Axial apodization in 4Pi-confocal microscopy by annular binary filters

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 1532-1536

  Martínez Corral, Manuel ^a   Pons, Amparo ^a   Caballero, María Teresa ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OPTICAL FILTERS; PHOTONS; VISION;

BINARY FILTERS;

IMAGE ANALYSIS;

EID: 18244426057     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.19.001532     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999), Chap. 8.
2. T. Wilson, ed., Confocal Microscopy (Academic, London, 1990).
3. S. Hell and E. H. K. Stelzer, "Properties of a 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9, 2159-2166 (1992).
4. S. Hell and E. H. K. Stelzer, "Fundamental improvement of resolution with a 4Pi-confocal fluorescence microscope using two-photon excitation," Opt. Commun. 93, 277-282 (1992).
5. S. W. Hell, S. Lindek, and E. H. K. Stelzer, "Enhancing the axial resolution in far-field light microscopy: two-photon 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscopy," J. Mod. Opt. 41, 675-681 (1994).
6. M. Nagorni and S. W. Hell, "Coherent use of opposing lenses for axial resolution increase in fluorescence microscopy. I. Comparative study of concepts," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 36-48 (2001).
7. P. B. Hänninen, S. W. Hell, J. Salo, and E. Soini, "Two-photon excitation 4Pi confocal microscope: enhanced resolution for biological research," Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1698-1700 (1995).
8. M. Schrader, S. W. Hell, and H. T. M. van der Voort, "Three-dimensional super-resolution with 4Pi-confocal microscope using image restoration," J. Appl. Phys. 84, 4033-4042 (1998).
9. M. Nagorni and S. W. Hell, "Coherent use of opposing lenses for axial resolution increase in fluorescence microscopy. II. Power and limitations of nonlinear image restoration," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 49-51 (2001).
10. G. Toraldo di Francia, "Supergain antennas and optical resolving power," Nuovo Cimento Suppl. 9, 426-435 (1952).
11. P. Jacquinot and B. Rozien-Dossier, "Apodization," in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, ed. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1964), Vol. 3.
12. G. R. Boyer, "Réalisation d'un filtrage super-résolvant," Opt. Acta 30, 807-816 (1983).
13. G. J. Brakenhoff, P. Blom, and P. Barends, "Confocal scanning light microscopy with high aperture immersion lenses," J. Microsc. 117, 219-232 (1979).
14. Z. S. Hegedus and V. Sarafis, "Superresolving filters in confocally scanned imaging systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3, 1892-1896 (1986).
15. S. W. Hell, P. E. Hänninen, A. Kuusisto, M. Schrader, and E. Soini, "Annular aperture two-photon excitation microscopy," Opt. Commun. 117, 20-24 (1995).
16. M. Martínez-Corral, P. Andrés, J. Ojeda-Castañeda, and G. Saavedra, "Tunable axial superresolution by annular binary filters. Application to confocal microscopy," Opt. Commun. 119, 491-498 (1995).
17. M. A. A. Neil, R. Juskaitis, T. Wilson, Z. J. Laczik, and V. Sarafis, "Optimized pupil-plane filters for confocal microscope point-spread function engineering," Opt. Lett. 25, 245-247 (2000).
18. M. Martínez-Corral, P. Andrés, C. J. Zapata-Rodríguez, and C. J. R. Sheppard, "Improvement of three-dimensional resolution in confocal scanning microscopy by combination of two pupil filters," Optik (Stuttgart) 107, 145-148 (1998).
19. Z. Ding, G. Wang, M. Gu, Z. Wang, and Z. Fan, "Superresolution with an apodization film in a confocal setup," Appl. Opt, 36, 360-363 (1997).
20. M. Kowalczyk, C. J. Zapata-Rodríguez, and M. Martínez-Corral, "Asymmetric apodization in confocal imaging systems," Appl. Opt. 37, 8206-8214 (1998).
21. M. Martínez-Corral, P. Andrés, C. J. Zapata-Rodríguez, and M. Kowalczyk, "Three-dimensional superresolution by annular binary filters," Opt. Commun. 165, 267-278 (1999).
22. C. J. R. Sheppard, "Binary optics and confocal imaging," Opt. Lett. 24, 505-506 (1999).
23. S. W. Hell, S. Lindek, C. Cremer, and E. H. K. Stelzer, "Measurement of the 4Pi-confocal point spread function proves 75 nm axial resolution," Appl. Phys, Lett. 64, 1335-1337 (1994).
24. The term apodization etymologically comes from the Greek (to remove foot), and involves the suppression, or at least a considerable decrease, of the sidelobes of the PSF.
25. B. Richards and E. Wolf, "Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system," Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 253, 358-379 (1959).
26. M. Gu, Advanced Optical Imaging Theory (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000).
27. C. J. R. Sheppard and H. J. Matthews, "Imaging in high-aperture optical systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1354-1360 (1987).
28. C. W. McCutchen, "Generalized aperture and the three-dimensional diffraction image," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 240-244 (1964).
29. S. Grill and E. H. K. Stelzer, "Method to calculate lateral and axial gain factors of optical setups with a large solid angle," J. Opt. Soc, Am. A 16, 2658-2665 (1999).
30. C. M. Blanca, J. Bewersdorf, and S. W. Hell, "Single sharp spot in fluorescence microscopy of two opposing lenses," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2321-2323 (2001).