The pathology of NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 27-34

  Nava, Victor E ^a,b   Jaffe, Elaine S ^a,c  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c Bldg 10 ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Cytogenetics; Dendritic cell; Epstein Barr virus; Hemophagocytic syndrome; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Natural killer cell; T cell

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD5 ANTIGEN; CD56 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINEAGE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DENDRITIC CELL; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HUMAN; HYDROA VACCINIFORME; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS; LEUKEMIA CELL; LYMPHOMA CELL; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NOSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN INDUCTION; REVIEW; VIRUS INFECTION;

ADULT; CHILD; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; LYMPHOMA; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 18144418155     PISSN: 10724109     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pap.0000151318.34752.80     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 1994;84:1361-1392.
2. Zambello R, Semenzato G. Natural killer receptors in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases of granular lymphocytes. Semin Hematol. 2003;40:201-212.
3. Pascal V, Schleinitz N, Brunet C, et al. Comparative analysis of NK cell subset distribution in normal and lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocyte conditions. Eur J Immunol. 2004;34:2930.
4. Jaffe ES, Krenacs L, Raffeld M. Classification of cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cell lymphomas. Semin Hematol. 2003;40:175-184.
5. Arnulf B, Copie-Bergman C, Delfau-Larue MH, et al. Nonhepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma: a subset of cytotoxic lymphomas with mucosal or skin localization. Blood. 1998;91:1723-1731.
6. Ng SB, Lai KW, Murugaya S, et al. Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphomas: a clinicopathologic and genotypic study of 42 cases in Singapore. Mod Pathol. 2004;17:1097-1107.
7. Chiang AK, Tao Q, Srivastava G, et al. Nasal NK- and T-cell lymphomas share the same type of Epstein-Barr virus latency as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. Int J Cancer. 1996;68:285-290.
8. Chan JK, Ng CS, Lau WH, et al. Most nasal/nasopharyngeal lymphomas are peripheral T-cell neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987;11:418-429.
9. Ho FC, Choy D, Loke SL, et al. Polymorphic reticulosis and conventional lymphomas of the nose and upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases, and immunophenotypic studies of 16 cases. Hum Pathol. 1990;21:1041-1050.
10. Ferry JA, Sklar J, Zukerberg LR, et al. Nasal lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study with immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:268-279.
11. Drenou B, Lamy T, Amiot L, et al. CD3- CD56+ non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with an aggressive behavior related to multidrug resistance. Blood. 1997;89:2966-2974.
12. Quintanilla-Martinez L, Franklin JL, Guerrero I, et al. Histological and immunophenotypic profile of nasal NK/T cell lymphomas from Peru: high prevalence of p53 overexpression. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:849-855.
13. Lin CW, Chen YH, Chuang YC, et al. CD94 transcripts imply a better prognosis in nasal-type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2003;102:2623-2631.
14. Jaffe ES, Costa J, Fauci AS, et al. Malignant lymphoma and erythrophagocytosis simulating malignant histiocytosis. Am J Med. 1983;75:741-749.
15. Aozasa K, Watanabe Y, Ikeda H. Malignant histiocytosis presenting as lethal midline granuloma. Pathol Res Prac. 1981;171:314-324.
16. Ng CS, Chan JK, Cheng PN, et al. Nasal T-cell lymphoma associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Cancer. 1986;58:67-71.
17. Lipford EH Jr, Margolick JB, Longo DL, et al. Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions: a clinicopathologic spectrum of post-thymic T-cell proliferations. Blood. 1988;72:1674-1681.
18. Dictor M, Cervin A, Kalm O, et al. Sinonasal T-cell lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of lethal midline granuloma using in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus RNA. Mod Pathol. 1996;9:7-14.
19. DeRemee RA, Weiland LH, McDonald TJ. Polymorphic reticulosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Two diseases or one? Mayo Clin Proc. 1978;53:634-640.
20. Chan JK, Ng CS, Ngan KC, et al. Angiocentric T-cell lymphoma of the skin. An aggressive lymphoma distinct from mycosis fungoides. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:861-876.
21. Jaffe ES, Chan JK, Su IJ, et al. Report of the Workshop on Nasal and Related Extranodal Angiocentric T/Natural Killer Cell Lymphomas. Definitions, differential diagnosis, and epidemiology. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:103-111.
22. Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, et al. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2001.
23. Medeiros LJ, Lardelli P, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al. Genotypic analysis of diffuse, mixed cell lymphomas. Comparison with morphologic and immunophenotypic findings. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991;95:547-555.
24. Chiang AK, Srivastava G, Lau PW, et al. Differences in T-cell-receptor gene rearrangement and transcription in nasal lymphomas of natural killer and T-cell types: implications on cellular origin. Hum Pathol. 1996;27:701-707.
25. Wong KF, Chan JK, Ng CS, et al. CD56 (NKH1)-positive hematolymphoid malignancies: an aggressive neoplasm featuring frequent cutaneous/mucosal involvement, cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, and angiocentricity. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:798-804.
26. Elenitoba-Johnson KS, Zarate-Osorno A, Meneses A, et al. Cytotoxic granular protein expression, Epstein-Barr virus strain type, and latent membrane protein-1 oncogene deletions in nasal T-lymphocyte/natural killer cell lymphomas from Mexico. Mod Pathol. 1998;11:754-761.
27. Krenacs L, Smyth MJ, Bagdi E, et al. The serine protease granzyme M is preferentially expressed in NK-cell, gamma delta T-cell, and intestinal T-cell lymphomas: evidence of origin from lymphocytes involved in innate immunity. Blood. 2003;101:3590-3593.
28. Harabuchi Y, Yamanaka N, Kataura A, et al. Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma. Lancet. 1990;335:128-130.
29. Arber DA, Weiss LM, Albujar PF, et al. Nasal lymphomas in Peru. High incidence of T-cell immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:392-399.
30. Sun HS, Su IJ, Lin YC, et al. A 2.6 Mb interval on chromosome 6q25.2-q25.3 is commonly deleted in human nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2003;122:590-599.
31. Siu LL, Chan V, Chan JK, et al. Consistent patterns of allelic loss in natural killer cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 2000;157:1803-1809.
32. Siu LL, Wong KF, Chan JK, et al. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia. Recognition of consistent patterns of genetic alterations. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:1419-1425.
33. Imamura N, Kusunoki Y, Kawa-Ha K, et al. Aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia/lymphoma: report of four cases and review of the literature. Possible existence of a new clinical entity originating from the third lineage of lymphoid cells. Br J Haematol. 1990;75:49-59.
34. Mori N, Yamashita Y, Tsuzuki T, et al. Lymphomatous features of aggressive NK cell leukaemia/lymphoma with massive necrosis, haemophagocytosis and EB virus infection. Histopathology. 2000;37:363-371.
35. Quintanilla-Martinez L, Jaffe ES. Commentary: aggressive NK cell lymphomas: insights into the spectrum of NK cell derived malignancies. Histopathology. 2000;37:372-374.
36. Murdock J, Jaffe ES, Wilson WH, et al. Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma: case report, use of telesynergy and review of the literature. Leukemia Lymphoma. 2004;45:1269-1273.
37. Hart DN, Baker BW, Inglis MJ, et al. Epstein-Barr viral DNA in acute large granular lymphocyte (natural killer) leukemic cells. Blood. 1992;79:2116-2123.
38. Kawa-Ha K, Ishihara S, Ninomiya T, et al. CD3-negative lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA. J Clin Invest. 1989;84:51-55.
39. Chan JK. Natural killer cell neoplasms. Anat Pathol. 1998;3:77-145.
40. Soler J, Bordes R, Ortuno F, et al. Aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia/ lymphoma in two patients with lethal midline granuloma. Br J Haematol. 1994;86:659-662.
41. Wong KF, Zhang YM, Chan JK. Cytogenetic abnormalities in natural killer cell lymphoma/leukaemia - is there a consistent pattern? Leukemia Lymphoma. 1999;34:241-250.
42. Siu LL, Chan JK, Wong KF, et al. Specific patterns of gene methylation in natural killer cell lymphomas: p73 is consistently involved. Am J Pathol. 2002;160:59-66.
43. Magana M, Sangueza P, Gil-Beristain J, et al. Angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of childhood (hydroa-like lymphoma): a distinctive type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:574-579.
44. Zhang Y, Nagata H, Ikeuchi T, et al. Common cytological and cytogenetic features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive natural killer (NK) cells and cell lines derived from patients with nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas, chronic active EBV infection and hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions. Br J Haematol. 2003;121:805-814.
45. Chen HH, Hsiao CH, Chiu HC. Hydroa vacciniforme-like primary cutaneous CD8-positive T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:587-591.
46. Yoon TY, Yang TH, Hahn YS, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated recurrent necrotic papulovesicles with repeated bacterial infections ending in sepsis and death: consideration of the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection and immune defect. J Dermatol. 2001;28:442-447.
47. Cho KH, Kim CW, Heo DS, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated peripheral T-cell lymphoma in adults with hydroa vacciniforme-like lesions. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26:242-247.
48. Iwatsuki K, Ohtsuka M, Harada H, et al. Clinicopathologic manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus-associated cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:1081-1086.
49. Iwatsuki K, Ohtsuka M, Akiba H, et al. Atypical hydroa vacciniforme in childhood: from a smoldering stage to Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoid malignancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40:283-284.
50. Iwatsuki K, Xu Z, Takata M, et al. The association of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection with hydroa vacciniforme. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140:715-721.
51. Iwatsuki K, Xu Z, Ohtsuka M, et al. Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection: a clinical overview. J Dermatol Sci. 2000;22:181-195.
52. Barrionuevo C, Anderson VM, Zevallos-Giampietri E, et al. Hydroa-like cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular genetic study of 16 pediatric cases from Peru. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2002;10:7-14.
53. Norris PG, Hawk JL. The acute idiopathic photodermatoses. Semin Dermatol. 1990;9:32-38.
54. Jaffe ES. Nasal and nasal-type T/NK cell lymphoma: a unique form of lymphoma associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Histopathology. 1995;27:581-583.
55. Ohshima K, Suzumiya J, Shimazaki K, et al. Nasal T/NK cell lymphomas commonly express perform and Fas ligand: important mediators of tissue damage. Histopathology. 1997;31:444-450.
56. Mori N, Yatabe Y, Oka K, et al. Expression of perform in nasal lymphoma. Additional evidence of its natural killer cell derivation. Am J Pathol. 1996;149:699-705.
57. Emile JF, Boulland ML, Haioun C, et al. CD5-CD56+ T-cell receptor silent peripheral T-cell lymphomas are natural killer cell lymphomas. Blood. 1996;87:1466-1473.
58. Krenacs L, Wellmann A, Sorbara L, et al. Cytotoxic cell antigen expression in anaplastic large cell lymphomas of T- and null-cell type and Hodgkin's disease: evidence for distinct cellular origin. Blood. 1997;89:980-989.
59. Ng CS, Lo ST, Chan JK, et al. CD56+ putative natural killer cell lymphomas: production of cytolytic effectors and related proteins mediating tumor cell apoptosis? Hum Pathol. 1997;28:1276-1282.
60. Teruya-Feldstein J, Jaffe ES, Burd PR, et al. The role of Mig, the monokine induced by interferon-gamma, and IP-10, the interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10, in tissue necrosis and vascular damage associated with Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disease. Blood. 1997;90:4099-4105.
61. Lay JD, Tsao CJ, Chen JY, et al. Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene by Epstein-Barr virus and activation of macrophages in Epstein-Barr virus-infected T cells in the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:1969-1979.
62. Teruya-Feldstein J, Setsuda J, Yao X, et al. MIP-1alpha expression in tissues from patients with hemophagocytic syndrome. Lab Invest. 1999;79:1583-1590.
63. Ohshima K, Karube K, Hamasaki M, et al. Differential chemokine, chemokine receptor and cytokine expression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. Leukemia Lymphoma. 2003;44:1367-1378.
64. Loughran T. Clonal diseases of large granular lymphocytes. Blood. 1993;82:1-14.
65. Lamy T, Loughran TP Jr. Clinical features of large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Semin Hematol. 2003;40:185-195.
66. Taddesse-Heath L, Feldman JI, Fahle GA, et al. Florid CD4+, CD56+ T-cell infiltrate associated with herpes simplex infection simulating nasal NK-/T-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol. 2003;16:166-172.
67. Jaffe ES. Lymphoid lesions of the head and neck: a model of lymphocyte homing and lymphomagenesis. Mod Pathol. 2002;15:255-263.
68. Guinee DJ, Jaffe E, Kingma D, et al. Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Evidence for a proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B-lymphocytes with a prominent T-cell component and vasculitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:753-764.
69. Katzenstein AA, Carrington CB, Liebow AA. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: a clinicopathologic study of 152 cases. Cancer. 1979;43:360-373.
70. Jaffe ES, Wilson WH. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical implications. Cancer Surv. 1997;30:233-248.
71. Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF, et al. Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm. Blood. 1997;89:4501-4513.
72. DiGiuseppe JA, Louie DC, Williams JE, et al. Blastic natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21:1223-1230.
73. Petrella T, Dalac S, Maynadie M, et al. CD4+ CD56+ cutaneous neoplasms: a distinct hematological entity? Groupe Francais d'Etude des Lymphomes Cutanes (GFELC). Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23:137-146.
74. Chaperot L, Bendriss N, Manches O, et al. Identification of a leukemic counterpart of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood. 2001;97:3210-3217.
75. Herling M, Teitell MA, Shen RR, et al. TCL1 expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC2s) and the related CD4+ CD56+ blastic tumors of skin. Blood. 2003;101:5007-5009.
76. Oshimi K. Leukemia and lymphoma of natural killer lineage cells. Int J Hematol. 2003;78:18-23.
77. Jacob MC, Chaperot L, Mossuz P, et al. CD4+ CD56+ lineage negative malignancies: a new entity developed from malignant early plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Haematologica. 2003;88:941-955.
78. Cong P, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Blastic NK cell lymphoma/leukemia: a clinicopathological study of 23 cases. Mod Pathol. 2001;14:160A.
79. Suzuki R, Suzumiya J, Nakamura S, et al. Aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia revisited: large granular lymphocyte leukemia of cytotoxic NK cells. Leukemia. 2004;18:763-770.
80. Yoshimasu T, Manabe A, Tanaka R, et al. Successful treatment of relapsed blastic natural killer cell lymphoma with unrelated cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;30:41-44.
81. Nagafuji K, Fujisaki T, Arima F, et al. L-Asparaginase induced durable remission of relapsed nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Int J Hematol. 2001;74:447-450.
82. Hyakuna N, Toguchi S, Higa T, et al. Childhood blastic NK cell leukemia successfully treated with L-asparagenase and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004;42:631-634.
83. Bekkenk MW, Jansen PM, Meijer CJ, et al. CD56+ hematological neoplasms presenting in the skin: a retrospective analysis of 23 new cases and 130 cases from the literature. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1097-1108.
84. Scott AA, Head DR, Kopecky KJ, et al. HLA-DR-, CD33+, CD56+, CD16- myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia: a previously unrecognized form of acute leukemia potentially misdiagnosed as French-American-British acute myeloid leukemia-M3. Blood. 1994;84:244-255.
85. Bene MC, Feuillard J, Jacob MC. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: from the plasmacytoid T-cell to type 2 dendritic cells CD4+CD56+ malignancies. Semin Hematol. 2003;40:257-266.
86. Koita H, Suzumiya J, Ohshima K, et al. Lymphoblastic lymphoma expressing natural killer cell phenotype with involvement of the mediastinum and nasal cavity. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21:242-248.
87. Ichinohasama R, Endoh K, Ishizawa K, et al. Thymic lymphoblastic lymphoma of committed natural killer cell precursor origin: a case report. Cancer. 1996;77:2592-2603.
88. Swerdlow SH, Habeshaw JA, Richards MA, et al. T lymphoblastic lymphoma with LEU-7 positive phenotype and unusual clinical course: a multiparameter study. Leukemia Res. 1985;9:167-173.
89. Choi YL, Makishima H, Ohashi J, et al. DNA microarray analysis of natural killer cell-type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes with purified CD3-CD56+ fractions. Leukemia. 2004;18:556-565.