Comparison perception of singular transcranial magnetic stimuli by subjectively electrosensitive subjects and general population controls

Bioelectromagnetics

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 287-298

  Frick, Ulrich ^a,b   Kharraz, Alexander ^a   Hauser, Simone ^c   Wiegand, Rainer ^a   Rehm, Jürgen ^b,d   Von Kovatsits, Ulla ^a   Eichhammer, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^b Institut fur Sucht und Gesundheitsforschung Zurich   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Electromagnetic complaints; Motor threshold; Perception threshold; Subjective hypersensitivity; TMS

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; FUNCTIONAL ELECTRIC STIMULATION;

CONDITION; ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPLAINT; ELECTROMAGNETICS; GENERAL POPULATION; MAGNETIC STIMULI; MOTOR THRESHOLD; PERCEPTION THRESHOLDS; POPULATION CONTROL; SUBJECTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY; TMS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTION; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 18044388531     PISSN: 01978462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bem.20085     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Andersson B, Berg M, Arnetz BB, Melin L, Langlet I, Lidén S. 1996. A cognitive-behavioral treatment of patients suffering from "electric hypersensitivity": Subjective effects and reactions in a double-blind provocation study. J Occupat Environm Med 38(8):752-758.
2. Earth A, Maritczak L, Valic E, Konnaris M, Wolf C. 2000. Pseudostenokardie bei Belastung durch "Elektrosmog". Dtsch Med Wochenschr 125(27):830-832.
3. Bartsch H, Hietanen E. 1996. The role of individual susceptibility in cancer burden related to environmental exposure. Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl 3):569-577.
4. Bergqvist U, Franzén O. 1993. Letters to the editor: Electromagnetic field sensitivity. Electro- and Magnetobiology 12:v-vii.
5. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SH, Kupfer DJ. 1989. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatr Res 28(2):193-213.
6. Cook C, Thomas A, Prato F. 2002. Human electrophsiological and cognitive effects of exposure to ELF magnetic and ELF modulated RF and microwave fields: A review of recent studies. Bioelectromagnetics 23:144-157.
7. Crasson M, Legros J-J, Scarpa P, Legros W. 1999. 50 Hz magnetic field exposure influence on human performance and psychophysiological parameters: Two double-blind experimental studies. Bioelectromagnetics 20:474-486.
8. Eichhammer P, Kharraz A, Wiegand R, Langguth B, Frick U, Aigner J, Hajak G. 2002. Sleep deprivation in depression: Stabilizing antidepressant effect by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Life Sci 70:1741-1749.
9. Flodin U, Seneby A, Tegenfeldt C. 2000. Provocation of electric hypersensitivity under everyday conditions. Scand J Work Environ Health 26(2):93-98.
10. Frick U, Rehm J, Eichhammer P. 2002. Risk perception, somatization, and self report of complaints related to electromagnetic fields-A randomized survey study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 205(5):353-360.
11. Frick U, Mayer M, Hauser S, Eichhammer P. 2004. Machbarkeitsstudie: Verifizierung der Beschwerden "Elektrosensibler" vor und nach einer Sanierung. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit. Schriftenreihe Reaktorsicherheit und Strahlenschutz, BMU 2004-638 (ISSN 1612-6386) download: http://www.bmu.de/de/1024/nj/download/ b_schriftenreihe_rs638/
12. Haarala C, Björnberg L, Ek M, Laine M, Revonsuo A, Koivisto M, Hämäläinen H. 2003. Effect of a 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human cognitive function: A replication study. Bioelectromagnetics 24:283-288.
13. Harlacher U, Schahn J. 1998. "Elektrosensitivität"-ein psychologisches problem? In: Kals E, editor. Umwelt und Gesundheit. Die Verbindung ökologischer und gesundheitlicher Ansätze. Weinheim: Psychologie Verlags Union, pp 151-196.
14. Hietanen M, Hämäläinen A, Husman T. 2002. Hypersensitivity Symptoms associated with exposure to cellular telephones: No causal link. Bioelectromagnetics 23(4):264-270.
15. Hillert L, Kolmodin HB, Dolling B, Arnetz B. 1998. Cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with electric sensitivity-A multidisciplinary approach in a controlled study. Psychother Psychosom 67(6):302-310.
16. Hillert L, Kolmodin Hedman B, Södermann A, Arnetz BB. 1999. Hypersensitivity to electricity: Working definition and additional characterization of the syndrome. J Psychosom Res 47:429-438.
17. Hillert L, Berglind N, Arnetz BB, Bellander T. 2002. Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey. Scand J Work Environ Health 28(1):33-41.
18. Hossmann K, Herrmann D. 2003. Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics 24:49-62.
19. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmäki L. 2000. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. NeuroReport 11: 413-415.
20. Leitgeb N, Schrottner J. 2003. Electrosensibility and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Bioelectromagnetics 24(6):387-394.
21. Levallois P. 2002. Hypersensitivity of human subjects to environmental electric and magnetic field exposure: A review of the literature. Environ Health Perspect 110(Suppl 4):613-618.
22. Levallois P, Neutra R, Lee G, Hristova L. 2002. Study of self-reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields in California. Environ Health Perspect 110(Suppl 4):619-623.
23. Lonne-Rahm S, Andersson B, Melin L, Schultzberg M, Arnetz B, Berg M. 2000. Provocation with stress and electricity of patients with "sensitivity to electricity". J Occup Environ Med 42(5):512-516.
24. Lyskov E, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K. 2001a. Neurophysiological study of patients with perceived 'electrical hypersensitivity'. Int J Psychophysiol 42(3):233-241.
25. Lyskov E, Sandström M, Mild K. 2001b. Provocation study of persons with perceived electrical hypersensitivity and controls using magnetic field exposure and recording of electrophysiological characteristics. Bioelectromagnetics 22(7):457-462.
26. Mayer M. 2002. Psychometrische Untersuchung von EMF-bezogenen Beschwerden [Diplomarbeit]. Regensburg: University of Regensburg. 112p.
27. Miller Mr, Mohrenweiser H, Bell D. 2001. Genetic variability in susceptibility and response to toxicants. Toxicol Letts 120(1-3):269-280.
28. Müller CH, Krüger H, Schierz C. 2002. Project NEMESIS: Perception of a 50 Hz electric and magnetic field at low intensities (laboratory experiment). Bioelectromagnetics 23(1):26-36.
29. Nelson CB, Kessler RC, Mroczek D. 2001. Scoring the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form. Geneva: World Health Organization.
30. Podd J, Abbott J, Kazantzis N, Rowland A. 2002. Brief exposure to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field: Effects on reaction time, accuracy and recognition memory. Bioelectromagnetics 23:189-195.
31. Rea WJ, Pan Y, Yenyves EJ, Sujisawa I, Samadi N, Ross GH. 1991. Electromagnetic field sensitivity. J Bioelectricity 10:241-256.
32. Rief W, Hiller W, Heuser J. 1997. SOMS das Screening für somatoforme Störungen. Manual. Bern: Huber.
33. Rossini P, Barker A, Berardelli A, Caramia M, Caruso G, Cracco R, Dimitrijevic M, Hallett M, Katayama Y, Lucking C. 1994. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 91(2):79-92.
34. Röösli M, Moser M, Meier M, Braun-Fahrländer C. 2003. Health symptoms associated with electromagnetic radiation-A questionnaire survey. Basle: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine. 8 p.
35. Sandström M, Lyskov E, Hornsten R, Hansson MK, Wiklund U, Rask P, Klucharev V, Stenberg B, Bjerle P. 2003. Holter ECG monitoring in patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity. Int J Psychophysiol 49(3):227-235.
36. Sastre A, Cook M, Graham C. 1998. Nocturnal exposure to intermittent 60 Hz magnetic fields alters human cardiac rhythm. Bioelectromagnetics 19(2):98-106.
37. Spurgeon A, Gompertz D, Harrington JM. 1996. Modifiers of nonspecific symptoms in occupational and environmental syndromes. Occup Environ Med 53:361-366.
38. Thier R, Golka K, Brüning T, Bolt HM. 1999. Genetische Suszeptibilität im Hinblick auf toxische Arbeitsplatz- und Umweltbelastungen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz 42(11):834-840.
39. Toomingas A. 1996. Provocation of the electromagnetic distress syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health 22(6):457-458.
40. Trimmel M, Schweiger E. 1998. Effects of an ELF (50 Hz, 1 mT) electromagnetic field (EMF) on concentration in visual attention, perception and memory including effects of EMF sensitivity. Toxicol Letts 96-97:377-382.
41. Wagner P, Röschke J, Mann K, Miller W, Frank C. 1998. Human sleep under the influence of pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: A polysomnographic study using standardized conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 19:199-202.
42. Wang T, Hawkins LH, Rea WJ. 1994. In: Simunic D, editor. Effects of ELF magnetic fields on patients with chemical sensitivities. COST 244. Graz: Karl-Franzens-Universität. pp 123-132.
43. Wassermann EM. 2002. Variation in the response to transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in the general population. Clin Neurophysiol 113:1165-1171.