The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change

Journal of Managerial Psychology

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 88-110

  Vakola, Maria ^a   Tsaousis, Ioannis ^b   Nikolaou, Ioannis ^a  

^a ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 17844372571     PISSN: 02683946     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/02683940410526082     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Armenakis, A. and Bedeian, A. (1999), “Organisational change: a review of theory and research in the 1990s”, Journal of Management, Vol. 25, pp. 293-315.
2. Armenakis, A.A., Harris, S.G. and Mossholder, K.W. (1993), “Creating readiness for organizational change”, Human Relations, Vol. 46, pp. 681-703.
3. Arnold, J., Cooper, C. and Robertson, I. (1995), Work Psychology: Understanding Human Behaviour in the Workplace, Pitman Publishing, London.
4. Bar-On, R. (1997), The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Technical Manual, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto.
5. Bar-On, R. (2001), “Emotional intelligence and self-actualization”, in Ed. Ciarrochi, J., Ed. Forgas, J.P. and Ed. Mayer, J.D. (Eds), Emotional Intelligence in Every Day Life: A Scientific Inquiry, Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 82-97.
6. Bar-On, R., Brown, J.M., Kirkcaldy, B.D. and Thome, E.P. (2000), “Emotional expression and implications for occupational stress; an application of the emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i)”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 28, pp. 1107-1118.
7. Barrick, M. and Mount, M. (1991), “The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis”, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 44, pp. 1-25.
8. Barrick, M., Mount, M. and Judge, T.A. (2001), “Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: what do we know and where do we go next?”, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Vol. 9, pp. 9-30.
9. Bartunek, J.M. (1984), “Changing interpretive schemes and organizational restructuring: the example of a religious order”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, pp. 355-372.
10. Beer, M. and Nohria, N. (2000), “Cracking the code of change”, Harvard Business Review, May/June, pp. 133-141.
11. Bovey, W.H. and Hede, A. (2001), “Resistance to organizational change: the role of cognitive and affective processes”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 372-382.
12. Bray, D.W. (1994), “Personnel-centred organizational diagnosis”, in Ed. Howard, A. et al. (Eds), Diagnosis for Organizational Change, Guilford Press, New York, NY, pp. 152-171.
13. Briner, R. (1999), “The neglect and importance of emotion at work”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 8, pp. 323-346.
14. Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. and Anderson, S. (2002), “Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 32, pp. 197-209.
15. Coch, L. and French, J. (1948), “Overcoming resistance to change”, Human Relations, Vol. 1, pp. 512-532.
16. Cooper, R.K. (1997), “Applying emotional intelligence in the workplace”, Training and Development, Vol. 51, pp. 31-38.
17. Cooper, R.K. and Sawaf, A. (1997), Executive EQ: Emotional Intelligence in Leadership and Organizations, Grosset/Putnam, New York, NY.
18. Cordery, J., Sevastos, P., Mueller, W. and Parker, S. (1993), “Correlates of employee attitudes toward functional flexibility”, Human Relations, Vol. 46, pp. 705-723.
19. Cordery, J., Bartol, K.M., Mueller, W. and Parker, S. (1991), “Mutliskilling: the views of public sector human resource managers”, Asia Pacific HRM, Vol. 29, pp. 79-89.
20. Costa, P. (1996), “Work and personality: use of the NEO-PI-R in industrial/organisational psychology”, Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 45, pp. 225-241.
21. Costa, P.T. and McCrae, R.R. (1992), NEO PI-R Professional Manual, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
22. De Fruyt, F. and Salgado, J.F. (2003), “Applied personality psychology: lessons learned from the IWO field”, European Journal of Personality, Vol. 17, pp. 123-131.
23. Decker, D., Wheeler, G., Johnson, J. and Parsons, R. (2001), “Effect of organisational change on the individual”, Employee Health Care Management, Vol. 19, pp. 1-12.
24. Downing, S.J. (1997), “Learning the plot: emotional momentum in search of dramatic logic”, Management Learning, Vol. 28, pp. 27-44.
25. Dulewicz, V. and Higgs, M. (1998), “Emotional intelligence: can it be measured reliably and validly using competency data?”, Competency, Vol. 6.
26. Dulewicz, V. and Higgs, M. (2000), “Emotional intelligence”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 15, pp. 341-373.
27. Dulewicz, V., Higgs, M. and Slaski, M. (2003), “Measuring emotional intelligence: content and construct and criterion-related validity”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 18, pp. 405-420.
28. Dunham, R.B., Grube, J.A., Gardner, D.G., Cummings, L.L. and Pierce, J.L. (1989), “The development of an attitude toward change instrument”, paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
29. Eby, L.T., Adams, D.M., Russell, J.E.A. and Gaby, S.H. (2000), “Perceptions of organizational readiness for change: factors related to employees’ reactions to the implementation of team-based selling”, Human Relations, Vol. 53, pp. 419-442.
30. Elizur, D. and Guttman, L. (1976), “The structure of attitudes toward work and technological change within an organization”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 21, pp. 611-623.
31. Fiol, C.M. and O'Connor, E.J. (2002), “When hot and cold collide in radical change processes: lessons from community development”, Organization Science, Vol. 13, pp. 532-547.
32. Fitness, J. (2001), “Emotional intelligence and intimate relationships”, in Ed. Ciarrochi, J., Ed. Forgas, J.P. and Ed. Mayer, J.D. (Eds), Emotional Intelligence in Every Day Life: A Scientific Inquiry, Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 98-112.
33. Flury, J. and Ickes, W. (2001), “Emotional intelligence and empathetic accuracy”, in Ed. Ciarrochi, J., Ed. Forgas, J.P. and Ed. Mayer, J.D. (Eds), Emotional Intelligence in Every Day Life: A Scientific Inquiry, Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 113-132.
34. Fox, S. and Spector, P.E. (2000), “Relations of emotional intelligence, practical intelligence, general intelligence, and trait affectivity with interview outcomes: it's not all just ‘G’”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21, pp. 203-220.
35. George, J.M. and Jones, G.R. (2001), “Towards a process model of individual change in organizations”, Human Relations, Vol. 54, pp. 419-444.
36. Gilmore, T.N. and Barnett, C. (1992), “Designing the social architecture of participation in large groups to effect organizational change”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 28, pp. 534-548.
37. Goldberg, L. (1990), “An alternative ‘description of personality’: the big five factor structure”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 1216-1229.
38. Goleman, D. (1995), Emotional Intelligence, Bantam, New York, NY.
39. Goleman, D. (1998a), Working with Emotional Intelligence, Bantam, New York, NY.
40. Goleman, D. (1998b), “What makes a leader?”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 76, pp. 93-102.
41. Grant, P. (1996), “Supporting transition: how managers can help themselves and others during times of change”, Organizations and People, Vol. 3, p. 4.
42. Henderson-Loney, J. (1996), “Tuckman and tears: developing teams during profound organizational change”, Supervision, Vol. 57, p. 5.
43. Higgs, M. and Rowland, D. (2002), “Does it need emotional intelligence to lead change?”, Journal of General Management, Vol. 27, pp. 62-76.
44. Huy, Q.N. (1999), “Emotional capability, emotional intelligence, and radical change”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 24, pp. 325-345.
45. Iverson, R.D. (1996), “Employee acceptance of organizational change: the role of organizational commitment”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 7, pp. 122-149.
46. John, O. (1990), “The ‘big five’ factor taxonomy: dimension of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires”, in Ed. Pervin, L.A. (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
47. Jordan, P.J., Ashkanasy, N.M. and Hartel, C.E. (2002), “Emotional intelligence as a moderator of emotional and behavioral reactions to job insecurity”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 27, pp. 361-372.
48. Judge, T.A., Thoresen, C.J., Pucik, V. and Welbourne, T.M. (1999), “Managerial coping with organizational change: a dispositional perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 84, pp. 107-122.
49. King, N. and Anderson, N. (1995), Innovation and Change in Organisations, Routledge, London.
50. Kotter, J.P. (1996), “Leading change: why transformation efforts fail”, Harvard Business Review on Change, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
51. Kubler-Ross, E. (1969), On Death and Dying, Touchstone, New York, NY.
52. Lau, C.M. and Woodman, R.W. (1995), “Understanding organizational change – a schematic perspective”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, pp. 537-554.
53. McCrae, R. and Costa, P. (1986), “Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 54, pp. 385-405.
54. McCrae, R. and Costa, P. (1997), “Personality trait structure as a human universal”, American Psychologist, Vol. 52, pp. 509-516.
55. McCrae, R. and John, O. (1992), “An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 60, pp. 175-215.
56. Martin, M. (1998), “Trust leadership”, Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 41-48.
57. Mayer, J.D. and Salovey, P. (1997), “What is emotional intelligence?”, in Ed. Salovey, P. and Ed. Sluyter, D. (Eds), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications for Educators, Basic Books, New York, NY, pp. 3-31.
58. Mayer, J.D., Caruso, D.R. and Salovey, P. (2000), “Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence”, Intelligence, Vol. 27, pp. 267-298.
59. Mossholder, K., Seton, R., Armenakis, A. and Harris, S. (2000), “Emotion during organizational transformations”, Group & Organization Management, Vol. 25, pp. 220-243.
60. Mount, M., Barrick, M. and Strauss, P. (1994), “Validity of observer ratings of the big five personality factors”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, pp. 272-280.
61. Nikolaou, I. and Tsaousis, I. (2002), “Emotional intelligence in the workplace: exploring its effects on occupational stress and organisational commitment”, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 10, pp. 327-342.
62. O'Neill, H.M. and Lenn, D.J. (1995), “Voices of survivors: words that downsizing CEOs should hear”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 9, pp. 23-34.
63. Ones, D.S. and Viswesvaran, C. (1996), “Bandwidth-fidelity dilemma in personality measurement for personnel selection”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 7, pp. 609-626.
64. Palmer, B., Donaldson, C. and Stough, C. (2002), “Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 33, pp. 1091-1100.
65. Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z. and Stough, C. (2000), “Emotional intelligence and effective leadership”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 5-11.
66. Perlman, D. and Takacs, G.J. (1990), “The ten stages of change”, Nursing Management, Vol. 21, p. 33.
67. Piderit, S.K. (2000), “Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, pp. 783-794.
68. Piedmont, R.L. and Weinstein, H.P. (1994), “Predicting supervisor ratings of job performance using the NEO personality inventory”, Journal of Psychology, Vol. 128, pp. 255-265.
69. Prati, L.M., Douglas, C., Ferris, G.R., Ammeter, A.P. and Buckley, M.R. (2003), “Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes”, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 11, pp. 21-40.
70. Regar, R., Mullane, J., Gustafson, L. and DeMarie, H.S. (1994), “Creating earthquakes to change organisational mindsets”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 8, pp. 31-46.
71. Rice, C.L. (1999), “A quantitative study of emotional intelligence and its impact on team performance”, unpublished master's thesis, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.
72. Rush, M., Schoel, W. and Barnard, S. (1994), “Psychological resiliency in the public sector: ‘hardiness’ and pressure for change”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 46, pp. 1-22.
73. Salgado, J.F. (1997), “The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, pp. 30-43.
74. Salgado, J.F. (2003), “Predicting job performance with FFM-based and non-FFM-based personality inventories”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 76, pp. 323-346.
75. Salovey, P. and Mayer, J.D. (1990), “Emotional intelligence”, Imagination, Cognition and Personality, Vol. 9, pp. 185-211.
76. Salovey, P., Bedell, B.T., Detweiler, J.B. and Mayer, J.D. (2000), “Current directions in emotional intelligence research”, in Ed. Lewis, M. and Ed. Haviland-Jones, J.M. (Eds), Handbook of Emotions, 2nd ed., The Guilford Press, New York, NY, pp. 504-520.
77. Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D., Goldman, S.L., Turvery, C. and Palfai, T.P. (1995), “Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the trait meta-mood scale”, in Ed. Pennebaker, J.W. (Ed.), Emotion, Disclosure, and Health, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp. 125-154.
78. Saucier, G., Hampson, S.E. and Goldberg, L. (in press), “Cross-languages studies of lexical personality factors”, in Ed. Hampson, S.E. (Ed.), Advances in Personality Psychology, Vol. 1, Routledge, London.
79. Schalk, R., Campbell, J.W. and Freese, C. (1998), “Change and employee behaviour”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 157-163.
80. Schein, E.H. (1992), Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
81. Schutte, N.S., Malouff, J.M., Hall, L.E., Haggerty, D.J., Cooper, J.T., Golden, C.J. and Dornheim, L. (1998), “Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 25, pp. 167-177.
82. Schweiger, D.M. and DeNisi, A.S. (1991), “Communication with employees following a merger: a longitudinal field experiment”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34, pp. 110-135.
83. Secord, P. and Beckman, C. (1969), Social Psychology, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
84. Slaski, M. and Cartwright, S. (2002), “Health, performance and emotional intelligence: an exploratory study of retail managers”, Stress and Health, Vol. 18, pp. 63-68.
85. Steiner, C. (1997), Achieving Emotional Literacy, Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
86. Strebel, P. (1996), “Why do employees resist change?”, Harvard Business Review on Change, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
87. Taylor, G.J. (2001), “Low emotional intelligence and mental health”, in Ed. Ciarrochi, J., Ed. Forgas, J.P. and Ed. Mayer, J.D. (Eds), Low Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health, Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 67-81.
88. Tett, R., Jackson, D. and Rothstein, M. (1991), “Personality measures as predictors of job performance: a meta-analytic review”, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 44, pp. 703-742.
89. Trader-Leigh, W. (2002), “Resistance to organisational change: the role of cognitive and affective processes”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 372-382.
90. Tsaousis, I. (1999), “The traits personality questionnaire (TPQue): a Greek measure for the five factor model”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 26, pp. 271-283.
91. Tsaousis, I. (2003), “Measuring emotional intelligence: development and psychometric characteristics of the emotional intelligence questionnaire (EIQ)”, manuscript submitted for publication.
92. Tsaousis, I. and Kerpelis, P. (in press), “The traits personality questionnaire 5 (TPQue5): psychometric properties of a shortened version of a big five measure”, European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
93. Tsaousis, I., Vakola, M. and Nikolaou, I. (2003), “Development and psychometric properties of a questionnaire measuring attitudes to organizational change”, unpublished manuscript.
94. Van der Zee, K., Thijs, M. and Schakel, L. (2002), “The relationship of emotional intelligence with academic intelligence and the big five”, European Journal of Personality, Vol. 16, pp. 103-125.
95. Vince, R. and Broussine, M. (1996), “Paradox, defence and attachment: accessing and working with emotions and relations underlying organizational change”, Organization Studies, Vol. 17, pp. 1-21.
96. Walsh, J.P. (1995), “Managerial and organisational cognition: notes from a trip down memory lane”, Organization Science, Vol. 6, pp. 280-321.
97. Wanberg, C.R. and Banas, J.T. (2000), “Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, pp. 132-142.
98. Weber, P.S. and Weber, J.E. (2001), “Changes in employee perceptions during organizational change”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 291-300.
99. Weisinger, H. (1998), Emotional Intelligence at Work, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.