The Baltic Sea ice biota (March 1994): A study of the protistan community

European Journal of Protistology

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 229-243

  Ikävalko, Johanna ^a,b,d   Thomsen, Helge Abildhauge ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b FINNISH INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cryothecomonas; Ice Biota; Ice colouration; Protists; The Baltic Sea

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; BACILLARIOPHYTA; CELLULAR ORGANISMS; CHLOROPHYCEAE; CHLOROPHYTA; CHOANOFLAGELLIDA; CHRYSOPHYCEAE; CRYOTHECOMONAS; DINOPHYCEAE; MASTIGOPHORA (FLAGELLATES); MONORAPHIDIUM CONTORTUM; NAVICULA PELAGICA; POLYTOMELLA; PROTISTA;

EID: 1842366064     PISSN: 09324739     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0932-4739(97)80001-6     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Ackley S. F. (1982): Ice scavenging and nucleation: two mechanisms for the incorporation of algae into newly forming sea ice. EOS 63, 65.
2. Ackley S. F., Dieckmann G. S., and Shen H. T. (1987): Algal and foram incorporation into new sea ice. EOS 68, 1736.
3. Azam F., Fenchel T., Field J. G., Gray J. S., Meyer-Reil L. A., and Thingstad F. (1983): The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10, 257-263.
4. Buck K. R. and Garrison D. L. (1988): Distribution and abundance of choanoflagellates (Acanthoecidae) across the ice-edge zone in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Mar. Biol. 98, 263-269.
5. Buma A., Estrada M., Larsen J., Riebesell U., Schloss I., and Thomsen H. A. (1989): Unicellular organisms studied alive using photographic and video techniques. Ber. Polarf. 65, 102-110.
6. Buma A., Gieskes W. W. C., and Thomsen H. A. (1992): Abundance of Cryptophyceae and other chlorophyll b-containing organisms in the Weddell-Scotia area in the spring of 1988. Polar Biol. 12, 43-52.
7. Christensen T. (1980): Algae. A taxonomic survey. Fasc. 1. AiO Print Ltd., Odense.
8. Christensen T. (1994): Algae. A taxonomic survey. Fasc. 2. AiO Print Ltd., Odense.
9. Daugbjerg N. and Moestrup Ø. (1994): Four new species of Pyramimonas (Prasinophyceae) from Arctic Canada including a light and electron microscopical description of Pyramimonas quadrifolia sp. nov. Eur. J. Phycol. 28, 3-16.
10. Daugbjerg N. and Vørs N. (1994): Preliminary results from a small scale survey of marine protists from northern Foxe basin in the vicinity of Igloolik Island June 1992. In: Søeborg B., Jensen D., Schumann H., Steffensen J. F., Curtis M. A., Vørs N., Daugbjerg N., and Bushnell P. (eds.): Research on Arctic biology, Igloolik, Northwest Territories, Canaca, pp. 1-46. HCØ Tryk, Copenhagen.
11. Davidson A. T. and Marchant H. J. (1992): Protist interactions and carbon dynamics of a Phaeocystis-dominated bloom at an Antarctic coastal site. Polar Biol. 12, 387-395.
12. Dickie G. (1852): Notes on the algae. In: Sutherland P. C. (ed.): Journal of a voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits, in the years 1850-51, performed by H. M. ships "Lady Franklin" and "Sophia", under the command of Mr. William Penny, in search of the missing crews of H. M. ships "Erebus" and "Terror", vol. 2. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London.
13. Dickie G. (1880): On the algae found during the Arctic expedition. J. Linn. Soc. London Bot. 7 (6).
14. Dieckmann G. S., Rohardt G., Hellmer H., and Kipfstuhl J. (1986): The occurrence of ice platelets at 250 m depth near the Filchner Ice Shelf and its significance for sea ice biology. Deep-Sea Res. 3, 141-148.
15. Ehrenberg C. G. (1841): Einen Nachtrag zu dem Vortrage über Verbreitung und Einfluss des mikroskopischen Lebens in Süd-und Nord-Amerika. Akad. Wiss. Berlin Monatsber. 1841, 202-207.
16. Ehrenberg C. G. (1853): Über neue Anschauungen des kleinsten nördlichen Polarlebens. Akad. Wiss. Berlin Monatsber. 522.
17. Garrison D. L. (1991): Antarctic sea ice biota. Amer. Zool. 31, 17-33.
18. Garrison D. L., Ackley S. F., and Buck K. R. (1983): A physical mechanism for establishing algal populations in the frazil ice. Nature 306, 363-365.
19. Garrison D. L. and Buck K. R. (1989): The biota of Antarctic pack ice in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic Peninsula regions. Polar Biol. 10, 211-219.
20. Garrison D. L., Close A. R., and Reimnitz E. (1989): Algae concentrated by frazil ice: evidence from laboratory experiments and field measurements. Antarctic Science 1, 313-316.
21. Gulliksaen B. and Lønne O. J. (1989): Distribution, abundance and ecological importance of marine sympagic fauna in the Arctic. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 188, 133-138.
22. Gutt J. (1995): The occurrence of sub-ice algal aggregations off northeast Greenland. Polar Biol. 15, 247-252.
23. Hooker J. D. (1847): The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H. M. Discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839-1843, vol. 1. J. Kramer, Weinheim.
24. Horner R. (1985a): History of ice algal investigations. In: Horner R. (ed.): Sea ice biota, pp. 1-19. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
25. Horner R. (1985b): Ecology of sea ice microalgae. In: Horner R. (ed.): Sea ice biota, pp. 83-103. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
26. Horner R., Ackley S. F., Dieckmann G. S., Gulliksen B., Hoshiai T., Legendre L., Melnikov I. A., Reeburgh W. S., Spindler M., and Sullivan C. W. (1992): Ecology of sea ice biota. 1. Habitat, terminology, and methodology. Polar Biol. 12, 417-427.
27. Horner R., Syvertsen E. E., Thomas D. P., and Lange C. (1988): Proposed terminology and reporting units for sea ice algal assemblages. Polar Biol. 8, 249-253.
28. Hällfors G. and Niemi Å. (1974): A Chrysochromulina (Haptophyceae) bloom under the ice in the Tvärminne archipelago, southern coast of Finland. Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 50, 89-104.
29. Häyrén E: (1929): Zwei Notizen über das Meereseis und die Algen. Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 5, 134-140.
30. Ikävalko J. and Thomsen H. A. (1996): Scale-covered and loricate flagellates (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from the Baltic Sea ice. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 114, 147-160.
31. Ikävalko J., Thomsen H. A., and Carstens M. (1996): A preliminary study of NE Greenland shallow meltwater ponds with particular emphasis on loricate and scale-covered forms (Choanoflagellida, Chrysophyceae sensu lato, Synurophyceae, Heliozoca), including the descriptions of Epipyxis thamnoides sp. nov. and Pseudokephyrion poculiforme sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae). Arch. Protistenkd. 147, 29-42.
32. Kivi K. and Kuosa H. (1994): Late winter microbial communities in the western Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biol. 14, 389-399.
33. Larsen J. and Thomsen H. A. (1991): Unarmoured dinoflagellates from the Weddell and Scotia Sea. In: European "Polarstern" Study EPOS Symposium, Bremerhaven 22-27 May (1991), Book of Abstracts, p. 88. Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven.
34. Laurion I., Demers S., and Vézina A. (1995): The microbial food web associated with the ice algal assemblage: biomass and bacterivory of nanoflagellate protozoans in Resolute Passage (High Canadian Arctic). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 120, 77-87.
35. Leppäranta M. (1981): On the structure and mechanism of pack ice in the Bothnian Bay. Finnish Marine Research 248, 3-86.
36. Leppäranta M. and Manninen T. (1988): The brine and gas content of sea ice with attention to low salinities and high temperatures. Finnish Institute of Marine Research Report 1988 (2), 1-14.
37. Leppäranta M., Palosuo E., Grönvall H., Kalliosaari S., Seinä A., and Peltonen J. (1988): Phases of the ice season in the Baltic Sea (north of latitude 57° N). Finnish Marine Research 254, Suppl. 2.
38. Levander K. M. (1900): Herbst-und Winter-Plankton in finnischen Meerbusen und in der Ålands-See 1898. Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 18, 1-25.
39. Marchant H. J. (1985): Choanoflagellates in the Antarctic marine food chain. In: Siegfried W. R., Condy P. R., and Laws R. M. (eds.): Antarctic nutrient cycles and food webs, pp. 271-276. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
40. Marchant H. J., Buck K. R., Garrison D. L., and Thomsen H. A. (1989): Mantoniella in Antarctic waters including the description of M. antarctica sp. nov. (Prasinophyceae). J. Phycol. 25, 167-174.
41. Marchant H. J. and Thomsen H. A. (1994): Haptophytes in polar waters. In: Green J. C. and Leadbeater B. S. C. (eds.): The haptophyte algae, pp. 209-228. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
42. Maykut G. A. (1985): The ice environment. In: Horner R. (ed.): Sea ice biota, pp. 21-82. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
43. Melnikov I. A. (1989): Ecosystem of the Arctic sea ice. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, PP Shirshov Inst. Oceanol. Moscow.
44. Moestrup Ø. and Thomsen H. A. (1980): Preparation of shadow-cast whole mounts. In: Gantt E. (ed.): Handbook of phycological methods, vol. III, pp. 385-390. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
45. Nansen F. (1906): Protozoa from the ice-floes of the North Polar Sea. Sci. Res. Norw. N. Polar Exped. 6, 1-22.
46. Niemi Å. (1986): Algsamhällen i havsisen. Nordenskiöldsamfundets tidsskrift 46, 3-19.
47. Norrman B. and Andersson A. (1994): Development of ice biota in a temperate sea area (Gulf of Bothnia). Polar Biol. 14, 531-537.
48. Okolodkov Y. B. (1993): A checklist of algal species found in the East Siberian Sea in May 1987. Polar Biol. 13, 7-11.
49. Palmisano A. C. and Garrison D. L. (1993): Microorganisms in the Antarctic sea ice. In: Friedmann I. (ed.): Antarctic microbiology, pp. 167-218. Wiley-Liss, Inc.
50. Palosuo E. (1953): A treatise on severe ice conditions in the Central Baltic. Publications of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research 156.
51. Palosuo E. (1961): Crystal structure of brackish and freshwater ice. IASH 54, 9-14.
52. Poulin M. (1990): Ice diatoms: the Arctic. In: Medlin L. K. and Priddle J. (eds.): Polar marine diatoms, pp. 15-18. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge.
53. Syvertsen E. (1984): Morphology of the arctic, planktonic Navicula pelagica (Bacillariophyceae), with special reference to the "setae". Nord. J. Bot. 4, 725-728.
54. Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Bolt P. A., and Garrison D. L. (1991): Fine structure and biology of Cryothecomonas gen. nov. (Protista incertae sedis) from the ice biota. Can. J. Zool. 69, 1048-1070.
55. Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., and Gowing M. M. (1990): Loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoecidae, Choanoflagellida) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Zool. Scr. 19, 367-387.
56. Thomsen H. A., Kosman C., and Ikävalko J. (1995): Three new species of Thaumatomastix (Thaumatomastigidae, Protista incertae sedis), a ubiquitous genus in the Antarctic ice biota. Europ. J. Protistol. 31, 174-181.
57. Thomsen H. A. and Larsen J. (1992): Loricate choanoflagellates of the Southern Ocean with new observations on cell division on Bicosta spinifera (Acanthoecidae, Choanoflagellida) from the Weddell Sea. Antarctica. Zool. Ser. 19, 367-387.
58. Utermöhl H. (1958): Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitteilungen der Int. Ver. Limnol. 9, 1-38.
59. Vørs N. (1992): Heterotrophic amoebae, flagellates and heliozoa from the Tvärminne area, Gulf of Finland in 1988-1990. Ophelia 36, 1-109.
60. Vørs N. (1993): Heterotrophic amoebae, flagellates and heliozoa from Arctic marine waters (North West Territories, Canada and West Greenland). Polar Biol. 13, 113-126.
61. Weeks W. F., Gow A. J., Kosloff P., and Digby-Argus S. (1990): The internal structure, composition and properties of brackish ice from the Bay of Bothnia. In: Ackley S. F. and Weeks W. F. (eds.): Sea ice properties and processes, pp. 5-15. Proceedings of the W. F. Weeks Sea Ice Symposium. USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. CRREL monograph.
62. Williams P. J. LeB. (1981): Incorporation of microheterotrophic processes into the classical paradigm of the planktonic food web. Kieler Meeresforsch., Sonderh. 5, 1-28.