Leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor

Growth Factors and Cytokines in Health and Disease

Volumn 2, Issue C, 1997, Pages 613-668

  Nicola, Nicos A ^a   Hilton, Douglas J ^b  

^a Institute of Medical Research Parkville   (Australia)

^b The Cooperative Research Center for Cellular Growth Factors Parkville   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1842408799     PISSN: 18745687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1874-5687(97)80037-7     Document Type: Review

References (318)

1. Abe E., Tanaka H., Ishimi Y., Miyaura C., Hayashi T., Nagasawa H., Tomida M., Yamaguchi Y., Hozumi M., and Suda T. Differentiation-inducing factor purified from conditioned medium of mitogen-treated spleen cell cultures stimulates bone resorption. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 5958-5962
2. Akira S., and Kishimoto T. IL-6 and NF-IL6 in acute-phase response and viral infection. Immunol Rev. 127 (1992) 25-50
3. Akira S., Nishio Y., Inoue M., Wang X.J., Wei S., Matsusaka T., Yoshida K., Sudo T., Naruto M., and Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning of APRF, a novel IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 p91-related transcription factor involved in the gp130-mediated signaling pathway. Cell 77 (1994) 63-71
4. Alexander H.R., Wong G.G., Doherty G.M., Venzon D.J., Fraker D.L., and Norton J.A. Differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor protection against lethal endotoxemia in mice: Synergistic effect with interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. J. Exp. Med. 175 (1992) 1139-1142
5. Allan E.H., Hilton D.J., Brown M.A., Evely R.S., Yumita S., Metcalf D., Gough N.M., Ng K.W., Nicola N.A., and Martin T.J. Osteoblasts display receptors for and responses to leukemia-inhibitory factor. J. Cell. Physiol. 145 (1990) 110-119
6. Aloisi F., Rosa S., Testa U., Bonsi P., Russo G., Peschle C., and Levi G. Regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor synthesis in cultured human astrocytes. J. Immunol. 152 (1994) 5022-5031
7. Anegon I., Moreau J.F., Godard A., Jacques Y., Peyrat M.A., Hallet M.M., Wong G., and Soulillou J.P. Production of human interleukin for DA cells (HILDA)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) by activated monocytes. Cell. Immunol. 130 (1990) 50-65
8. Austin L., and Burgess A.W. Stimulation of myoblast proliferation in culture by leukaemia inhibitory factor and other cytokines. J. Neurol. Sci. 101 (1991) 193-197
9. Bamber B.A., Masters B.A., Hoyle G.W., Brinster R.L., and Palmiter R.D. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces neurotransmitter switching in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 7839-7843
10. Banner L.R., and Patterson P.H. Major changes in the expression of the mRNAs for cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor after injury to adult peripheral nerves and ganglia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 7109-7113
11. Barnard W., Bower J., Brown M.A., Murphy M., and Austin L. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) infusion stimulates skeletal muscle regeneration after injury: Injured muscle expresses lif mRNA. J. Neurol. Sci. 123 (1994) 108-113
12. Barton B.E., Jackson J.V., Lee F., and Wagner J. Oncostatin M stimulates proliferation in B9 hybridoma cells: Potential role of oncostatin M in plasmacytoma development. Cytokine 6 (1994) 147-153
13. Baumann H. Hepatic acute phase reaction in vivo and in vitro. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 25 (1989) 115-126
14. Baumann H., and Schendel P. Interleukin-11 regulates the hepatic expression of the same plasma protein genes as interleukin-6. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 20424-20427
15. Baumann H., and Wong G.G. Hepatocyte-stimulating factor III shares structural and functional identity with leukemia-inhibitory factor. J. Immunol. 143 (1989) 1163-1167
16. Baumann H., Hill R.E., Sauder D.N., and Jahreis G.P. Regulation of major acute-phase plasma proteins by hepatocyte-stimulating factors of human squamous carcinoma cells. J. Cell Biol. 102 (1986) 370-383
17. Baumann H., Jahreis G.P., Sauder D.N., and Koj A. Human keratinocytes and monocytes release factors which regulate the synthesis of major acute phase plasma proteins in hepatic cells from man, rat, and mouse. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 7331-7342
18. Baumann H., Onorato V., Gauldie J., and Jahreis G.P. Distinct sets of acute phase plasma proteins are stimulated by separate human hepatocyte-stimulating factors and monokines in rat hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 9756-9768
19. Baumann H., Richards C., and Gauldie J. Interaction among hepatocyte-stimulating factors, interleukin 1, and glucocorticoids for regulation of acute phase plasma proteins in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. J. Immunol. 139 (1987) 4122-4128
20. Baumann H., Prowse K.R., Won K.A., Marinkovic S., and Jahreis G.P. Regulation of acute phase protein genes by hepatocyte-stimulating factors, monokines and glucocorticoids. Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med. 13 (1988) 277-292
21. Baumann H., Symes A.J., Comeau M.R., Morella K.K., Wang Y., Friend D., Ziegler S.F., Fink J.S., and Gearing D.P. Multiple regions within the cytoplasmic domains of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and gp130 cooperate in signal transduction in hepatic and neuronal cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 138-146
22. Baumann H., Ziegler S.F., Mosley B., Morella K.K., Pajovic S., and Gearing D.P. Reconstitution of the response to leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, and ciliary neurotrophic factor in hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 8414-84147
23. Bazan J.F. Haemopoietic receptors and helical cytokines. Immunol. Today 11 (1990) 350-354
24. Bazan J.F. Structural design and molecular evolution of a cytokine receptor superfamily. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 6934-6938
25. Bazan J.F. Neuropoietic cytokines in the hematopoietic fold. Neuron 7 (1991) 197-208
26. Bhatt H., Brunet L.J., and Stewart C.L. Uterine expression of leukemia inhibitory factor coincides with the onset of blastocyst implantation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 11408-11412
27. Bonni A., Frank D.A., Schindler C., and Greenberg M.E. Characterization of a pathway for ciliary neurotrophic factor signalling to the nucleus. Science 262 (1993) 1575-1579
28. Boulton T.G., Stahl N., and Yancopoulos G.D. Ciliary neutrophic factor/leukemia inhibitory factor/interleukin 6/oncostatin M family of cytokines induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a common set of proteins overlapping those induced by other cytokines and growth factors. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 11648-11655
29. Bower J., Vakakis N., Nicola N.A., and Austin L. Specific binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to murine myoblasts in culture. J. Cell. Physiol. 164 (1995) 93-98
30. Bradley A., Evans M., Kaufman M.H., and Robertson E. Formation of germ-line chimaeras from embryo-derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature 309 (1984) 255-256
31. Brinster R.L. The effect of cells transferred into the mouse blastocyst on subsequent development. J. Exp. Med. 140 (1974) 1049-1056
32. Brown G.S., Brown M.A., Hilton D., Gough N.M., and Sleigh M.J. Inhibition of differentiation in a murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cell subline by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Growth Factors 7 (1992) 41-52
33. Brown M.A., Metcalf D., and Gough N.M. Leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin 6 are expressed at very low levels in the normal adult mouse and are induced by inflammation. Cytokine 6 (1994) 300-309
34. Bruce A.G., Hoggatt I.H., and Rose T.M. Oncostatin M is a differentiation factor for myeloid leukemia cells. J. Immunol. 149 (1992) 1271-1275
35. Brugger W., Mocklin W., Heimfeld S., Berenson R.J., Mertelsmann R., and Kanz L. Ex vivo expansion of enriched peripheral blood CD34+ progenitor cells by stem cell factor, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-3, interferon-gamma, and erythropoietin. Blood 81 (1993) 2579-2584
36. Burstein S.A., Mei R.L., Henthorn J., Friese P., and Turner K. Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-11 promote maturation of murine and human megakaryocytes in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 153 (1992) 305-312
37. Campbell I.K., Waring P., Novak U., and Hamilton J.A. Production of leukemia inhibitory factor by human articular chondrocytes and cartilage in response to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Arth. Rheum. 36 (1993) 790-794
38. Capecchi M.R. The new mouse genetics: Altering the genome by gene targeting. Trends in Genetics 5 (1989) 70-76
39. Capecchi M.R. Mouse genetics. YACs to the rescue. Nature 362 (1993) 205-206
40. Capecchi M.R. Targeted gene replacement. Sci. Am. 270 (1994) 52-59
41. Carroll G.J., and Bell M.C. Leukaemia inhibitory factor stimulates proteoglycan resorption in porcine articular cartilage. Rheum. Int. 13 (1993) 5-8
42. Cheema S.S., Richards L., Murphy M., and Bartlett P.F. Leukemia inhibitory factor prevents the death of axotomised sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia of the neonatal rat. J. Neurosci. Res. 37 (1994) 213-218
43. Cheema S.S., Richards L.J., Murphy M., and Bartlett P.F. Leukaemia inhibitory factor rescues motoneurones from axotomy-induced cell death. Neuroreport 5 (1994) 989-992
44. Conover J.C., Ip N.Y., Poueymirou W.T., Bates B., Goldfarb M.P., DeChiara T.M., and Yancopoulos G.D. Ciliary neurotrophic factor maintains the pluripotentiality of embryonic stem cells. Development 119 (1993) 559-565
45. Cronmiller C., and Mintz B. Karyotypic normalcy and quasi-normalcy of developmentally totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells. Dev. Biol. 67 (1978) 465-477
46. Croy B.A., Guilbert L.J., Browne M.A., Gough N.M., Stinchcomb D.T., Reed N., and Wegmann T.G. Characterization of cytokine production by the metrial gland and granulated metrial gland cells. J. Repro. Immunol. 19 (1991) 149-166
47. Cunningham B.C., Ultsch M., De Vos A.M., Mulkerrin M.G., Clauser K.R., and Wells J.A. Dimerization of the extracellular domain of the human growth hormone receptor by a single hormone molecule. Science 254 (1991) 821-825
48. Curtis R., Scherer S.S., Somogyi R., Adryan K.M., Ip N.Y., Zhu Y., Lindsay R.M., and DiStefano P.S. Retrograde axonal transport of LIF is increased by peripheral nerve injury: Correlation with increased LIF expression in distal nerve. Neuron 12 (1994) 191-204
49. Darnell Jr. J., Kerr I.M., and Stark G.R. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science 264 (1994) 1415-1421
50. Davis S., Aldrich T.H., Stahl N., Pan L., Taga T., Kishimoto T., Ip N.Y., and Yancopoulos G.D. LIFR beta and gp130 as heterodimerizing signal transducers of the tripartite CNTF receptor. Science 260 (1993) 1805-1808
51. de Vos A.M., Ultsch M., and Kossiakoff A.A. Human growth hormone and extracellular domain of its receptor: Crystal structure of the complex. Science 255 (1992) 306-312
52. Debili N., Masse J.M., Katz A., Guichard J., Breton-Gorius J., and Vainchenker W. Effects of the recombinant hematopoietic growth factors interleukin-3, interleukin-6, stem cell factor, and leukemia inhibitory factor on the megakaryocytic differentiation of CD34+ cells. Blood 82 (1993) 84-95
53. Derigs H.G., and Boswell H.S. LIF mRNA expression is transcriptionally regulated in murine bone marrow stromal cells. Leukemia 7 (1993) 630-634
54. Dick J.E., Kamel-Reid S., Murdoch B., and Doedens M. Gene transfer into normal human hematopoietic cells using in vitro and in vivo assays. Blood 78 (1991) 624-634
55. Doetschman T., Gregg R.G., Maeda N., Hooper M.L., Melton D.W., Thompson S., and Smithies O. Targetted correction of a mutant HPRT gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 330 (1987) 576-578
56. Dolci S., Pesce M., and De Felici M. Combined action of stem cell factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, and cAMP on in vitro proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells. Mol. Repro. Dev. 35 (1993) 134-139
57. Ernst M., Gearing D.P., and Dunn A.R. Functional and biochemical association of Hck with the LIF/IL-6 receptor signal transducing subunit gp130 in embryonic stem cells. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 1574-1584
58. Escary J.L., Perreau J., Dumenil D., Ezine S., and Brulet P. Leukaemia inhibitory factor is necessary for maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells and thymocyte stimulation. Nature 363 (1993) 361-364
59. Evans D.B., Gerber B., and Feyen J.H. Recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor is mitogenic for human bone-derived osteoblast-like cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 199 (1994) 220-226
60. Evans M.J., and Kaufman M.H. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292 (1981) 154-156
61. Fann M.J., and Patterson P.H. A novel approach to screen for cytokine effects on neuronal gene expression. J. Neurochem. 61 (1993) 1349-1355
62. Farese A.M., Myers L.A., and MacVittie T.J. Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in a primate model of radiation-induced marrow aplasia. Blood 84 (1994) 3675-3678
63. Feldman G.M., Petricoin E.3., David M., Larner A.C., and Finbloom D.S. Cytokines that associate with the signal transducer gp130 activate the interferon-induced transcription factor p91 by tyrosine phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 10747-10752
64. Ferguson I.A., Schweitzer J.B., Bartlett P.F., and Johnson Jr. E. Receptor-mediated retrograde transport in CNS neurons after intraventricular administration of NGF and growth factors. J. Comp. Neurol. 313 (1991) 680-692
65. Fletcher F.A., Moore K.A., Ashkenazi M., De Vries P., Overbeek P.A., Williams D.E., and Belmont J.W. Leukemia inhibitory factor improves survival of retroviral vector-infected hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, allowing efficient long-term expression of vector-encoded human adenosine deaminase in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 174 (1991) 837-845
66. Fletcher F.A., Moore K.A., Williams D.E., Anderson D., Maliszewski C., and Belmont J.W. Effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on gene transfer efficiency into murine hematolymphoid progenitors. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 292 (1991) 131-138
67. Fletcher F.A., Williams D.E., Maliszewski C., Anderson D., Rives M., and Belmont J.W. Murine leukemia inhibitory factor enhances retroviral-vector infection efficiency of hematopoietic progenitors. Blood 76 (1990) 1098-1103
68. Friedrich G., and Soriano P. Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: A genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice. Genes Dev. 5 (1991) 1513-1523
69. Fu X.Y., Schindler C., Improta T., Aebersold R., and Darnell Jr. J. The proteins of ISGF-3, the interferon alpha-induced transcriptional activator, define a gene family involved in signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 7840-7843
70. Fujii J.T., and Martin G.R. Developmental potential of teratocarcinoma stem cells in utero following aggregation with cleavage-stage mouse embryos. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 74 (1983) 79-96
71. Fukada K. Purification and partial characterization of a cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82 (1985) 8795-8799
72. Gardner R.L., and Johnson M.H. Investigation of cellular interaction and deployment in the early mammalian embryo using interspecific chimaeras between the rat and mouse. Ciba Found. Symp. (1975) 183-200
73. Gardner R.L., Papaioannou V.E., and Barton S.C. Origin of the ectoplacental cone and secondary giant cells in mouse blastocysts reconstituted from isolated trophoblast and inner cell mass. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 30 (1973) 561-572
74. Gardner R.L., and Rossant J. Investigation of the fate of 4-5 day post-coitum mouse inner cell mass cells by blastocyst injection. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 52 (1979) 141-152
75. Gascan H., Godard A., Ferenz C., Naulet J., Praloran V., Peyrat M.A., Hewick R., Jacques Y., Moreau J.F., and Soulillou J.P. Characterization and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of natural human interleukin for DA cells: Leukemia inhibitory factor. Differentiation inhibitory activity secreted by a T lymphoma cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 21509-21515
76. Gascan H., and Lemetayer J. Induction of leukemia inhibitory factor secretion by interleukin-1 in a human T lymphoma cell line. Lymph. Cyt. Res. 10 (1991) 115-118
77. Gauldie J., Richards C., Harnish D., Lansdorp P., and Baumann H. Interferon beta 2/B-cell stimulatory factor type 2 shares identity with monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and regulates the major acute phase protein response in liver cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 (1987) 7251-7255
78. Gauldie J., Richards C., Northemann W., Fey G., and Baumann H. IFN beta 2/BSF2/IL-6 is the monocyte-derived HSF that regulates receptor-specific acute phase gene regulation in hepatocytes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 557 (1989) 46-58
79. Gearing D.P., and Bruce A.G. Oncostatin M binds the high-affinity leukemia inhibitory factor receptor. New Biologist 4 (1992) 61-65
80. Gearing D.P., Comeau M.R., Friend D.J., Gimpel S.D., Thut C.J., McGourty J., Brasher K.K., King J.A., Gillis S., Mosley B., Ziegler S.F., and Cosman D. The IL-6 signal transducer, gp130: An oncostatin M receptor and affinity converter for the LIF receptor. Science 255 (1992) 1434-1437
81. Gearing D.P., Gough N.M., King J.A., Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., Simpson R.J., Nice E.C., Kelso A., and Metcalf D. Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a murine myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). EMBO J. 6 (1987) 3995-4002
82. Gearing D.P., Thut C.J., VandeBos T., Gimpel S.D., Delaney P.B., King J., Price V., Cosman D., and Beckmann M.P. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor is structurally related to the IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. EMBO J. 10 (1991) 2839-2848
83. Gearing D.P., Ziegler S.F., Comeau M.R., Friend D., Thoma B., Cosman D., Park L., and Mosley B. Proliferative responses and binding properties of hematopoietic cells transfected with low-affinity receptors for leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 1119-1123
84. Gimble J.M., Wanker F., Wang C.S., Bass H., Wu X., Kelly K., Yancopoulos G.D., and Hill M.R. Regulation of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation by cytokines whose receptors share the gp130 protein. J. Cell. Biochem. 54 (1994) 122-133
85. Godard A., Gascan H., Naulet J., Peyrat M.A., Jacques Y., Soulillou J.P., and Moreau J.F. Biochemical characterization and purification of HILDA, a human lymphokine active on eosinophils and bone marrow cells. Blood 71 (1988) 1618-1623
86. Godard A., Heymann D., Raher S., Anegon I., Peyrat M.A., Le Mauff B., Mouray E., Gregoire M., Virdee K., Soulillou J.P., Moreau J.-F., and Jacques Y. High and low affinity receptors for human interleukin for DA cells/leukemia inhibitory factor on human cells. Molecular characterization and cellular distribution. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 3214-3222
87. Gough N.M., Gearing D.P., King J.A., Willson T.A., Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Metcalf D. Molecular cloning and expression of the human homologue of the murine gene encoding myeloid leukemia-inhibitory factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 2623-2627
88. Gough N.M., Wilson T.A., Stahl J., and Brown M.A. Molecular biology of the leukaemia inhibitory factor gene. Ciba Found. Symp. 167 (1992) 24-38
89. Greenberg A.S., Nordan R.P., McIntosh J., Calvo J.C., Scow R.O., and Jablons D. Interleukin 6 reduces lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of mice in vivo and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a possible role for interleukin 6 in cancer cachexia. Canc. Res. 52 (1992) 4113-4116
90. Greenfield E.M., Gornik S.A., Horowitz M.C., Donahue H.J., and Shaw S.M. Regulation of cytokine expression in osteoblasts by parathyroid hormone: Rapid stimulation of interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA. J. Bone. Min. Res. 8 (1993) 1163-1171
91. Grez M., Akgun E., Hilberg F., and Ostertag W. Embryonic stem cell virus, a recombinant murine retrovirus with expression in embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 9202-9206
92. Grove R.I., Eberhardt C., Abid S., Mazzucco C., Liu J., Kiener P., Todaro G., and Shoyab M. Oncostatin M is a mitogen for rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 823-827
93. Hakeda Y., Sudo T., Ishizuka S., Tanaka K., Higashino K., Kusuda M., Kodama H., and Kumegawa M. Murine recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor modulates inhibitory effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 175 (1991) 577-582
94. Hamilton J.A., Waring P.M., and Filonzi E.L. Induction of leukemia inhibitory factor in human synovial fibroblasts by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Immunol. 150 (1993) 1496-1502
95. Hendry I.A., Murphy M., Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Bartlett P.F. Binding and retrograde transport of leukemia inhibitory factor by the sensory nervous system. J. Neurosci. 12 (1992) 3427-3434
96. Hibi M., Murakami M., Saito M., Hirano T., Taga T., and Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. Cell 63 (1990) 1149-1157
97. Hilton D.J., Hilton A.A., Raicevic A., Rakar S., Harrison-Smith M., Gough N.M., Begley C.G., Metcalf D., Nicola N.A., and Willson T.A. Cloning of a murine IL-11 receptor alpha-chain; requirement for gp130 for high affinity binding and signal transduction. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 4765-4775
98. Hilton D.J., and Nicola N.A. Kinetic analyses of the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to receptor on cells and membranes and in detergent solution. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 10238-10247
99. Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., Gough N.M., and Metcalf D. Resolution and purification of three distinct factors produced by Krebs ascites cells which have differentiation-inducing activity on murine myeloid leukemic cell lines. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 9238-9243
100. Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Metcalf D. Purification of a murine leukemia inhibitory factor from Krebs ascites cells. Anal. Biochem. 173 (1988) 359-367
101. Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Metcalf D. Specific binding of murine leukemia inhibitory factor to normal and leukemic monocytic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 5971-5975
102. Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Metcalf D. Distribution and comparison of receptors for leukemia inhibitory factor on murine hemopoietic and hepatic cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 146 (1991) 207-215
103. Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., Waring P.M., and Metcalf D. Clearance and fate of leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) after injection into mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 148 (1991) 430-439
104. Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Metcalf D. Distribution and binding properties of receptors for leukaemia inhibitory factor. Ciba Found. Symp. 167 (1992) 227-239
105. Helgren M.E., Squinto S.P., Davis H.L., Parry D.J., Boulton T.G., Heck C.S., Zhu Y., Yancopoulos G.D., Lindsay R.M., and DiStefano P.S. Trophic effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on denervated skeletal muscle. Cell 76 (1994) 493-504
106. Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Interleukin-6- and leukemia inhibitory factor-induced terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells is blocked at an intermediate stage by constitutive c-myc. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (1991) 2375-2381
107. Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Suppression of c-myc and c-myb is tightly linked to terminal differentiation induced by IL6 or LIF and not growth inhibition in myeloid leukemia cells. Oncogene 6 (1991) 903-909
108. Hogan B., and Tilly R. In vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts. I. Inner cell masses from 3.5-day p.c. blastocysts incubated for 24 h before immunosurgery. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 45 (1978) 93-105
109. Hou J., Schindler U., Henzel W.J., Ho T.C., Brasseur M., and McKnight S.L. An interleukin-4-induced transcription factor: IL-4 Stat. Science 265 (1994) 1701-1706
110. Hsu L.W., and Heath J.K. Identification of two elements involved in regulating expression of the murine leukaemia inhibitory factor gene. Biochem. J. 302 (1994) 103-110
111. Hughes F.J., and Howells G.L. Interleukin-11 inhibits bone formation in vitro. Calc. Tiss. Int. 53 (1993) 362-364
112. Ichikawa Y. Differentiation of a cell line of myeloid leukemia. J. Cell. Physiol. 74 (1969) 223-234
113. Ichikawa Y. Further studies on the differentiation of a cell line of myeloid leukemia. J. Cell. Physiol. 76 (1970) 175-184
114. Ihle J.N., and Kerr I.M. JAKS and STATS in signalling by the cytokine receptor superfamily. Trends in Genetics 11 (1995) 69-74
115. Ihle J.N., Witthuhn B.A., Quelle F.W., Yamamoto K., Thierfelder W.E., Kreider B., and Silvennoinen O. Signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily: JAKs and STATs. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 19 (1994) 222-227
116. Ikebuchi K., Clark S.C., Ihle J.N., Souza L.M., and Ogawa M. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances interleukin 3-dependent proliferation of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 3445-3449
117. Ikebuchi K., Ihle J.N., Hirai Y., Wong G.G., Clark S.C., and Ogawa M. Synergistic factors for stem cell proliferation: further studies of the target stem cells and the mechanism of stimulation by interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood 72 (1988) 2007-2014
118. Illmensee K., and Mintz B. Totipotency and normal differentiation of single teratocarcinoma cells cloned by injection into blastocysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73 (1976) 549-553
119. Imai T., Koike K., Kubo T., Kikuchi T., Amano Y., Takagi M., Okumura N., and Nakahata T. Interleukin-6 supports human megakaryocytic proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Blood 78 (1991) 1969-1974
120. Imai T., and Nakahata T. Stem cell factor promotes proliferation of human primitive megakaryocytic progenitors, but not megakaryocytic maturation. Int. J. Hemat. 59 (1994) 91-98
121. Ip N.Y., Nye S.H., Boulton T.G., Davis S., Taga T., Li Y., Birren S.J., Yasukawa K., Kishimoto T., Anderson D.J., Stahl N., and Yancopoulos G.D. CNTF and LIF act on neuronal cells via shared signaling pathways that involve the IL-6 signal transducing receptor component gp130. Cell 69 (1992) 1121-1132
122. Ishimi Y., Miyaura C., Jin C.H., Akatsu T., Abe E., Nakamura Y., Yamaguchi A., Yoshiki S., Matsuda T., Hirano T., Kishimoto T., and Suda T. IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption. J. Immunol. 145 (1990) 3297-3303
123. Ishimi Y., Abe E., Jin C.H., Miyaura C., Hong M.H., Oshida M., Kurosawa H., Yamaguchi Y., Tomida M., Hozumi M., and Suda T. Leukemia inhibitory factor/differentiation-stimulating factor (LIF/D-factor): Regulation of its production and possible roles in bone metabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 152 (1992) 71-78
124. Johnson R.S., Sheng M., Greenberg M.E., Kolodner R.D., Papaioannou V.E., and Spiegelman B.M. Targeting of nonexpressed genes in embryonic stem cells via homologous recombination. Science 245 (1989) 1234-1236
125. Kalberg C., Yung S.Y., and Kessler J.A. The cholinergic stimulating effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor are mediated by protein kinase C. J. Neurochem. 60 (1993) 145-152
126. Kawano M., Hirano T., Matsuda T., Taga T., Horii Y., Iwato K., Asaoku H., Tang B., Tanabe O., Tanaka H., Kuramoto A., and Kishimoto T. Autocrine generation and requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myelomas. Nature 332 (1988) 83-85
127. Kishimoto T., Hibi M., Murakami M., Narazaki M., Saito M., and Taga T. The molecular biology of IL-6 and its receptor. Ciba Found. Symp. 167 (1992) 5-16
128. Koike K., Nakahata T., Kubo T., Kikuchi T., Takagi M., Ishiguro A., Tsuji K., Naganuma K., Okano A., Akiyama Y., and Akabane T. Interleukin-6 enhances murine megakaryocytopoiesis in serum-free culture. Blood 75 (1990) 2286-2291
129. Kojima K., Kanzaki H., Iwai M., Hatayama H., Fujimoto M., Inoue T., Horie K., Nakayama H., Fujita J., and Mori T. Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in human endometrium and placenta. Biol. Reprod. 50 (1994) 882-887
130. Kola I., Davey A., and Gough N.M. Localization of the murine leukemia inhibitory factor gene near the centromere on chromosome 11. Growth Factors 2 (1990) 235-240
131. Koopman P., and Cotton R.G. A factor produced by feeder cells which inhibits embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation. Characterization and partial purification. Exp. Cell Res. 154 (1984) 233-242
132. Kopf M., Baumann H., Freer G., Freudenberg M., Lamers M., Kishimoto T., Zinkernagel R., Bluethmann H., and Kohler G. Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Nature 368 (1994) 339-342
133. Kordula T., Rokita H., Koj A., Fiers W., Gauldie J., and Baumann H. Effects of interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor on the acute phase response and DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Lymph. Cyt. Res. 10 (1991) 23-26
134. Kotzbauer P.T., Lampe P.A., Estus S., Milbrandt J., and Johnson Jr. E. Postnatal development of survival responsiveness in rat sympathetic neurons to leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Neuron 12 (1994) 763-773
135. Kreisberg R., Detrick M.S., and Moore R.N. Opposing effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha and leukemia inhibitory factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated myelopoiesis. Inf. Immun. 61 (1993) 418-422
136. Krystosek A., and Sachs L. Control of lysozyme induction in the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. Cell 9 (1976) 675-684
137. Kushima Y., and Hatanaka H. Interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor promote the survival of acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons in culture from embryonic rat spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 143 (1992) 110-1104
138. Layton M.J., Cross B.A., Metcalf D., Ward L.D., Simpson R.J., and Nicola N.A. A major binding protein for leukemia inhibitory factor in normal mouse serum: identification as a soluble form of the cellular receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 8616-8620
139. Layton M.J., Lock P., Metcalf D., and Nicola N.A. Cross-species receptor binding characteristics of human and mouse leukemia inhibitory factor suggest a complex binding interaction. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 17048-17055
140. Layton M.J., Owczarek C.M., Metcalf D., Clark R.L., Smith D.K., Treutlein H.R., and Nicola N.A. Conversion of the biological specificity of murine to human leukemia inhibitory factor by replacing 6 amino acid residues. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 29891-29896
141. Layton M.J., Owczarek C.M., Metcalf D., Lock P.A., Wilson T.A., Gough N.M., Hilton D.J., and Nicola N.A. Complex binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to its membrane-expressed and soluble receptors. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 206 (1994) 295-298
142. Le P.T., Lazorick S., Whichard L.P., Yang Y.C., Clark S.C., Haynes B.F., and Singer K.H. Human thymic epithelial cells produce IL-6, granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, and leukemia inhibitory factor. J. Immunol. 145 (1990) 3310-3315
143. Leary A.G., Wong G.G., Clark S.C., Smith A.G., and Ogawa M. Leukemia inhibitory factor differentiation-inhibiting activity/human interleukin for DA cells augments proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 75 (1990) 1960-1964
144. Lecron J.C., Roblot P., Chevalier S., Morel F., Alderman E., Gombert J., and Gascan H. High circulating leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in patients with giant cell arteritis: independent regulation of LIF and IL-6 under corticosteroid therapy. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 92 (1993) 23-26
145. Liebermann D.A., and Hoffman-Liebermann B. Proto-oncogene expression and dissection of the myeloid growth to differentiation developmental cascade. Oncogene 4 (1989) 583-592
146. Lin L.F., Mismer D., Lile J.D., Armes L.G., Butler E.3., Vannice J.L., and Collins F. Purification, cloning, and expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Science 246 (1989) 1023-1025
147. Lipton J.H., and Sachs L. Characterization of macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing proteins for normal and leukemic myeloid cells produced by the Krebs ascites tumor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 673 (1981) 552-569
148. Lord K.A., Abdollahi A., Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Dissection of the immediate early response of myeloid leukemia cells to terminal differentiation and growth inhibitory stimuli. Cell Growth Diff. 1 (1990) 637-645
149. Lord K.A., Abdollahi A., Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Proto-oncogenes of the fos/jun family of transcription factors are positive regulators of myeloid differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 841-851
150. Lord K.A., Abdollahi A., Thomas S.M., DeMarco M., Brugge J.S., Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 trigger the same immediate early response, including tyrosine phosphorylation, upon induction of myeloid leukemia differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (1991) 4371-4379
151. Lord K.A., Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Complexity of the immediate early response of myeloid cells to terminal differentiation and growth arrest includes ICAM-1, Jun-B and histone variants. Oncogene 5 (1990) 387-396
152. Lord K.A., Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding MyD88, a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by IL6. Oncogene 5 (1990) 1095-1097
153. Lord K.A., Hoffman-Liebermann B., and Liebermann D.A. Sequence of MyD116 cDNA: a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by IL6. Nucl. Acids Res. 18 (1990) 2823
154. Lotem J., and Sachs L. Control of Fc and C3 receptors on myeloid leukemic cells. J. Immunol. 117 (1976) 580-586
155. Lotem J., and Sachs L. Regulation of leukaemic cells by interleukin 6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor. Ciba Found. Symp. 167 (1992) 80-88
156. Lotem J., Shabo Y., and Sachs L. Clonal variation in susceptibility to differentiation by different protein inducers in the myeloid leukemia cell line M1. Leukemia 3 (1989) 804-807
157. Lotz M., Moats T., and Villiger P.M. Leukemia inhibitory factor is expressed in cartilage and synovium and can contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 90 (1992) 888-896
158. Lowe D.G., Nunes W., Bombara M., McCabe S., Ranges G.E., Henzel W., Tomida M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., Hozumi M., and Goeddel D.V. Genomic cloning and heterologous expression of human differentiation-stimulating factor. DNA 8 (1989) 351-359
159. Ludlam W.H., and Kessler J.A. Leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor regulate expression of muscarinic receptors in cultured sympathetic neurons. Dev. Biol. 155 (1993) 497-506
160. Ludlam W.H., Zang Z., McCarson K.E., Krause J.E., Spray D.C., and Kessler J.A. mRNAs encoding muscarinic and substance P receptors in cultured sympathetic neurons are differentially regulated by LIF or CNTF. Dev. Biol. 164 (1994) 528-539
161. Lutticken C., Wegenka U.M., Yuan J., Buschmann J., Schindler C., Ziemiecki A., Harpur A.G., Wilks A.F., Yasukawa K., Taga T., Kishimoto T., Barbieri G., Pellegrini S., Sendtner M., Heinrich P.C., and Horn F. Association of transcription factor APRF and protein kinase Jak1 with the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130. Science 263 (1994) 89-92
162. Maekawa T., and Metcalf D. Clonal suppression of HL60 and U937 cells by recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in combination with GM-CSF or G-CSF. Leukemia 3 (1989) 270-276
163. Maekawa T., Metcalf D., and Gearing D.P. Enhanced suppression of human myeloid leukemic cell lines by combinations of IL-6, LIF, GM-CSF and G-CSF. Int. J. Canc. 45 (1990) 353-358
164. Magnuson T., Epstein C.J., Silver L.M., and Martin G.R. Pluripotent embryonic stem cell lines can be derived from tw5/tw5 blastocysts. Nature 298 (1982) 750-753
165. Marinkovic S., Jahreis G.P., Wong G.G., and Baumann H. IL-6 modulates the synthesis of a specific set of acute phase plasma proteins in vivo. J. Immunol. 142 (1989) 808-812
166. Marshall M.K., Doerrler W., Feingold K.R., and Grunfeld C. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces changes in lipid metabolism in cultured adipocytes. Endocrinology 135 (1994) 141-147
167. Martin G.R. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 7634-7638
168. Marusic A., Kalinowski J.F., Jastrzebski S., and Lorenzo J.A. Production of leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA and protein by malignant and immortalized bone cells. J. Bone. Min. Res. 8 (1993) 617-624
169. Matsuda T., and Hirano T. Association of p72 tyrosine kinase with Stat factors and its activation by interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood 83 (1994) 3457-3461
170. Matsuda T., Takahashitezu M., Fukada T., Okuyama Y., Fujitani Y., Tsukada S., Mare H., Hirai H., Witte O.N., and Hirano T. Association and activation of Btk and Tec tyrosine kinases by gp130, a signal transducer of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. Blood 85 (1995) 627-633
171. Matsui Y., Zsebo K., and Hogan B.L. Derivation of pluripotential embryonic stem cells from murine primordial germ cells in culture. Cell 70 (1992) 841-847
172. Mereau A., Grey L., Piquet-Pellorce C., and Heath J.K. Characterization of a binding protein for leukemia inhibitory factor localized in extracellular matrix. J. Cell Biol. 122 (1993) 713-719
173. Metcalf D. Actions and interactions of G-CSF, LIF, and IL-6 on normal and leukemic murine cells. Leukemia 3 (1989) 349-355
174. Metcalf D. The induction and inhibition of differentiation in normal and leukemic cells, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. (London) Series B 327 (1990) 99-109
175. Metcalf D. The cellular basis for enhancement interactions between stem cell factor and the colony stimulating factor. Stem Cells 2 (1993) 1-11
176. Metcalf D., and Gearing D.P. Fatal syndrome in mice engrafted with cells producing high levels of the leukemia inhibitory factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 5948-5952
177. Metcalf D., and Gearing D.P. A myelosclerotic syndrome in mice engrafted with cells producing high levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Leukemia 3 (1989) 847-852
178. Metcalf D., Hilton D., and Nicola N.A. Leukemia inhibitory factor can potentiate murine megakaryocyte production in vitro. Blood 77 (1991) 2150-2153
179. Metcalf D., Hilton D.J., and Nicola N.A. Clonal analysis of the actions of the murine leukemia inhibitory factor on leukemic and normal murine hemopoietic cells. Leukemia 2 (1988) 216-221
180. Metcalf D., and Nicola N.A. Autoinduction of differentiation in WEHI-3B leukemia cells. Int. J. Canc. 30 (1982) 773-780
181. Metcalf D., Nicola N.A., and Gearing D.P. Effects of injected leukemia inhibitory factor on hematopoietic and other tissues in mice. Blood 76 (1990) 50-56
182. Mezzasoma L., Biondi R., Benedetti C., Floridi C., Ciurnelli R., Falcinelli F., Onorato M., Scaringi L., Marconi P., and Rossi R. In vitro production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) by Hep G2 hepatoblastoma cells. J. Biol. Reg. Homeost. Agents 7 (1993) 126-132
183. Michikawa M., Kikuchi S., and Kim S.U. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mediated increase of choline acetyltransferase activity in mouse spinal cord neurons in culture. Neurosci. Lett. 140 (1992) 75-77
184. Miles S.A., Martinez-Maza O., Rezai A., Magpantay L., Kishimoto T., Nakamura S., Radka S.F., and Linsley P.S. Oncostatin M as a potent mitogen for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells. Science 255 (1992) 1432-1434
185. Miles S.A., Rezai A.R., Salazar-Gonzalez J.F., Vander Meyden M., Stevens R.H., Logan D.M., Mitsuyasu R.T., Taga T., Hirano T., Kishimoto T., and Martinez-Maza O. AIDS Kaposi sarcoma-derived cells produce and respond to interleukin 6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 4068-4072
186. Mintz B., and Illmensee K. Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72 (1975) 3585-3589
187. Moran C.S., Campbell J.H., Simmons D.L., and Campbell G.R. Human leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits development of experimental atherosclerosis. Arterio. Thromb. 14 (1994) 1356-1363
188. Moreau J.F., Bonneville M., Peyrat M.A., Jacques Y., and Soulillou J.P. Capacity of alloreactive human T clones to produce factor(s) inducing proliferation of the IL3-dependent DA-1 murine cell line. I. Evidence that this production is under IL2 control. Ann. Inst. Pasteur Immunol. 1 (1986) 25-37
189. Moreau J.F., Bonneville M., Godard A., Gascan H., Gruart V., Moore M.A., and Soulillou J.P. Characterization of a factor produced by human T cell clones exhibiting eosinophil-activating and burst-promoting activities. J. Immunol. 138 (1987) 3844-3849
190. Moreau J.F., Donaldson D.D., Bennett F., Witek-Giannotti J., Clark S.C., and Wong G.G. Leukaemia inhibitory factor is identical to the myeloid growth factor human interleukin for DA cells. Nature 336 (1988) 690-692
191. Mori M., Yamaguchi K., and Abe K. Purification of a lipoprotein lipase-inhibiting protein produced by a melanoma cell line associated with cancer cachexia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 160 (1989) 1085-1092
192. Mori M., Yamaguchi K., Honda S., Nagasaki K., Ueda M., Abe O., and Abe K. Cancer cachexia syndrome developed in nude mice bearing melanoma cells producing leukemia-inhibitory factor. Canc. Res. 51 (1991) 6656-6659
193. Murakami M., Narazaki M., Hibi M., Yawata H., Yasukawa K., Hamaguchi M., Taga T., and Kishimoto T. Critical cytoplasmic region of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130 is conserved in the cytokine receptor family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 11349-11353
194. Murakami M., Hibi M., Nakagawa N., Nakagawa T., Yasukawa K., Yamanishi K., Taga T., and Kishimoto T. IL-6-induced homodimerization of gp130 and associated activation of a tyrosine kinase. Science 260 (1993) 1808-1810
195. Murphy M., Reid K., Brown M.A., and Bartlett P.F. Involvement of leukemia inhibitory factor and nerve growth factor in the development of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Development 117 (1993) 1173-1182
196. Musashi M., Yang Y.C., Paul S.R., Clark S.C., Sudo T., and Ogawa M. Direct and synergistic effects of interleukin 11 on murine hemopoiesis in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 765-769
197. Nagy A., Gocza E., Diaz E.M., Prideaux V.R., Ivanyi E., Markkula M., and Rossant J. Embryonic stem cells alone are able to support fetal development in the mouse. Development 110 (1990) 815-821
198. Nair B.C., DeVico A.L., Nakamura S., Copeland T.D., Chen Y., Patel A., O'Neil T., Oroszlan S., Gallo R.C., and Sarngadharan M.G. Identification of a major growth factor for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma cells as oncostatin M. Science 255 (1992) 1430-1432
199. Nakajima T., Kinoshita S., Sasagawa T., Sasaki K., Naruto M., Kishimoto T., and Akira S. Phosphorylation at threonine-235 by a ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is essential for transcription factor NF-IL6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 2207-2211
200. Narazaki M., Witthuhn B.A., Yoshida K., Silvennoinen O., Yasukawa K., Ihle J.N., Kishimoto T., and Taga T. Activation of JAK2 kinase mediated by the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 2285-2289
201. Nawa H., Nakanishi S., and Patterson P.H. Recombinant cholinergic differentiation factor (leukemia inhibitory factor) regulates sympathetic neuron phenotype by alterations in the size and amounts of neuropeptide mRNAs. J. Neurochem. 56 (1991) 2147-2150
202. Nichols J., Evans E.P., and Smith A.G. Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. Development 110 (1990) 1341-1348
203. Nicola N.A., Cross B., and Simpson R.J. The disulfide bond arrangement of leukemia inhibitory factor: Homology to oncostatin M and structural implications. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 190 (1993) 20-26
204. Nishimoto N., Ogata A., Shima Y., Tani Y., Ogawa H., Nakagawa M., Sugiyama H., Yoshizaki K., and Kishimoto T. Oncostatin M, leukemia inhibitory factor, and interleukin 6 induce the proliferation of human plasmacytoma cells via the common signal transducer, gp130. J. Exp. Med. 179 (1994) 1343-1347
205. Noda M., Vogel R.L., Hasson D.M., and Rodan G.A. Leukemia inhibitory factor suppresses proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and type I collagen messenger ribonucleic acid level and enhances osteopontin mRNA level in murine osteoblast-like (MC3T3E1) cells. Endocrin. 127 (1990) 185-190
206. Ogawa M., and Clark S.C. Synergistic interaction between interleukin-6 and interleukin-3 in support of stem cell proliferation in culture. Blood Cells 14 (1988) 329-337
207. Oh Y.J., and O'Malley K.L. IL-6 increases choline acetyltransferase but not neuropeptide transcripts in sympathetic neurons. Neuroreport 5 (1994) 937-940
208. Owczarek C.M., Layton M.J., Metcalf D., Lock P., Willson T.A., Gough N.M., and Nicola N.A. Inter-species chimeras of leukaemia inhibitory factor define a major human receptor-binding determinant. EMBO J. 12 (1993) 3487-3495
209. Panayotatos N., Everdeen D., Liten A., Somogyi R., and Acheson A. Recombinant human CNTF receptor alpha: Production, binding stoichiometry, and characterization of its activity as a diffusible factor. Biochem. 33 (1994) 5813-5818
210. Papaioannou V.E., Gardner R.L., McBurney M.W., Babinet C., and Evans M.J. Participation of cultured teratocarcinoma cells in mouse embryogenesis. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 44 (1978) 93-104
211. Papaioannou V.E., Evans E.P., Gardner R.L., and Graham C.F. Growth and differentiation of an embryonal carcinoma cell line (C145b). J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 54 (1979) 277-295
212. Patterson P.H. Leukemia inhibitory factor, a cytokine at the interface between neurobiology and immunology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 7833-7835
213. Patterson P.H., and Chun L.L. The influence of non-neuronal cells on catecholamine and acetylcholine synthesis and accumulation in cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71 (1974) 3607-3610
214. Patterson P.H., and Chun L.L. The induction of acetylcholine synthesis in primary cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons. I. Effects of conditioned medium. Dev. Biol. 56 (1977) 263-280
215. Patterson P.H., and Chun L.L. The induction of acetylcholine synthesis in primary cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons. II. Developmental aspects. Dev. Biol. 60 (1977) 473-481
216. Patterson P.H., Chun L.L., and Reichardt L.F. The role of non-neuronal cells in the development of sympathetically derived neurons. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 15 (1977) 95-103
217. Patterson P.H., and Fann M.J. Further studies of the distribution of CDF/LIF mRNA. Ciba Found. Symp. 167 (1992) 125-135
218. Paul S.R., Bennett F., Calvetti J.A., Kelleher K., Wood C.R., O'Hara Jr. R., Leary A.C., Sibley B., Clark S.C., Williams D.A., and Yang Y.-C. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding interleukin 11, a stromal cell-derived lymphopoietic and hematopoietic cytokine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 7512-7516
219. Pease S., Braghetta P., Gearing D., Grail D., and Williams R.L. Isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in media supplemented with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Dev. Biol. 141 (1990) 344-352
220. Pease S., and Williams R.L. Formation of germ-line chimeras from embryonic stem cells maintained with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor. Exp. Cell Res. 190 (1990) 209-211
221. Pennica D., King K.L., Shaw K.J., Luis E., Rullamas J., Luoh S.-M., Darbonne W.C., Knutzon D.S., Yen R., Chien K.R., Baker J.B., and Wood W.I. Expression cloning of cardiotrophin 1, a cytokine that induces myocyte hypertrophy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 1142-1146
222. Pesce M., Farrace M.G., Piacentini M., Dolci S., and De Felici M. Stem cell factor and leukemia inhibitory factor promote primordial germ cell survival by suppressing programmed cell death (apoptosis). Development 118 (1993) 1089-1094
223. Piquet-Pellorce C., Grey L., Mereau A., and Heath J.K. Are LIF and related cytokines functionally equivalent?. Exp. Cell Res. 213 (1994) 340-347
224. Prowse K.R., and Baumann H. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 stimulate acute-phase protein production in primary mouse hepatocytes. J. Leuk. Biol. 45 (1989) 55-61
225. Pruitt S.C. Primitive streak mesoderm-like cell lines expressing Pax-3 and Hox gene autoinducing activities. Development 120 (1994) 37-47
226. Pruitt S.C., and Natoli T.A. Inhibition of differentiation by leukemia inhibitory factor distinguishes two induction pathways in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Differentiation 50 (1992) 57-65
227. Qiu L., Bernd P., and Fukada K. Cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor (CDF)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) binds to specific regions of the developing nervous system in vivo. Dev. Biol. 163 (1994) 516-520
228. Rao M.S., Symes A., Malik N., Shoyab M., Fink J.S., and Landis S.C. Oncostatin M regulates VIP expression in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Neuroreport 3 (1992) 865-868
229. Rao M.S., Sun Y., Escary J.L., Perreau J., Tresser S., Patterson P.H., Zigmond R.E., Brulet P., and Landis S.C. Leukemia inhibitory factor mediates an injury response but not a target-directed developmental transmitter switch in sympathetic neurons. Neuron 11 (1993) 1175-1185
230. Rathjen P.D., Toth S., Willis A., Heath J.K., and Smith A.G. Differentiation inhibiting activity is produced in matrix-associated and diffusible forms that are generated by alternate promoter usage. Cell 62 (1990) 1105-1114
231. Reid L.R., Lowe C., Cornish J., Skinner S.J., Hilton D.J., Willson T.A., Gearing D.P., and Martin T.J. Leukemia inhibitory factor: A novel bone-active cytokine. Endocrinology 126 (1990) 1416-1420
232. Richards C.D., Shoyab M., Brown T.J., and Gauldie J. Selective regulation of metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-1) by oncostatin M in fibroblasts in culture. J. Immunol. 150 (1993) 5596-5603
233. Robertson E.J. Using embryonic stem cells to introduce mutations into the mouse germ line. Biol. Reprod. 44 (1991) 238-245
234. Robinson R.C., Grey L.M., Staunton D., Vankelecom H., Vernallis A.B., Moreau J.F., Stuart D.I., Heath J.K., and Jones E.Y. The crystal structure and biological function of leukemia inhibitory factor: Implications for receptor binding. Cell 77 (1994) 1101-1116
235. Rodan S.B., Wesolowski G., Hilton D.J., Nicola N.A., and Rodan G.A. Leukemia inhibitory factor binds with high affinity to preosteoblastic RCT-1 cells and potentiates the retinoic acid induction of alkaline phosphatase. Endocrinology 127 (1990) 1602-1608
236. Rose T.M., and Bruce A.G. Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 8641-8645
237. Rose T.M., Weiford D.M., Gunderson N.L., and Bruce A.G. Oncostatin M (OSM) inhibits the differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells in vitro. Cytokine 6 (1994) 48-54
238. Rossant J. Investigation of the determinative state of the mouse inner cell mass. I. Aggregation of isolated inner cell masses with morulae. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 33 (1975) 979-990
239. Rossant J. Investigation of the determinative state of the mouse inner cell mass. II. The fate of isolated inner cell masses transferred to the oviduct. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 33 (1975) 991-1001
240. Rossant J. Investigation of inner cell mass determination by aggregation of isolated rat inner cell masses with mouse morulae. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 36 (1976) 163-174
241. Russell E.S. Hereditary anemias of the mouse: a review for geneticists. Advances in Genetics 20 (1979) 357-459
242. Schaafsma M.R., Falkenburg J.H., Duinkerken N., Moreau J.F., Soulillou J.P., Willemze R., and Fibbe W.E. Human interleukin for DA cells (HILDA) does not affect the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in human long-term bone marrow cultures. Exp. Hematol. 20 (1992) 6-10
243. Schooltink H., Stoyan T., Roeb E., Heinrich P.C., and Rose-John S. Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces acute-phase protein expression in hepatocytes. FEBS Lett. 314 (1992) 280-284
244. Schwartzberg P.L., Goff S.P., and Robertson E.J. Germ-line transmission of a c-abl mutation produced by targeted gene disruption in ES cells. Science 246 (1989) 799-803
245. Selvakumaran M., Liebermann D.A., and Hoffman-Liebermann B. Deregulated c-myb disrupts interleukin-6- or leukemia inhibitory factor-induced myeloid differentiation prior to c-myc: role in leukemogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992) 2493-2500
246. Shabo Y., Lotem J., Rubinstein M., Revel M., Clark S.C., Wolf S.F., Kamen R., and Sachs L. The myeloid blood cell differentiation-inducing protein MGI-2A is interleukin-6. Blood 72 (1988) 2070-2073
247. Shadiack A.M., Hart R.P., Carlson C.D., and Jonakait G.M. Interleukin-1 induces substance P in sympathetic ganglia through the induction of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). J. Neurosci. 13 (1993) 2601-2609
248. Shapiro L., Panayotatos N., Meydani S.N., Wu D., and Dinarello C.A. Ciliary neurotrophic factor combined with soluble receptor inhibits synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin-E2 in vitro. Exp. Cell Res. 215 (1994) 51-56
249. Shen M.M., Skoda R.C., Cardiff R.D., Campos-Torres J., Leder P., and Ornitz D.M. Expression of LIF in transgenic mice results in altered thymic epithelium and apparent interconversion of thymic and lymph node morphologies. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 1375-1385
250. Shinar D., Yoffe O., Shani M., and Yaffe D. Regulated expression of muscle-specific genes introduced into mouse embryonal stem cells: inverse correlation with DNA methylation. Differentiation 41 (1989) 116-126
251. Smith A.G., Heath J.K., Donaldson D.D., Wong G.G., Moreau J., Stahl M., and Rogers D. Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides. Nature 336 (1988) 688-690
252. Smith A.G., and Hooper M.L. Buffalo rat liver cells produce a diffusible activity which inhibits the differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Dev. Biol. 121 (1987) 1-9
253. Stahl J., and Gough N.M. Delineation of positive and negative control elements within the promoter region of the murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene. Cytokine 5 (1993) 386-393
254. Stahl J., Gearing D.P., Willson T.A., Brown M.A., King J.A., and Gough N.M. Structural organization of the genes for murine and human leukemia inhibitory factor. Evolutionary conservation of coding and non-coding regions. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 8833-8841
255. Stahl N., Davis S., Wong V., Taga T., Kishimoto T., Ip N.Y., and Yancopoulos G.D. Cross-linking identifies leukemia inhibitory factor-binding protein as a ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor component. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 7628-7631
256. Stahl N., Boulton T.G., Farruggella T., Ip N.Y., Davis S., Witthuhn B.A., Quelle F.W., Silvennoinen O., Barbieri G., Pellegrini S., Ihle J.N., and Yahcopoulos G.D. Association and activation of Jak-Tyk kinases by CNTF-LIF-OSM-IL-6 beta receptor components. Science 263 (1994) 92-95
257. Standke G.J., Meier V.S., and Groner B. Mammary gland factor activated by prolactin on mammary epithelial cells and acute-phase response factor activated by interleukin-6 in liver cells share DNA binding and transactivation potential. Mol. Endocrinol. 8 (1994) 469-477
258. Stewart C.L. Formation of viable chimaeras by aggregation between teratocarcinomas and preimplantation mouse embryos. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 67 (1982) 167-179
259. Stewart C.L., Kaspar P., Brunet L.J., Bhatt H., Gadi I., Kontgen F., and Abbondanzo S.J. Blastocyst implantation depends on maternal expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor. Nature 359 (1992) 76-79
260. Stewart C.L., Vanek M., and Wagner E.F. Expression of foreign genes from retroviral vectors in mouse teratocarcinoma chimaeras. EMBO J 4 (1985) 3701-3709
261. Stewart T.A., and Mintz B. Successive generations of mice produced from an established culture line of euploid teratocarcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 6314-6318
262. Stewart T.A., and Mintz B. Recurrent germ-line transmission of the teratocarcinoma genome from the METT-1 culture line to progeny in vivo. J. of Exp. Zool. 224 (1982) 465-469
263. Strauss W.M., Dausman J., Beard C., Johnson C., Lawrence J.B., and Jaenisch R. Germ line transmission of a yeast artificial chromosome spanning the murine alpha 1(I) collagen locus. Science 259 (1993) 1904-1907
264. Sun Y., Rao M.S., Zigmond R.E., and Landis S.C. Regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide expression in sympathetic neurons in culture and after axotomy: the role of cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor. J. Neurobiol. 25 (1994) 415-430
265. Sutherland G.R., Baker E., Hyland V.J., Callen D.F., Stahl J., and Gough N.M. The gene for human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) maps to 22q12. Leukemia 3 (1989) 9-13
266. Taga T., Hibi M., Hirata Y., Yamasaki K., Yasukawa K., Matsuda T., Hirano T., and Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130. Cell 58 (1989) 573-581
267. Takagi N. Variable X chromosome inactivation patterns in near-tetraploid murine EC x somatic cell hybrid cells differentiated in vitro. Genetica 88 (1993) 107-117
268. Tanaka T., Akira S., Yoshida K., Umemoto M., Yoneda Y., Shirafuji N., Fujiwana H., Suematsu S., Yoshida N., and Kishimoto T. Targetted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacterial killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages. Cell 80 (1995) 353-361
269. Tanaka R., Koike K., Imai T., Shiohara M., Kubo T., Amano Y., Komiyama A., and Nakahata T. Stem cell factor enhances proliferation, but not maturation, of murine megakaryocytic progenitors in serum-free culture. Blood 80 (1992) 1743-1749
270. Tanigawa T., Elwood N., Metcalf D., Cary D., DeLuca E., Nicola N.A., and Begley C.G. The SCL gene product is regulated by and differentially regulates cytokine responses during myeloid leukemic cell differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 7864-7868
271. Taupin J.L., Morel D., Moreau J.F., Gualde N., Potaux L., and Bezian J.H. HILDA/LIF urinary excretion during acute kidney rejection. Transplantation 53 (1992) 655-658
272. Thaler C.D., Suhr L., Ip N., and Katz D.M. Leukemia inhibitory factor and neurotrophins support overlapping populations of rat nodose sensory neurons in culture. Dev. Biol. 161 (1994) 338-344
273. Thoma B., Bird T.A., Friend D.J., Gearing D.P., and Dower S.K. Oncostatin M and leukemia inhibitory factor trigger overlapping and different signals through partially shared receptor complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 6215-6222
274. Thomas K.R., and Capecchi M.R. Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell 51 (1987) 503-512
275. Thompson S., Clarke A.R., Pow A.M., Hooper M.L., and Melton D.W. Germ line transmission and expression of a corrected HPRT gene produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Cell 56 (1989) 313-321
276. Tomida M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., and Hozumi M. Purification of a factor inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells from conditioned medium of mouse fibroblast L929 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 10978-10982
277. Tomida M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., and Hozumi M. Three different cDNAs encoding mouse D-factor/LIF receptor. J. Biochem. 115 (1994) 557-562
278. Tomida M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., Hozumi M., Okabe T., and Takaku F. Induction by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells. Febs Lett. 207 (1986) 271-275
279. Tracey K.J., and Cerami A. Tumor necrosis factor, other cytokines and disease. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 9 (1993) 317-343
280. Tracey K., and Cerami A. Tumor necrosis factor: A pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target. Ann. Rev. Med. 45 (1994) 491-503
281. Tsuji K., Zsebo K.M., and Ogawa M. Enhancement of murine blast cell colony formation in culture by recombinant rat stem cell factor, ligand for c-kit. Blood 78 (1991) 1223-1229
282. Ure D.R., and Campenot R.B. Leukemia inhibitory factor and nerve growth factor are retrogradely transported and processed by cultured rat sympathetic neurons. Dev. Biol. 162 (1994) 339-347
283. Ure D.R., Campenot R.B., and Acheson A. Cholinergic differentiation of rat sympathetic neurons in culture: Effects of factors applied to distal neurites. Dev. Biol. 154 (1992) 388-395
284. Van Beek E., Van der Wee-Pals L., van de Ruit M., Nijweide P., Papapoulos S., and Lowik C. Leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits osteoclastic resorption, growth, mineralization, and alkaline phosphatase activity in fetal mouse metacarpal bones in culture. J. Bone. Min. Res. 8 (1993) 191-198
285. Van Damme J., Uyttenhove C., Houssiau F., Put W., Proost P., and Van Snick J. Human growth factor for murine interleukin (IL)-9 responsive T cell lines: Co-induction with IL-6 in fibroblasts and identification as LIF/HILDA. European J. Immunol. 22 (1992) 2801-2808
286. Verfaillie C., and McGlave P. Leukemia inhibitory factor/human interleukin for DA cells: A growth factor that stimulates the in vitro development of multipotential human hematopoietic progenitors. Blood 77 (1991) 263-270
287. Waring P., Wall D., Dauer R., Parkin D., and Metcalf D. The effects of leukaemia inhibitory factor on platelet function. Br. J. Haemat. 83 (1993) 80-87
288. Waring P., Wycherley K., Cary D., Nicola N., and Metcalf D. Leukemia inhibitory factor levels are elevated in septic shock and various inflammatory body fluids. J. Clin. Invest. 90 (1992) 2031-2037
289. Waring P.M., Carroll G.J., Kandiah D.A., Buirski G., and Metcalf D. Increased levels of leukemia inhibitory factor in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. Arth. Rheum. 36 (1993) 911-915
290. Waring P.M., Waring L.J., Billington T., and Metcalf D. Leukemia inhibitory factor protects against experimental lethal Escherichia coli septic shock in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 1337-1341
291. Warren M.K., Conroy L.B., and Rose J.S. The role of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 in megakaryocyte development. Exp. Hemat. 17 (1989) 1095-1099
292. Wegenka U.M., Buschmann J., Lutticken C., Heinrich P.C., and Horn F. Acute-phase response factor, a nuclear factor binding to acute-phase response elements, is rapidly activated by interleukin-6 at the posttranslational level. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 276-288
293. Wegenka U.M., Lutticken C., Buschmann J., Yuan J., Lottspeich F., Muller-Esterl W., Schindler C., Roeb E., Heinrich P.C., and Horn F. The interleukin-6-activated acute-phase response factor is antigenically and functionally related to members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 3186-3196
294. Wesselingh S.L., Levine B., Fox R.J., Choi S., and Griffin D.E. Intracerebral cytokine mRNA expression during fatal and nonfatal alphavirus encephalitis suggests a predominant type 2 T cell response. J. Immunol. 152 (1994) 1289-1297
295. Wetzler M., Talpaz M., Lowe D.G., Baiocchi G., Gutterman J.U., and Kurzrock R. Constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor RNA by human bone marrow stromal cells and modulation by IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta. Exp. Hematol. 19 (1991) 347-351
296. Wilks A.F., and Harpur A.G. Cytokine signal transduction and the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases. Bioessays 16 (1994) 313-320
297. Williams N., Bertoncello I., Jackson H., Arnold J., and Kavnoudias H. The role of interleukin 6 in megakaryocyte formation, megakaryocyte development and platelet production. Ciba Found. Symp. 167 (1992) 160-170
298. Williams R.L., Hilton D.J., Pease S., Willson T.A., Stewart C.L., Gearing D.P., Wagner E.F., Metcalf D., Nicola N.A., and Gough N.M. Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Nature 336 (1988) 684-687
299. Willson T.A., Metcalf D., and Gough N.M. Cross-species comparision of the sequence of the leukemia inhibitory factor gene and its protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 204 (1992) 21-30
300. Wolf E., Kramer R., Polejaeva I., Thoenen H., and Brem G. Efficient generation of chimaeric mice using embryonic stem cells after long-term culture in the presence of ciliary neurotrophic factor. Transgenic Res. 3 (1994) 152-158
301. Yamaguchi-Yamamoto Y., Tomida M., and Hozumi M. Pregnancy associated increase in differentiation-stimulating factor (D-factor)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-binding substance(s) in mouse serum. Leuk. Res. 17 (1993) 515-522
302. Yamamori T. Localization of cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA in the rat brain and peripheral tissues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 7298-7302
303. Yamamori T., Fukada K., Aebersold R., Korsching S., Fann M.J., and Patterson P.H. The cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor from heart cells is identical to leukemia inhibitory factor. Science 246 (1989) 1412-1416
304. Yamamoto K., Quelle F.W., Thierfelder W.E., Kreider B.L., Gilbert D.J., Jenkins N.A., Copeland N.G., Silvennoinen O., and Ihle J.N. Stat4, a novel gamma interferon activation site-binding protein expressed in early myeloid differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 4342-4349
305. Yamamoto Y., Tomida M., and Hozumi M. Production by mouse spleen cells of factors stimulating differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells that differ from the colony-stimulating factor. Cancer Res. 40 (1980) 4804-4809
306. Yamamoto Y., Tomida M., Hozumi M., AyUSA wa D., Seno T., and Tamura G. Effect of tunicamycin on production by mouse fibroblast L929 cells of the factor-stimulating differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells and the colony-stimulating factor. Cancer Research 41 (1981) 2534-2539
307. Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., Tomida M., and Hozumi M. Specific binding of a factor inducing differentiation to mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells. Exp. Cell Res. 164 (1986) 97-102
308. Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., Tomida M., Hozumi M., Maurer H.R., Okabe T., and Takaku F. Combined effects of differentiation-inducing factor and other cytokines on induction of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells. Japanese J. Cancer Res. 80 (1989) 115-121
309. Yang Z.M., Le S.P., Chen D.B., and Harper M.J. Temporal and spatial expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy. Mol. Repro. Dev. 38 (1994) 148-152
310. Yin T., Miyazawa K., and Yang Y.C. Characterization of interleukin-11 receptor and protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by interleukin-11 in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 8347-83451
311. Yin T., Taga T., Tsang M.L., Yasukawa K., Kishimoto T., and Yang Y.C. Involvement of IL-6 signal transducer gp130 in IL-11-mediated signal transduction. J. Immunol. 151 (1993) 2555-2561
312. Yonemura Y., Kawakita M., Masuda T., Fujimoto K., Kato K., and Takatsuki K. Synergistic effects of interleukin 3 and interleukin 11 on murine megakaryopoiesis in serum-free culture. Exp. Hematol. 20 (1992) 1011-1016
313. Yoshida K., Chambers I., Nichols J., Smith A., Saito M., Yasukawa K., Shoyab M., Taga T., and Kishimoto T. Maintenance of the pluripotential phenotype of embryonic stem cells through direct activation of gp130 signalling pathways. Mechanisms of Development 45 (1994) 163-171
314. Yuan J., Wegenka U.M., Lutticken C., Buschmann J., Decker T., Schindler C., Heinrich P.C., and Horn F. The signalling pathways of interleukin-6 and gamma interferon converge by the activation of different transcription factors which bind to common responsive DNA elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 1657-1668
315. Zhong Z., Wen Z., and Darnell Jr. J. Stat3 and Stat4: Members of the family of signal transducers and activators of transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 4806-4810
316. Zhong Z., Wen Z., and Z Darnell Jr. J. Stat3: A STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6. Science 264 (1994) 95-98
317. Zimmer A., and Gruss P. Production of chimaeric mice containing embryonic stem (ES) cells carrying a homoeobox Hox 1.1 allele mutated by homologous recombination. Nature 338 (1989) 150-153
318. Zurn A.D., and Werren F. Development of CSN cholinergic neurons in vitro: Selective effects of CNTF and LIF on neurons from mesencephalic cranial motor nuclei. Dev. Biol. 163 (1994) 309-315