Use of quadratic electroabsorption for measurement of the hyperpolarizability β of asymmetric molecules

Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 723-734

  Canfield, Brian K ^a,b   Kuzyk, Mark G ^a,c   Hightower, Sean E ^a,d   Li, Alexander D Q ^a,c  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^c Washington State University   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC PHYSICS; ELECTROOPTICAL EFFECTS; LIGHT POLARIZATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOLECULAR PHYSICS; MOLECULES; REFRACTIVE INDEX;

HYPERPOLARIZABILITY; QUADRATIC ELECTROABSORPTION (QEA); SUM-OVER-STATES (SOS) MODELS;

NONLINEAR OPTICS;

EID: 18144403533     PISSN: 07403224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.22.000723     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. G. F. Lipscomb, J. T. Thackara, and R. Lytel, "Electro-optic effect," in Characterization Techniques and Tabulations for Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials, M. G. Kuzyk and C. W. Dirk, eds. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998), pp. 237-310.
2. M. G. Kuzyk and C. W. Dirk, "Quick and simple method to measure third-order nonlinear optical properties of dyedoped polymer films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1628-1630 (1989).
3. M. G. Kuzyk, J. E. Sohn, and C. W. Dirk, "Mechanisms of quadratic electro-optic modulation of dye-doped polymer systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 842-858 (1990).
4. C. Poga and M. G. Kuzyk, "Quadratic electroabsorption studies of third-order susceptibility mechanisms in dyedoped polymers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 80-91 (1994).
5. C. Poga, "Mechanisms of the third order nonlinear optical response in dye doped polymers," Ph.D. dissertation (Washington State University, Pullman, Wash., 1994).
6. C. Poga, T. M. Brown, M. G. Kuzyk, and C. W. Dirk, "Characterization of the excited states of a squaraine molecule with quadratic electroabsorption spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 531-543 (1995).
7. K. S. Mathis, "Studies of the nature of excited states of squaraines using quadratic electroabsorption spectroscopy and essential state analysis," master's degree thesis (Washington State University, Pullman, Wash., 1995).
8. K. Yang, D.-W. Cheong, S. Tripathy, and J. Kumar, "Dispersions of electroabsorption susceptibilities: application to a polymeric Langmuir-Blodgett film," Opt. Commun. 144, 259-264 (1997).
9. K. S. Mathis, M. G. Kuzyk, C. W. Dirk, A. Tan, S. Martinez, and G. Gampos, "Mechanisms of the nonlinear optical properties of squaraine dyes in poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 871-883 (1998).
10. (3) ( w; w, 0, 0,) of a polydiacetylene film," Opt. Commun. 164, 203-210 (1999).
11. R. J. Kruhlak, "Characterization of molecular excited states for nonlinear optics," Ph.D. dissertation (Washington State University, Pullman, Wash., 2000); www.physics.wsu.edu/ research/kuzyk/dissertation rjkt.pdf.
12. K. Yang, J. Kumar, D. C. Lee, D. J. Sandman, and S. Tripathy, "Determining the dispersions of the fifth- and seventh-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of a poly(4-BCMU) film through electroabsorption spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 25, 1186-1188 (2000).
13. (5) × ( w; w, 0, 0, 0, 0) of a polydiacetylene film," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17, 247-255 (2000).
14. K. Yang, J. Kumar, D. C. Lee, D. J. Sandman, and S. K. Tripathy, "Probing the electronic structure of a conjugated polymer through fifth-order electroabsorption spectroscopy," Opt. Commun. 201, 197-206 (2002).
15. M. G. Kuzyk and C. Pega, "Quadratic electro-optics of guest-host polymers," in Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Physics, and Devices, J. Zyss, ed. (Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1994), pp. 299-338.
16. T. Goodson III and C. H. Wang, "Quadratic electro-absorption and electro-optic effects in a guest/host nonlinear optical polymeric system," J. Appl. Phys. 79, 1267-1274 (1996).
17. G. D. Peng and A. D. Q. Li, "Preparation of polymer optical fibers doped with nonlinear optical active organic chromophores," J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polyra. Phys. 39, 1794-1801 (2001).
18. B. K. Canfield, "Measuring the hyperpolarizability β in asymmetric molecules using quadratic electroabsorption," Ph.D. dissertation (Washington State University, Pullman, Wash., 2002); www.physics.wsu.edu/ research/kuzyk/ dissert_bkc.pdf.
19. B. J. Orr and J. F. Ward, "Perturbation theory of the nonlinear optical polarization of an isolated system," Mol. Phys. 20, 513-526 (1971).
20. R. F. Shi and A. F. Garito, "Introduction: conventions and standards for nonlinear optical processes," in Characterization Techniques and Tabulations for Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials, M. G. Kuzyk and C. W. Dirk, eds. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998), pp. 1-36.
21. K. D. Singer, J. E. Sohn, L. A. King, H. M. Gordon, H. E. Katz, and C. W. Dirk, "Second-order nonlinear-optical properties of donor- and acceptor-substituted aromatic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 1339-1350 (1989).
22. A. Sarkar, J. J. Pak, G. W. Rayfield, and M. M. Haley, "Nonlinear optical properties of dehydrobenzo[18]annulenes: expanded two-dimensional dipolar and octupolar NLO chromophores," J. Mater. Chem. 11, 2943-2945 (2001).
23. K. Claya, "Theoretical upper limits and experimental overestimates for molecular hyperpolarizabilities: a symbiosis," Opt. Lett. 26, 1699-1701 (2001).
24. W. E. Torruellas, R. Zanoni, G. I. Stegeman, G. R. Möhlmann, E. W. P. Erdhuisen, and W. H. G. Horsthuis, "The cubic susceptibility dispersion of alkoxy-nitro-stilbene (MONS) and di-alkyl-amino-nitro-stilbene (DANS) side chain substituted polymers: comparison with the two-level model," J. Chem. Phys. 94, 6851-6856 (1991).
25. W. E. Torruellas, R. Zanoni, G. I. Stegeman, G. R. Möhlmann, E. W. P. Erdhuisen, and W. H. G. Horsthuis, "Erratum: "The cubic susceptibility dispersion of alkoxy-nitrostilbene (MONS) and di-alkyl-amino-nitro-stilbene (DANS) side chain substituted polymers: comparison with the two-level model" [J. Chem. Phys. 94, 6851 (1991)]," J. Chem. Phys. 96, 1662 (1992).
26. M. S. Paley, J. M. Harris, H. Looser, J. C. Baumert, G. C. Bjorklund, D. Jundt, and R. J. Twieg, "A solvatochromic method for determining second-order polarizabilities of organic molecules," J. Org. Chem. 54, 3774-3778 (1989).
27. M. G. Kuzyk, "Relationship between the molecular and bulk response," in Characterization Techniques and Tabulations for Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials. M. G. Kuzyk and C. W. Dirk, eds. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998), pp. 111-220.
28. R. C. Weast, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 68th ed. (CRC, Boca Raton, Fla., 1987).
29. M. G. Kuzyk, "Fundamental limits on third-order molecular susceptibilities," Opt. Lett. 25, 1183-1185 (2000).
30. M.G. Kuzyk, "Fundamental limits on two-photon absorption croas sections," J. Chem. Phys. 119, 8327-8334 (2003).
31. M. G. Kuzyk, "Physical limits on electronic nonlinear molecular susceptibilities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1218-1221 (2000).
32. M. G. Kuzyk, "Erratum: Physical limita on electronic nenlinear molecular susceptibilities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 039902 (2003).
33. M. G. Kuzyk, "Fundamental limits of nonlinear susceptibilities," Opt. Photonics News 14, 26 (2003).
34. E. Toussaere, "Polymères électrooptiques pour l'optique non linéaire caractérisation optique et modèles statistiquea," Ph.D. dissertation (University of Paris, Paris, 1993).
35. A. Otomo, G. I. Stegeman, M. C. Flipse, M. B. J. Diemeer, W. H. G. Horsthuia, and G. R. Möhlmann, "Nonlinear contrawave mixing devices in poled-polymer waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 759-772 (1998).
36. M. Abramowitz and I. E. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972).
37. R. J. Kruhlak and M. G. Kuzyk, "Measuring the electronic third-order susceptibility of the silicon-phthalocyanine-monomethacrylate molecule with quadratic electroabsorption spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (to be published).