Aluminum tolerance in transgenic plants by alteration of citrate synthesis

Science

Volumn 276, Issue 5318, 1997, Pages 1566-1568

  De La Fuente, Juan Manuel ^a   Ramírez Rodríguez, Verenice ^a   Cabrera Ponce, José Luis ^a   Herrera Estrella, Luis ^a  

^a Unidad   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; CITRATE SYNTHASE;

AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS; ARTICLE; GROWTH INHIBITION; PLANT ROOT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOLUBILIZATION; TRANSGENE;

ALUMINUM; CITRATE (SI)-SYNTHASE; CITRATES; FRUIT; PLANT ROOTS; PLANTS; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; PLANTS, TOXIC; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SEEDS; TOBACCO;

EID: 1842290374     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5318.1566     Document Type: Article

References (24)

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15. Pseudomonas aeruginosa CS gene and antiserum were reported by J. L. Donald ef al. [J. Bacteriol. 171, 5542 (1989)].
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18. CS activity was measured as described by P. Srere [Methods Enzymol. 13, 3 (1969)].
19. For measurement of citrate content, 1 g of roots was ground in liquid nitrogen and extracted with 10 ml of boiling 80% ethanol. The homogenate was centrifuged in a tabletop centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant filtered through a 0.45-μm Millipore filter. Organic acid content was analyzed by HPLC as described [H. D. Picha, J. Agric. Food Chem. 33, 743 (1985)].
20. One hundred seeds were germinated on plates placed in a vertical position inside a container with nutrient solution. When the plantlets were exposed to Al-containing Blaydes solution (W. A. Parrot and H. J. Bouton, Crop Sci. 30, 387 (1990)] (adjusted to pH 4.3 by addition of 0.1 N KOH), the plates containing the seedlings were rotated 90°, where a change in the direction of root growth occurred due to gravitropism, allowing the measurement of root growth after exposure to Al. This technique was described by L. Taiz and A. Murphy [Plant Physiol. 108, 29 (1995)]. The pH of the nutrient solution was monitored throughout the experiment and found to vary by no more than 0.2 pH units.
21. One hundred seeds were germinated on plates placed in a vertical position inside a container with nutrient solution. When the plantlets were exposed to Al-containing Blaydes solution (W. A. Parrot and H. J. Bouton, Crop Sci. 30, 387 (1990)] (adjusted to pH 4.3 by addition of 0.1 N KOH), the plates containing the seedlings were rotated 90°, where a change in the direction of root growth occurred due to gravitropism, allowing the measurement of root growth after exposure to Al. This technique was described by L. Taiz and A. Murphy [Plant Physiol. 108, 29 (1995)]. The pH of the nutrient solution was monitored throughout the experiment and found to vary by no more than 0.2 pH units.
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24. We are grateful to W. Duckworth for providing the P. aureginosa CS gene and antiserum to CS. We thank G. Olmedo and J. Simpson for critically reviewing our work. Supported in part by grants from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (75191-526901) and the European Commission (ERBIC-18CT-960089).