Democracy online: Civility, politeness, and the democratic potential of online political discussion groups

New Media and Society

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 259-283

  Papacharissi, Zizi ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Civility; Internet; Online; Politeness; Political

Indexed keywords

EID: 1842435079     PISSN: 14614448     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1461444804041444     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Abramson, J.B., F.C. Arterton and G.R. Orren (1988) The Electronic Commonwealth: the Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics. New York: Basic Books.
2. Baym, N. (1997) 'Interpreting Soap Operas and Creating Community: Inside an Electronic Fan Culture', in S. Kiesler (ed.) Culture of the Internet, pp. 103-20. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Benson, T.W. (1996) 'Rhetoric, Civility, and Community: Political Debate on Computer Bulletin Boards', Communication Quarterly 44(3): 359-78.
4. Brown, P. and S. Levinson (1987) Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Calhoun, C. (1992) 'Introduction: Habermas and the Public Sphere', in C. Calhoun (ed.) Habermas and the Public Sphere, pp. 1-47. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
6. Carter, S.L. (1998) Civility; Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy. New York: Basic Books.
7. Connery, B.A. (1997) 'MHO: Authority and Egalitarian Rhetoric in the Virtual Coffeehouse', in D. Porter (ed.) Internet Culture, pp. 161-80. New York: Routledge.
8. Dillard, J.P., S.R. Wilson, K.J. Tusing and T.A. Kinney (1997) 'Politeness Judgments in Personal Relationships', Journal of Language and Social Psychology 16(3): 297-325.
9. Downing, J.D.H. (1989) 'Computers for Political Change: PeaceNet and Public Data Access', Journal of Communication 39(3): 154-62.
10. Fraser, B. (1990) 'Perspectives on Politeness', Journal of Pragmatics 14(2): 219-36.
11. Fraser, B. and W. Nolen (1981) 'The Association of Deference with Linguistic Form', International Journal of the Sociology of Language 27(2): 93-109.
12. Fraser, N. (1992) 'Rethinking the Public Sphere: a Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy', in C. Calhoun (ed.) Habermas and the Public Sphere, pp. 109-42. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13. Garnham, N. (1992) 'The Media and the Public Sphere', in C. Calhoun (ed.) Habermas and the Public Sphere, pp. 359-75. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
14. Goffman, E. (1971) Interaction Ritual. NewYork: Doubleday.
15. Grice, P. (1989) Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
16. Gurstein, R. (1998) 'Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy', New Republic 219(14): 40-6.
17. Habermas, J. (1962/1989) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of a Bourgeois Society' (trans. T. Burger and F. Lawrence). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
18. Habermas, J. (1991) 'The Public Sphere', in C. Mukerji and M. Schudson (eds) Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies, pp. 398-404. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
19. Hacker, K.L. and J. van Dijk (2000) 'What is Digital Democracy?', in K.L. Hacker and J. van Dijk (eds) Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice, pp. 1-9. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
20. Hacker, K.L., L. Howl, M. Scott and R. Steiner (1996) 'Uses of Computer-mediated Political Communication in the 1992 Presidential Campaign: a Content Analysis of the Bush, Clinton and Perot Computer Lists', Communication Research Reports 13: 138-46.
21. Hill, K.A. and J.E. Hughes (1998) Cyberpolitics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet. NewYork: Rowman & Littlefield.
22. Holtgraves, T. (1997) 'Yes, But . . . Positive Politeness in Conversation Arguments', Journal of Language and Social Psychology 16(2): 222-39.
23. Jamieson, K.H. (1997) 'Civility in the House of Representatives. APPC Report 10', URL (consulted March 1997): http://appcpenn.org/pubs.htm.
24. Jamieson, K.H. and E. Falk (1998) 'Civility in the House of Representatives: An update/APPC Report 20', URL (consulted November 1998): http://appcpenn.org/pubs.htm.
25. Jankowski, N.W. and M. van Selm (2000) 'The Promise and Practice of Public Debate in Cyberspace', in K. Hacker and J. van Dijk (eds) Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice, pp. 149-65. London: Sage.
26. Keane, J. (2000) 'Structural Transformations of the Public Sphere', in K.L. Hacker and J. van Dijk (eds) Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice, pp. 70-89. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
27. Kennedy, R. (1998) 'Civility in the House of Representatives', American Prospect 41: 84-91.
28. Kesler, C.R. (1992) 'Civility and Citizenship in the American Founding', in E.C. Banfield (ed.) Civility and Citizenship, pp. 57-74. NewYork: PWPA (Professors World Peace Academy).
29. Knapp, J.A. (1997) 'Essayistic Messages: Internet Newsgroups as an Electronic Public Sphere', in D. Porter (ed.) Internet Culture, pp. 181-200. New York: Routledge.
30. Lyotard, J.F. (1984) The Postmodern Condition. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
31. Millard, WB. (1997) 'I Flamed Freud: a Case Study in Teletextual Incendiarism', in D. Porter (ed.) Internet Culture, pp. 145-60. New York: Routledge.
32. Mitra, A. (1997) 'Virtual Community: Looking for India on the Internet', in S.G. Jones (ed.) Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety, pp. 55-79. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Pavlik, J.V. (1994) 'Citizen Access, Involvement, and Freedom of Expression in an Electronic Environment', in F. Williams and J.V. Pavlik (eds) The People's Right to Know: Media, Democracy, and the Information Highway, pp. 139-62. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
34. Perreault, W.D. and L.E. Leigh (1989) 'Reliability of Nominal Data Based on Qualitative Judgments', Journal of Marketing Research 26(2): 135-48.
35. Poster, M. (1997) 'Cyberdemocracy: Internet and the Public Sphere', in D. Porter (ed.) Internet Culture, pp. 201-18. New York: Routledge.
36. Rogers, E.M. and S. Malhotra (2000) 'Computers as Communication: the Rise of Digital Democracy', in K.L. Hacker and J. van Dijk (eds) Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice, pp. 10-29. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
37. Sachs, H. (1995) 'Computer Networks and the Formation of Public Opinion: an Ethnographic Study', Media, Culture & Society, 17(1): 81-99.
38. Sassi, S. (2000) 'The Controversies of the Internet and the Revitalization of Local Political Life', in K.L. Hacker and J. van Dijk (eds) Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice, pp. 90-104. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Schmidt, J. (1998) 'Civility, Enlightenment, and Society: Conceptual Confusions and Kantian Remedies', American Political Science Review 92: 419-48.
40. Schudson, M. (1997) 'Why Conversation is Not the Soul of Democracy', Critical Studies in Mass Communication 14(4): 1-13.
41. Shils, E. (1992) 'Civility and Civil Society', in E. C. Banfield (ed.) Civility and Citizenship, pp. 1-16. New York: PWPA (Professors World Peace Academy).
42. Stivale, C.J. (1997) 'Spam: Heteroglossia and Harassment in Cyberspace', in D. Porter (ed.) Internet Culture, pp. 133-44. New York: Routledge.