After unification: Gender and subjective health status in East and West Germany

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 44, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 1313-1323

  Lüschen, Günther ^a   Geling, Olga ^b   Janßen, Christian ^b   Kunz, Gerhard ^c   Von Dem Knesebeck, Olaf ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Employment; Gender; German unification; Subjective health status; Work situation

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC; GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INCOME; MALE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; POLITICS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIOECONOMICS; SPORT;

ADULT; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; GERMANY, EAST; GERMANY, WEST; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RELIGION; SEX FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SPORTS;

EID: 18244420729     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00259-6     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Apelt, P. (1991) Gleichheit und Ungleichheit im Gesundheitswesen der DDR. Medizin, Mensch, Gesellschaft 16, 27-33.
2. Arber, S. (1991) Class, paid employment and family roles: making sense of structural disadvantages, gender and health status. Social Science & Medicine 32, 425-436.
3. Arnold, M. and Schirmer. B. (1990) Gesundheit für ein Deutschland. Deutscher rzte-Verlag, Köln.
4. Bruckner, G. (1993) Todesursachen 1990/91 im vereinten Deutschland. Wirtschaft und Statistik 4, 257-278.
5. Bundesminister für Gesundheit (1993) Indikatoren zum Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung in der ehemaligen DDR. In Schriftenreihe, Vol. 23, pp. 589-630. Nomos, Baden-Baden.
6. Cockerham, W. C. (1995) Medical Sociology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
7. Cockerham, W., Luschen, G. and Abel T. (1992) Health lifestyle patterns, demographic conditioning, social stratification and health status. Paper, Midwest Sociology Meetings, Kansas City.
8. Cohen, J. (1968) Multiple regression as a general data-analytic system. Psychological Bulletin 70, 426-443.
9. orzte. Gesundheitswesen 55, 561-566.
10. Dillman, D. A. (1978) Mail and telephone survey. The Total Design Method. Wiley, New York.
11. Dorn, A., Knispel, F. and Weiss, E. (1995) Wandlungen in der psychiatrischen Behandlung in einer Berliner Klinik durch die Vereinigung. Psychiatrische Praxis 22, 72-76.
12. Elder, G. H. and Glenn, E. N. (1979) Male and female: job versus gender models in the sociology of work. Social Problems 26, 524-538.
13. Feldberg, R. L. and Caspi, A. (1988) Economic stress in lives: developmental perspectives. Journal of Social Issues 44, 25-45.
14. Gavranidon, M. (1993) Wohlbefinden und Erwerbstätigkeit im Familienverlauf. In Lebensgestaltung von Frauen, ed. B. Nauck. Juventa, München.
15. Gerhardt, U. (1991) Gesellschaft und Gesundheit. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt.
16. Gore, S. and Mangione, T. W. (1983) Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress: additive and interactive models of sex differences. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24, 300-312.
17. Gove. W. and Hughes, M. (1979) Possible causes of their apparent sex differences in physical health: an empirical investigation. American Sociological Review 44, 126-146 (comments by Verbrugge, Mechanic ASR 45, 507-514 and Marcus, Seeman ASR 46, 119-123).
18. Gove. W. and Hughes, M. (1979) Possible causes of their apparent sex differences in physical health: an empirical investigation. American Sociological Review 44, 126-146 (comments by Verbrugge, Mechanic ASR 45, 507-514 and Marcus, Seeman ASR 46, 119-123).
19. Grayson, J. P. (1993) Health, physical activity level, and employment in Canada. Health Services 23, 743-761.
20. Hart, N. (1989) Sex, gender and survival: inequalities of life chances between European men and women. In Health Inequalities in European Countries, ed. J. Fox. Gover, Aldershot.
21. Henke, K. D. and Behrens, C. (1989) Umverteilungswirkungen der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. P.C.O., Bayreuth.
22. Kandrack, M. A., Grant, K. and Segall, A. (1991) Gender differences in health related behavior: some unanswered questions. Social Science & Medicine 32, 579-590.
23. Kaross, D. and Kunz, G. (1995) Medizinische Gesundheitsversorgung zwischen Markt und Plan. Strukturbedingungen des primärärztlichen Handelns vor und nach der Vereinigung. In Gesellschaften im Umbruch, eds H. Sahner and S. Schwndtner. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen.
24. Kessler, R.,House, J. and Turner, R. (1987) Unemployment and health in a community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 28, 51-59.
25. Kessler, R. and McRae, J. (1982) The effects of wives' employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review 47, 216-227.
26. Kohn, M. and Schooler, C. (1983) Work and Personality: An Inquiry into the Impact of Social Stratification. Abblex, Norwood, NJ.
27. Lehr, U. (1986) Subjektiver und objektiver Gesundheitszustand im Lichte von Längsschnittstudien. In Formen seelischen Alerns, eds U. Lehr and H. Thomae, pp. 153-159. Enke, Stuttgart.
28. Light, D. and Schuller, W. (1986) Political Values and Health Care: The German Experience. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
29. Loscocco, K. A. and Spitze, G. (1990) Working conditions, social support, and the well-being of female and male factory workers. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 31, 13-327.
30. Luschen, G. (1992) Highland Burma in der DDR. In Soziologie in Deutschland und die Transformation gesellschaftlicher Systeme, ed. H. Meyer, pp. 1501-1508. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin.
31. Lüschen, G. et al. (1993a) Die schichtspezifische Gesundheitssituation in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Ein Vergleich zweier Systeme auf dem Weg zur Integration. In Lebensverhältnisse und soziale Konflikte im neuen Europa, ed. B. Schäfers, pp. 527-545. Campus, Frankfurt and New York.
32. Lüschen, G. et al. (1993b) Kausalbeziehungen und soziokulturelle Kontexte zwischen Sport und Gesundheit. Sportwissenschaft 23, 175-186.
33. Lüschen G. et al. (1995) Health Systems in the European Union: Diversity, Convergence and Integration. Oldenbourg, München.
34. Lüschen, G., Niemann, S. and Apelt, P. (in press) The integration of two health systems: social stratification, work and health in East and West Germany. Social Science & Medicine.
35. Marcus, A. C. and Seeman, T. E. (1981) Sex differences in reports of illness and disability: a preliminary test of the "fixed role obligations" hypothesis. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 22, 174-183.
36. Maschewsky-Schneider, U., Greiser, E. and Helmert, U. (1988) Sind Frauen gesünder als Männer. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 3, 173-180.
37. Menard, S. (1986) A research note on international comparisons of inequality of income. Social Forces 64, 778-793.
38. Mossey, J. M. and Shapiro, E. (1982) Self-rated health: a prdictor of mortality among the elderly. American Journal of Public Health 72, 800-808.
39. Nathanson, C. (1975) Illness and the feminine role. A theoretical review. Social Science & Medicine 9, 57-62.
40. Noack, H., Calmonte, R. and Foppa, I. (1993) Gesundheit, gesundheitsrelevantes Verhalten und Erwerbstätigkeit. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 38, 77-82.
41. Offe, K. (1992) Die politischen Kosten der Vereinheitlichung des Gesundheitssystems. In Sozialpolitik im Prozess der Vereinigung, ed. W. Schmähl, pp. 59-90. Campus, Frankfurt.
42. Robert Koch Institut (1995) Die Gesundheit der Deutschen - ein Ost-West-Vergleich. RKI-Heft 7, Berlin.
43. Rosenfield, S. (1989) The effects of women employment: personal control and sex differences in mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30, 77-91.
44. Ross, C. E. and Bird, C. E. (1994) Sex stratification and health lifestyle: consequences for men's and women's perceived health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 35, 161-178.
45. Siegrist, J. (1989) Steps towards explaining social differentials in morbidity: the case of West Germany. In Health Inequalities in European Countries, ed. J. Fox, pp. 353-371. Cover, Aldershot.
46. Statistisches Bundesamt (1989, 1991, 1993) Statistisches Jahrbuch der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1989, 1991, 1993. Poeschel, Stuttgart.
47. Thiele, W. (1990) Das Gesundheitswesen der DDR. Aufbruch oder Einbruch? Asgard, St. Augustin.
48. Treiman, D. J. (1977) Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective. Academic Press, New York.
49. Treiman, D. J. and Roos, P. A. (1983) Sex and earnings in industrial society: a nine-nation comparison. American Journal of Sociology 89, 612-650.
50. Verbrugge, L. M. (1989) The twain meet: empirical explanations of sex differences in health and mortality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30, 282-304.
51. Wiesner, G. E. (1990) Zur Gesundheitslage der beiden Bevölkerungsteile DDR und BRD - ein Ausdruck sozialer Ungleichheit? In Das Gesundheitswesen der DDR, ed. W. Thiele, pp. 21-28. Asgard, St. Augustin.
52. Wolinsky, F. D. and Johnson, R. J. (1992) Health perceptions and survival: do global evaluations of health status predict mortality? Journal of Gerontology 47, 304-312.
53. Zoike, E. (1991) Woran erkranken Frauen? Widerspiegelungen in Arbeitsfähigkeits-und Krankenhausdaten der Betrieblichen Krankenversicherung. Das öffentliche Gesundheitswesen 53, 221-227.