Perfetto B, Paoletti I, Ruocco E, Canozo N, Orlando M, Buommino E: Malassezia furfur invasiveness in a keratinocyte cell line (HaCat): Effects on cytoskeleton and on adhesion molecule and cytokine expression. Arch Dermatol Res 2001;293:414-419.
21. Watanabe S, Kano R, Sato H, Nakamura Y, Hasegawa A: The effects of Malassezia yeasts on cytokine production by human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2001;116:769-773.
22. Midgley G, Hay RJ: Serological responses to Pityrosporum (Malassezia) in seborrhoeic dermatitis demonstrated by ELISA and Western blotting. Bull Soc Fr Mycol Méd 1988;17:267-276.
23. Bergbrant IM, Faergemann J: Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum ovale: A cultural and immunological study. Acta Derm Venereol 1989;69:332-335.
24. Midgley G: The lipophilic yeasts: State of the art and prospects. Med Mycol 2000;38(suppl 1):9-16.
25. Bergbrant IM, Andersson B, Faergemann J: Cell-mediated immunity to Malassezia furfur in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:402-406.
26. Parry ME, Sharpe GR: Seborrhoeic dermatitis is not caused by an altered immune response to Malassezia yeast. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:254-263.
27. McGrath J, Murphy GM: The control of seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff by antipityrosporal drugs. Drugs 1991;41:178-184.
28. Riciputo RM, Oliveri S, Micali G, Sapuppo A: Phospholipase activity in Malassezia furfur pathogenic strains. Mycoses 1996;39:233-235.
29. Faergemann J, Fredriksson T: Tinea versicolor with regard to seborrheic dermatitis: An epidemiological investigation. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:966-968.
30. Binder RL, Jonelis FJ: Seborrheic dermatitis in neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:473-475.
31. Ford GP, Farr PM, Ive FA, Shuster S: The response of seborrhoeic dermatitis to ketoconazole. Br J Dermatol 1984;111:603-607.
32. Ortonne JP, Lacour JP, Vitetta A, Le Fichoux Y: Comparative study of ketoconazole 2% foaming gel and betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% lotion in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults. Dermatology 1992;184:275-280.
33. Gueho E, Faergemann J, Lyman C, Anaissie EJ: Malassezia and Trichosporon: Two emerging pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi. J Med Vet Mycol 1994;32(suppl 1):367-378.
34. Shuster S: The aetiology of dandruff and the mode of action of therapeutic agents. Br J Dermatol 1984;111:235-242.
35. Orentreich N, Taylor EH, Berger RA, Auerbach R: Comparative study of two antidandruff preparations. J Pharm Sci 1969;58:1279-1280.
36. Faergemann J: Propylene glycol in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp: A double-blind study. Cutis 1988;42:69-71.
37. Rapaport M: A randomized, controlled clinical trial of four anti-dandruff shampoos. J Int Med Res 1981;9:152-156.
38. Marks R, Pearse AD, Walker AP: The effects of a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione on the control of dandruff. Br J Dermatol 1985;112:415-422.
39. Unholzer A, Varigos G, Nicholls D, Schinzel S, Nietsch KH, Ulbricht H, Korting HC: Ciclopiroxolamine cream for treating seborrheic dermatitis: A double-blind parallel group comparison. Infection 2002;30:373-376.
40. Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE: A double-blind placebo-controlled study of ketoconazole + desonide gel combination in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis. Dermatology 2002;204:344-347.
41. Squire RA, Goode K: A randomised, single-blind, single-centre clinical trial to evaluate comparative clinical efficacy of shampoos containing ciclopirox olamine (1.5%) and salicylic acid (3%), or ketoconazole (2%, Nizoral) for the treatment of dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis. J Dermatol Treat 2002;13:51-60.
42. Shemer A, Nathansohn N, Kaplan B, Weiss G, Newman N, Trau H: Treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis with an ointment of 40% urea and 1% bifonazole. Int J Dermatol 2000;39:532-534.
43. Shiri J, Amichai B: Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and dandruff with a shampoo containing 1% bifonazole (Agispor shampoo). J Dermatol Treat 1998;9:95-96.
44. Wigger-Alberti W, Kluge K, Elsner P: Clinical effectiveness and tolerance of climbazole-containing dandruff shampoo in patients with seborrheic scalp eczema (in German). Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2001;90:1346-1349.
45. Parsad D, Pandhi R, Negi KS, Kumar B: Topical metronidazole in seborrheic dermatitis - A double-blind study. Dermatology 2001;202:35-37.
46. Faergemann J: Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum orbiculare: Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp with miconazole-hydrocortisone (Daktacort), miconazole and hydrocortisone. Br J Dermatol 1986;114:695-700.
47. Rigopoulos D, Katsambas A, Antoniou C, Theocharis S, Stratigos J: Facial seborrheic dermatitis treated with fluconazole 2% shampoo. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:136-137.
48. Caputo R, Barbareschi M: Itraconazole: New horizons. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2002;137:1-7.
49. Faergemann J, Jones JC, Hettler O, Loria Y: Pityrosporum ovale (Malassezia furfur) as the causative agent of seborrhoeic dermatitis: New treatment options. Br J Dermatol 1996;134(suppl 46):12-15.
50. Gupta AK, Yokou M, Arika T, Bucks D: Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of butenafine hydrochloride cream 1% against Malassezia furfur species and seborrheic dermatitis. J Dermatol Treat 2000;11:79-83.
51. Braza TJ, Di Carlo JB, Soon SL, McCall CO: Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for seborrhoeic dermatitis: An open-label pilot study. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:1242-1244.
52. Crutchfield CE III: Pimecrolimus: A new treatment for seborrheic dermatitis. Cutis 2002;70:207-208.
53. Dreno B, Moyse D: Lithium gluconate in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis: A multicenter, randomised, double-blind study versus placebo. Eur J Dermatol 2002;12:549-552.
54. Dreno B, Chosidow O, Revuz J, Moyse D: Lithium gluconate 8% vs ketoconazole 2% in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis: A multicentre, randomized study. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:1230-1236.
55. Ghannoum MA, Kuhn DM: Voriconazole - Better chances for patients with invasive mycoses. Eur J Med Res 2002;7:242-256.
56. Gupta AK, Einarson TR, Summerbell RC, Shear NH: An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycoses: A North American perspective. Drugs 1998;55:645-674.
57. Elewski BE: Mechanisms of action of systemic antifungal agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:S28-S34.
58. Rosen T, Schell BJ, Orengo I: Anti-inflammatory activity of antifungal preparations. Int J Dermatol 1997;36:788-792.
59. Faergemann J: Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with oral terbinafine? Lancet 2001;358:170.
60. Scaparro E, Quadri G, Virno G, Orifici C, Milani M: Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of oral terbinafine (Daskil) in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis: A multicentre, randomized, investigator-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:854-857.
61. Chosidow O, Maurette C, Dupuy P: Randomized, open-labeled, non-inferiority study between ciclopiroxolamine 1% cream and ketoconazole 2% foaming gel in mild to moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis. Dermatology 2003;206:233-240.
62. Abrams BB, Hänel H, Hoehler T: Ciclopirox olamine: A hydroxypyridone antifungal agent. Clin Dermatol 1992;9:471-477.
63. Hanel H, Smith-Kurtz E, Pastowsky S: Therapy of seborrheic eczema with an antifungal agent with an antiphlogistic effect. Mycoses 1991;34(suppl 1):91-93.
64. Korting HC, Grundmann-Kollmann M: The hydroxypyridones: A class of antimycotics of its own. Mycoses 1997;40:243-247.
65. Nakagawa H, Etoh T, Yokota Y, Ikeda F, Hatano K, Teratani N, Shimomura K, Mine Y, Amaya T: Tacrolimus has antifungal activities against Malassezia furfur isolated from healthy adults and patients with atopic dermatitis. Clin Drug Invest 1996;12:245-250.
66. Pirkhammer D, Seeber A, Honigsmann H, Tanew A: Narrow-band ultraviolet B (TL-01) phototherapy is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with severe seborrhoeic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:964-968.