Functional Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor and Lower Urinary Tract

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 3-17

  Wei, John T ^a   De Lancey, John O L ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c Women's Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLADDER; CYSTOCELE; FASCIA; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; GENITAL SYSTEM; HUMAN; LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; MUSCLE; PELVIS FLOOR; PERINEUM; RECTOCELE; REVIEW; URETHRA; URINE INCONTINENCE; UTERUS PROLAPSE;

FASCIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIGAMENTS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MUSCLE, SMOOTH; PELVIC FLOOR; URINARY TRACT; URINARY TRACT PHYSIOLOGY; UTERINE PROLAPSE; VAGINA;

EID: 1842470946     PISSN: 00099201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00003081-200403000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, et al. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89:501-506.
2. Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M. Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association Study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104:579-585.
3. Weber AM, Abrams P, Brubaker L, et al. The standardization of terminology for researchers in female pelvic floor disorders. International Urogynecology Journal. 2001;12:178-186.
4. Bonney V. The principles that should underlie all operations for prolapse. Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp. 1934;41:669.
5. DeLancey JO. Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 166:1992.
6. Campbell RM. The anatomy and histology of the sacrouterine ligaments. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1950;59:1.
7. Range RL, Woodburne RT. The gross and microscopic anatomy of the transverse cervical ligaments. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1964;90:460.
8. Bartscht KD, DeLancey JO. A technique to study the passive supports of the uterus. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:940-943.
9. Ala-Ketola L. Roentgen diagnosis of female stress urinary incontinence. Roentgenological and clinical study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1973;23:1.
10. Muellner SR. Physiology of micturition. J Urol. 1951;65:805.
11. Westby M, Asmussen M, Ulmsten U. Location of maximum intraurethral pressure related to urogenital diaphragm in the female subject as studied by simultaneous urethrocystometry and voiding urethrocystography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982;144:408-412.
12. Miller JM, Perucchini D, Carchidi LT, et al. Pelvic floor muscle contraction during a cough and decreased vesical neck mobility. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:255.
13. DeLancey JO. Structural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: the hammock hypothesis. [comment] Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:1713.
14. Richardson AC, Edmonds PB, Williams NL. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence due to paravaginal fascial defect. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;57:357.
15. DeLancey JO. Structural anatomy of the posterior pelvic compartment as it relates to rectocele. [comment] Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:815.
16. DeLancey JO, Kearney R, Chou Q, et al. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:46-53.
17. Porges RF, Porges JC. After office hours: the anatomy and etiology of genital prolapse in women (translated by Halban and Tandler). Obstet Gynecol. 1960;15:790.
18. Halban J, Tandler I. Anatomie und Aetiologie der Genitalprolapse beim Weibe. Vienna: 1907.
19. Berglas B, Rubin IC. Study of the supportive structures of the uterus by levator myography. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1953;97:677.
20. Kirschner-Hermanns R, Wein B, Niehaus S, et al. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor to the understanding of urinary incontinence. Br J Urol. 72: t, 1993
21. Tunn R, Paris S, Fischer W, et al. Static magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor muscle morphology in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn. 1998;17:579-589.
22. Koelbl H, Strassegger H, Riss PA, et al. Morphologic and functional aspects of pelvic floor muscles in patients with pelvic relaxation and genuine stress incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;74:789-795.
23. Hanzal E, Berger E, Koelbl H. Levator ani muscle morphology and recurrent genuine stress incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;81:426.
24. Parks AG, Porter NH, Melzak J. Experimental study of the reflex mechanism controlling muscles of floor. Dis Colon Rectum. 1962;5:407.
25. Lawson JO. Pelvic anatomy. I. Pelvic floor muscles. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1974;54:244.
26. Taverner D. An electromyographic study of the normal function of the external anal sphincter and pelvic diaphragm. Dis Colon Rectum. 1959;2:153.
27. Nichols DH, Milley PS, Randall CL. Significance of restoration of normal vaginal depth and axis. Obstet Gynecol. 1970;36:251.
28. Paramore RH. The uterus as a floating organ. In: The statics of the female pelvic viscera. Edited by Lewis: London: p. 12, 1918.
29. Oelrich TM. The striated urogenital sphincter muscle in the female. Anatomical Record, 223, 1983
30. Hilton P, Stanton SL. Urethral pressure measurement by microtransducer: the results in symptom-free women and in those with genuine stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1983;90:919-933.
31. Constantinou CE. Resting and stress urethral pressures as a clinical guide to the mechanism of continence in the female patient. Urol Clin North Am. 1985;12:247-258.
32. DeLancey JO. Structural aspects of the extrinsic continence mechanism. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:296-301.
33. DeLancey JO. Correlative study of paraurethral anatomy. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;68:91-97.
34. Gil Vernet S. Morphology and function of the vesicoprostato-urethral musculature. Edizioni Canova, Treviso, 1968.
35. Huisman AB. Aspects on the anatomy of the female urethra with special relation to urinary continence. Contributions to Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1983;10:1-31.
36. Huffman J. Detailed anatomy of the paraurethral ducts in the adult human female. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1948;55:86.