Generalized crystallography [1]

Structural Chemistry

Volumn 13, Issue 3-4, 2002, Pages 215-220

  Mackay, Alan L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Crystallography; Hierarchy; Information; Microscopy; Morphogenesis

Indexed keywords

ATOM; CRYSTAL; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PHYSICS; REVIEW; SOLID STATE;

EID: 1842421412     PISSN: 10400400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1015838303255     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. A. L. Mackay, 2001.
2. Cicero, better known for his literary writings, was the editor of the text of Lucretius' "De rerum natura," ["On the Nature of Things," a title also used by William Bragg for a lecture series on the structure of matter at the Royal Institution]. He also found and restored the tomb of Archimedes in Sicily and perhaps also saw the anti-Kythera machine, a complex analog astronomical computer, or something like it. Our school teaching has underestimated the scientific activities of antiquity.
3. Plato, in particular, in spite of the reputed legend "let no one ignorant of geometry enter here," is supposed to have suppressed the works of Democritos and propagated the technology of state myths to which would be attributed the social order.
4. George Sarton, doyen of historians of science, labels the influence of Plato's "Timaeus" as an evil one.
5. Sokal, Alan; Bricmont, Jean, Intellectual Impostures; Profile: London 1998.
6. However, the social structure of the those dealing with crystallography is so coherent and is formalized by many national crystallographic societies and by the International Union of Crystallography, that a change of name would be quite undesirable, although the subject matter and techniques may change. See Fifty Years of X-ray Diffraction; Ewald, P. P., ed; IUC, in 1992.
7. Van't Hoff, J. H. Stereo-isomerism, Encyclop. Brit., 11th edn., 1910, 25, 890.
8. Bernal, J. D. Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century; London, 1953. Routledge, Kegan Paul, London.
9. Newton was born, a posthumous child, on Christmas day in the year (1642) that Galileo died.
10. Tandy, P. Crystallogr. News (BCA), 15-23 (June 1999) and earlier in Geolo. Curator, 1998, 6, 333. Groth, P. Physikalische Krystallographie; Engelmann, Leipzig, 1895 (contains a large section of advertisements for crystallographic models).
11. Tandy, P. Crystallogr. News (BCA), 15-23 (June 1999) and earlier in Geolo. Curator, 1998, 6, 333. Groth, P. Physikalische Krystallographie; Engelmann, Leipzig, 1895 (contains a large section of advertisements for crystallographic models).
12. Tandy, P. Crystallogr. News (BCA), 15-23 (June 1999) and earlier in Geolo. Curator, 1998, 6, 333. Groth, P. Physikalische Krystallographie; Engelmann, Leipzig, 1895 (contains a large section of advertisements for crystallographic models).
13. See the important essay by Ludwig Boltzmann Models, Encyclop. Brit, 11th edn., 1910.
14. P. Redondi, in "Galileo, Heretic" suggests that Galileo was induced to plead guilty to the heresy of heliocentricism so that the more serious crime of atomism (which would question the nature of transsubstantiation) should not be ventilated.
15. There are about four different types of machine. It is used for making prototypes and models in the size range of 1 to 30 cm, but is as yet not economic for serial production.
16. Microcosmic salt, an ammonium sodium hydrogen orthophosphate, was so named because it is found in decomposing human urine, "the microcosmos."
17. Blanchard, P. Alliage (Nice), 1999, p.47.
18. At the other end of the scale of sizes, the devices for using Global Positioning System (GPS), now extremely cheap through nanotechnology, apply the nonintuitive equations of general relativity.
19. Nature (London), 1996, 383, 772, (1996).
20. Rudyard Kipling, in "The Secret of the Machines," wrote "But remember please the Law by which we live, / We are not built to comprehend a lie, / We can neither love nor pity nor forgive, / If you make a slip in handling us you die." (Not really well-designed poetry, but like the first machines themselves!)
21. See the essay on Hessen by Paul Josephson. Introducer of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity into Russia, Hessen's fate showed the tight connections between science, technology, ideology, and power.
22. -8 cm.
23. Zou, X. Electron Crystallography of Inorganic Structures; Stockholm University: Stockholm, 1995.
24. Delone, B. N.; Padurov, N.; Aleksandrov, A. Matematicheskie Osnovy Strukturnogo Analiza Kristallov; ONTI: Leningrad-Moscow, 1934.
25. William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879) (whose tomb is in Highgate Cemetery) was also concerned with the application of mathematics to chemical structure as "chemico-algebraic theory."
26. A Mathematica package "Clifford Algebra Calculations" has been prepared by Jose Luis Aragon, who has also demonstrated crystallographic calculations in several papers; email: joseluis@iec.csic.es. "Modern geometric calculations in crystallography" Aragón, G.; Aragon, J. L.; Davila, F.; Gómez, A.; Roderi"guez, M. A., Geometric Algebra: A Geometric Approach to Computer Vision, Neural and Quantum Computing, Robotics and Engineering, (eds.) E. Bayro-Cornochano and G. Sobczyk, Bu̇khäusen, Boston, 2001 [ISBN-081-76-4199-8].
27. Lord, E. A.; Wilson, C. B. The Mathematical Description of Shape and Form; Wiley: New York, 1984; Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth On Growth and Form, Cambridge, 1917.
28. Friedrichs, Olaf Delgado; Dress, Andreas W. M.; Huson, Daniel H.; Klinowski, Jacek; Mackay, Alan L. Nature 1999, 400, 644.
29. Needham, J. Order and Life; Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 1936.
30. "Essays on structural crystallography," XIII Mineral. Sb. L'VOV Geol. Obschch., 1962, 16, 41.
31. Hardy, H. K.; Silcock, J. M. J. Inst. Met., 1955-1956, 24, 423.
32. Shubnikov, A. V. Kristallografiya, 1960, 5, 489.
33. Klinowski, J.; Mackay, A. L. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1996, A 354, 1069.
34. Zocher, H.; Török, C. Acta Crystallogr., 1967, 22, 751.
35. Klug, A.; Franklin, R. E.; Humphreys-Owen, S. P. F. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1959, 32, 203.
36. Ball, P. "The Self-Made Tapestry. Pattern Formation in Nature"; Oxford Univ. Press: Oxford, 1999; Ozin, G. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 17; Hyde, S.; Andersson, S.; Larsson, K.; Blum, Z.; Landh, T.; Lidin, S.; Ninham, B. W. The Language of Shape; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1997.
37. Ball, P. "The Self-Made Tapestry. Pattern Formation in Nature"; Oxford Univ. Press: Oxford, 1999; Ozin, G. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 17; Hyde, S.; Andersson, S.; Larsson, K.; Blum, Z.; Landh, T.; Lidin, S.; Ninham, B. W. The Language of Shape; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1997.
38. Ball, P. "The Self-Made Tapestry. Pattern Formation in Nature"; Oxford Univ. Press: Oxford, 1999; Ozin, G. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 17; Hyde, S.; Andersson, S.; Larsson, K.; Blum, Z.; Landh, T.; Lidin, S.; Ninham, B. W. The Language of Shape; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1997.
39. Mackay, A. L. Izv. Jugosl. Centr. Kristallogr. (Zagreb), 1975, 10, 15; Comp. Math. Appl. 1986, 12B, 21; Proc. R. Soc. London A 1993, 442, 47.
40. Mackay, A. L. Izv. Jugosl. Centr. Kristallogr. (Zagreb), 1975, 10, 15; Comp. Math. Appl. 1986, 12B, 21; Proc. R. Soc. London A 1993, 442, 47.
41. Mackay, A. L. Izv. Jugosl. Centr. Kristallogr. (Zagreb), 1975, 10, 15; Comp. Math. Appl. 1986, 12B, 21; Proc. R. Soc. London A 1993, 442, 47.
42. R. E. Latham's translation in Penguin Classics: "Lucretius: On the Nature of the Universe" (rev. edn, 1994) provides understanding, but I happen to have the 2nd edition of Thomas Creech (1659-1700), London, 1717, which is a marvel of scholarship, and of the technology of printing, and which provides direct access to the actual words of the author formulated more than two thousand years ago. Lucretius final words on chemical bonding: "When the textures of two substances are mutually contrary, so that the hollows in the ones correspond to full sections in the other and vice versa, then connection between them is most perfect. It is even possible for some things to be coupled together, as though linked by rings and hooks" is immediately followed by a horrific description of the medical and social effects of the plague in Athens. Both topics are still worth our attention.