Selenium/cadmium ratios in human prostates: Indicators of prostate cancer risk of smokers and nonsmokers, and relevance to the cancer protective effects of selenium

Biological Trace Element Research

Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 103-107

  Drasch, Gustav ^a   Schöpfer, Jutta ^a   Schrauzer, Gerhard N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cadmium; Prostate cancer risk; Selenium

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; DRINKING WATER; SELENIUM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; PROSTATE; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE EPITHELIUM; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; STOICHIOMETRY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CADMIUM; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSTATE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RISK FACTORS; SELENIUM; SMOKING;

EID: 18244365557     PISSN: 01634984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/BTER:103:2:103     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. L. X. Clegg, F. P. Li, B. F. Hankey, K. Chu, and B. K. Edwards, Arch. Intern. Med. 162, 1985-1993 (2002).
2. L. Kolonel, Cancer Causes and Control 7, 83-94 (1996).
3. T. M. Vogt, R. G. Ziegler, B. I. Graubard, et al., Int J Cancer 103, 664-670 (2003).
4. G. Bako, E. S. O. Smith, J. Hanson, and R. Dewar, Can. J. Publ. Health 73, 92-94 (1982).
5. M. P. Waalkes and S. Rehm, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 43, 251-269 (1994).
6. N. A. Elghany, M. C. Schumacher, M. L. Slattery, D. W. West, and J. S. Lee, Epidemiology 1, 107-115 (1990).
7. J. W. Berg and F. Burbank, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 199, 249-252 (1972).
8. G. N. Schrauzer, D. A. White, and C. J. Schneider, Bioinorg. Chem. 7, 35-56 (1977).
9. T. Kjellstrom, L. Friberg, and B. Rahnster, Environ. Health Perspect. 28, 199-204 (1979).
10. M. M. Webber, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 127, 871-877 (1985).
11. W. E. Achanzar, B. A. Diwan, J. Liu, S. Quader, M. M. Webber, and M. P. Waalkes, Cancer Res. 61, 455-458 (1985).
12. F. K. Habib, G. L. Hammond, I. R. Lee, et al., J. Endocrin. 71, 133-141 (1976).
13. L. Jamba, B. Nehru, and M. P. Bansal, J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 10, 233-242 (1997).
14. C. Meplan, G. Verhaegh, M. J. Richard, and P. Hainaut, Proc Nut. Soc. 58, 565-571 (1999).
15. K. Hickey, K. A. Do, and A. Green, Epid. Rev. 23, 215-225 (2001).
16. S. S. Coughlin, J. D. Neaton, and A. Sengupta, Am J Epidemiol. 143, 1002-1006 (1996).
17. L. A. Plaskon, D. F. Penson, T. L. Vaughan, and J. L. Stanford, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12, 604-609 (2003).
18. P. Greenwald, J. A. Milner, D. E. Anderson, and S. S. McDonald, Metastasis Rev. 21, 217-230 (2002).
19. K. J. Helzsouer, H. Y. Huang, A. J. Alberg, et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9, 2034-3038 (2000).
20. K. Yoshisawa, W. C. Willett, S. J. Morris, et al., J Natl Cancer Inst. 90, 1219-1224 (1998).
21. L. C. Clark, G. F. Combs, Jr., B. W. Turnbull, et al., JAMA 276, 1957-1963 (1996) [Erratum 227, 1520 (1996)].
22. G. N. Schrauzer, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57, 1864-1873 (2000).
23. For Se and Cd determinations, 500 mg samples of prostates were digested with 2.0 mL of 65% nitric acid and 0.5 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide in a MLS-1200 MEGA microwave system, equipped with HPT-100/5 high pressure vessels (MLS Leutkirch, Germany). After cooling the solutions were diluted to 5.0 mL with ultrapure water and the selenium and cadmium concentrations were determined with a THGA and an AS 800 auto sampler as described in refs. 24, and 25. The validity of the values was established with the following standard reference materials: BCR# 185 bovine liver and BCR# 186 pig kidney (Promochem, Sesel, Germany). Both standards were analyzed in each batch parallel to the samples. Element concentrations of the samples were taken as valid if both standards analyzed in the same batch were within the certified region. The concentrations were calculated as μmol Se/kg or Cd/kg prostate wet weight and converted to the molar Se/Cd ratios reproduced in Fig. 1.
24. G. Drasch, Trace Elem. Electrol. 14, 116-123 (1997).
25. G. Drasch, S. Mailänder, C. Schlosser, and G. Roider, Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 77, 219-230 (2000).