The danger hypothesis applied to idiosyncratic drug reactions

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 235-242

  Séguin, Béatrice ^a   Uetrecht, Jack ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Danger; Hapten; Idiosyncratic drug reactions; Immunotoxicity; Reactive metabolites

Indexed keywords

DRUG; HAPTEN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION; ANIMAL MODEL; DANGER HYPOTHESIS; DANGER MODEL; DRUG MECHANISM; GENOMICS; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; IDIOSYNCRATIC DRUG REACTION; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE;

DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; HAPTENS; HUMANS; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL;

EID: 17944393027     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200308000-00001     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Goldstein RA, Patterson R. Drug allergy: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1984; 100:302-303.
2. Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events. Implications for prevention. ADE Prevention Study Group. JAMA 1995; 274:29-34.
3. Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 1998; 279:1200-1205.
4. Park BK, Pirmohamed M, Kitteringham NR. Role of drug disposition in drug hypersensitivity: a chemical, molecular, and clinical perspective. Chem Res Toxicol 1998; 11:969-988.
5. Park BK, Naisbitt DJ, Gordon SF, et al. Metabolic activation in drug allergies. Toxicology 2001; 158:11-23.
6. Uetrecht JP. Is it possible to more accurately predict which drug candidates will cause idiosyncratic drug reactions? Curr Drug Metab 2000; 1:133-141.
7. Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol 1994; 12:991-1045.
8. Burnet FM. The clonal selection of acquired immunity. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press; 1959.
9. Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar PB. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature 1953; 172:603-606.
10. Matzinger P. An innate sense of danger. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 961:341-342.
11. Bretscher P, Cohn M. A theory of self-nonself discrimination. Science 1970; 169:1042-1049.
12. Lafferty KJ, Cunningham AJ. A new analysis of allogeneic interactions. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1975; 53:27-42.
13. + T cells. J Immunol 1999; 162:3256-3262.
14. Janeway CA Jr. Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1989; 54:1-13.
15. Janeway CA Jr. The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Immunol Today 1992; 13:11-16.
16. Beg AA. Endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors: implications for regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Trends Immunol 2002; 23:509-512.
17. Vabulas RM, Wagner H, Schild H. Heat shock proteins as ligands of Toll-like receptors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2002; 270:169-184.
18. Inohara N, Nunez G. The NOD: a signaling module that regulates apoptosis and host defense against pathogens. Oncogene 2001; 20:6473-6481.
19. Landsteiner K, Jacobs J. Studies on the sensitization of animals with simple chemical compounds. J Exp Med 1935; 61:643-656.
20. Parker CW. Hapten immunology and allergic reactions in humans. Arthritis Rheum 1981; 24:1024-1036.
21. Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G, Alberti A, et al. Antibodies to the surface of halothane-altered rabbit hepatocytes in patients with severe halothane-associated hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1980; 303:66-71.
22. Kenna JG, Satoh H, Christ DD, Pohl LR. Metabolic basis for a drug hypersensitivity: antibodies in sera from patients with halothane hepatitis recognize liver neoantigens that contain the trifluoroacetyl group derived from halothane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 245:1103-1109.
23. Furst SM, Luedke D, Gandolfi AJ. Kupffer cells from halothane-exposed guinea pigs carry trifluoroacetylated protein adducts. Toxicology 1997; 120:119-132.
24. Bonierbale E, Valadon P, Pons C, et al. Opposite behaviors of reactive metabolites of tienilic acid and its isomer toward liver proteins: use of specific anti-tienilic acid-protein adduct antibodies and the possible relationship with different hepatotoxic effects of the two compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:286-296.
25. Pons C, Dansette PM, Amar C, et al. Detection of human hepatitis anti-liver kidney microsomes (LKM2) autoantibodies on rat liver sections is predominantly due to reactivity with rat liver P-450 IIC11. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 259:1328-1334.
26. Pichler WJ. Modes of presentation of chemical neoantigens to the immune system. Toxicology 2002; 181-182:49-54. This review and summarize clinical and experimental data that supports the p-i concept of drug presentation.
27. Matzinger P. Essay 1: the Danger model in its historical context. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:4-9.
28. Bessems JG, Vermeulen NP. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced toxicity: molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches. Crit Rev Toxicol 2001; 31:55-138.
29. Pumford NR, Hinson JA, Potter DW, et al. Immunochemical quantitation of 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in serum and liver proteins of acetaminophen-treated mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989; 248:190-196.
30. Wong IC, Mawer GE, Sander JW. Factors influencing the incidence of lamotrigine-related skin rash. Ann Pharmacother 1999; 33:1037-1042.
31. Cameron HA, Ramsay LE. The lupus syndrome induced by hydralazine: a common complication with low dose treatment. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 289:410-412.
32. Uetrecht JP. New concepts in immunology relevant to idiosyncratic drug reactions: the 'danger hypothesis' and innate immune system. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:387-395.
33. Njoku D, Laster MJ, Gong DH, et al. Biotransformation of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane to trifluoroacetylated liver proteins: association between protein acylation and hepatic injury. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:173-178.
34. Park BK, Coleman JW, Kitteringham NR. Drug disposition and drug hypersensitivity. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36:581-590.
35. Zinkernagel RM. Localization dose and time of antigens determine immune reactivity. Semin Immunol 2000; 12:163-171; discussion 257-344.
36. Zinkernagel RM, Ehl S, Aichele P, et al. Antigen localisation regulates immune responses in a dose- and time-dependent fashion: a geographical view of immune reactivity. Immunol Rev 1997; 156:199-209.
37. Pichler WJ, Zanni MP, von Greyerz S, et al. HLA-restricted, processing- and metabolism-independent pathway of drug recognition by human alpha beta T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:1591-1598.
38. Pichler WJ, von Greyerz S, Zanni MP, et al. Interaction of sulfonamide derivatives with the TCR of sulfamethoxazole- specific human alpha beta+ T cell clones. J Immunol 1999; 162:595-602.
39. Pirmohamed M, Naisbitt DJ, Gordon F, Park BK. The danger hypothesis: potential role in idiosyncratic drug reactions. Toxicology 2002; 181-182:55-63. This is a comprehensive review that discusses the relevance of reactive metabolite formation, covalent binding and danger to the mechanism of IDRs.
40. Gallucci S, Matzinger P. Danger signals: SOS to the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 2001; 13:114-119.
41. Shi Y, Zheng W, Rock KL. Cell injury releases endogenous adjuvants that stimulates cytotoxic T cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:14590-14595.
42. Vance RE. Cutting edge: cutting edge commentary: a Copernican revolution? Doubts about the danger theory. J Immunol 2000; 165:1725-1728.
43. Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 2002; 296:301-305. This is a comprehensive review of the danger model and how it relates to the SNS model.
44. Fearon DT. Seeking wisdom in innate immunity. Nature 1997; 388:323-324.
45. Wright R, Eade OE, Chisholm M, et al. Controlled prospective study of the effect on liver function of multiple exposures to halothane. Lancet 1975; 1:817-820.
46. Byrd RB, Horn BR, Solomon DA, Griggs GA. Toxic effects of isoniazid in tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis. Role of biochemical monitoring in 1,000 patients. JAMA 1979; 241:1239-1241.
47. Pichler WJ. Pharmacological interaction of drugs with antigen-specific immune receptors: the p-i concept. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 2:301-305. See Ref. [26].
48. Reilly TP, Ju C. Mechanistic perspectives on sulfonamide-induced cutaneous drug reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 2:307-315. This contains the most recent overview of what is known on sulfonamide-induced IDRs and their usefulness as models of other cutaneous IDRs.
49. Worlledge SM. Immune drug-induced hemolytic anemias. Semin Hematol 1973; 10:327-344.
50. Worlledge SM, Carstairs KC, Dacie JV. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with alpha-methyldopa therapy. Lancet 1966; 2:135-139.
51. Sullivan JR, Shear NH. The drug hypersensitivity syndrome: what is the pathogenesis? Arch Dermatol 2001; 137:357-364.
52. Ellrodt AG, Murata GH, Riedinger MS, et al. Severe neutropenia associated with sustained-release procainamide. Ann Intern Med 1984; 100:197-201.
53. Albert ML, Sauter B, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 1998; 392:86-89.
54. Matzinger P. An innate sense of danger. Semin Immunol 1998; 10:399-415.
55. Das U. A radical approach to cancer. Med Sci Monit 2002; 8:RA79-RA92.
56. Kovacic P, Wakelin LP. Review: DNA molecular electrostatic potential: novel perspectives for the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs involving electron transfer and oxidative stress. Anticancer Drug Des 2001; 16:175-184.
57. Cockey GH, Amann ST, Reents SB, Lynch JW Jr. Stevens-Johnson syndrome resulting from whole-brain radiation and phenytoin. Am J Clin Oncol 1996; 19:32-34.
58. Delattre JY, Safai B, Posner JB. Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in patients receiving cranial irradiation and phenytoin. Neurology 1988; 38:194-198.
59. Anderson HA, Englert R, Gursel I, Shacter E. Oxidative stress inhibits the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells that have externalized phosphatidylserine. Cell Death Differ 2002; 9:616-625.
60. Obermayer-Straub P, Manns MP. Cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases as hepatocellular autoantigens. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1996; 10:501-532.
61. Popovic M, Uetrecht J. Idiosyncratic drug reactions: investigating the role of the danger signal [abstract 1190]. Toxicologist 2003; 72:245.