Rapid manufacturing of rhenium components using EB-PVD

Rapid Prototyping Journal

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 66-73

  Prabhu, Vittal V ^a   Fuke, Indraneel V ^a   Singh, Jogender ^a   Cho, Sohyung ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

Finite element analysis; Jets; Motion

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; ELECTRON BEAMS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GRAPHITE; MOTION PLANNING; PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; RAPID PROTOTYPING;

GRAPHITE MANDREL; RAPID MANUFACTURING; RAY CASTING ALGORITHM; VAPOR PLUMES;

RHENIUM;

EID: 17744372874     PISSN: 13552546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/13552540510589421     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Anklam, T.M., Berzins, L.V., Braun, D.G., Haynam, C., Meier, T. and McClelland, M.A. (1995), “Evaporation rate and composition monitoring of electron beam physical vapor deposition processes”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 76-77, pp. 681-6.
2. Azad, F.H. (1998), “Dynamic model for simulation of heat transfer, vaporization, vapor transport, and deposition in EB-PVD process”, NASA Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop, pp. 157-69.
3. Beele, W., Marijnissen, G. and van Lieshout, A. (1999), “The evolution of thermal barrier coatings – status and upcoming solutions for today's key issues”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 120-121, pp. 61-7.
4. Berzins, L.V., Anklam, T.M., Chambers, F., Galanti, S., Haynam, C.A. and Worden, E.F. (1995), “Diode laser absorption spectroscopy for process control – sensor system design methodology”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 76-77, pp. 675-80.
5. Bose, S. and DeMasi-Marcin, J. (1997), “Thermal barrier coating experience in gas turbine engines at Pratt & Whitney”, ASM Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 6, pp. 99-104.
6. Cho, S., Fuke, I. and Prabhu, V.V. (2005), “Motion planning for coating process optimization in electron beam physical vapor deposition”, accepted for publication in, Surface Engineering.
7. Crocker, J.E., Harrison, S., Sun, L-C., Shaw, L. and Marcus, H. (1998), “Using SALDVI and SALD with multi-material structures”, JOM, Vol. 50 No. 12, pp. 21-3.
8. Dai, K., Croker, J.E., Shaw, L.L. and Marcus, H.L. (2003), “Thermal modeling of selective area laser deposition (SALD) and SALD vapor infiltration of silicon carbide”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 231-9.
9. Duchart, W., Lodz, H., Frolich, K. and Holzmann, H. (1946) in Ed. Hensel, F. (Ed.), Rhenium, Fiat Final Report No. 697, US Office of Military Government for Germany.
10. Fancey, K.S. and Matthews, A. (1993), “Coating thickness fall-off with source to substrate distance in PVD processes”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 59, pp. 113-16.
11. Fuke, I., Prabhu, V.V. and Baek, S. (2005), “Computational models for predicting coating thickness in electron beam physical vapor deposition”, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, in review.
12. Graper, E.B. (1973), “Distribution and apparent source geometry of electron-beam-heated evaporation sources”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 100-3.
13. Glang, R. (1976), “Evaporation theory”, in Ed. Maissel, L.I. and Ed. Glang, R. (Eds), Handbook of Thin Film Technology, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, pp. 26-36.
14. Griffiths, A. (1996), “Rapid prototyping – fact or fiction”, Material World, Vol. 4 No. 4.
15. Groves, J.F. (1998), “Directed vapor deposition”, PhD dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
16. Halan, W.K. and Lee, D. (1983), “Electron beam physical vapor deposition process for coating gas turbine airfoils”, in Ed. Singhal, S.C. (Ed.), High-Temperature Protective Coatings, Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, PA, pp. 3-12.
17. Hill, R.J. (1986), Physical vapor deposition, Temescal, Berkeley, CA.
18. James, A.S., Young, S.J. and Matthews, A. (1995), “An investigation into the use of a simple model for thickness uniformity on horizontal surfaces to describe thickness variations on vertical substrates”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 74-75, pp. 306-11.
19. Lewis, A.S., Brown, S.D. and Tutwiler, R.L. (2000), “A unified control approach for an electron beam physical vapor deposition process”, International Journal of Robotics & Automation, Vol. 15 No. 3.
20. Motohiro, T. (1986), “Applications of Monte Carlo simulation in the analysis of sputter-deposition process”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 189-95.
21. Pugh, J.W. (1958), “Refractory metals: tungsten, tantalum, columbium, and rhenium”, AIME Journal of Metals, pp. 212-335.
22. Reinhold, E., Deus, C., Wenzel, B.D. and Wolkers, L. (1999), “EB-preheating of turbine blades – the completion of EB-technology for thermal barrier coating”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 111, pp. 10-15.
23. Rickerby, D.S. and Matthews, A. (Eds) (1991), Advanced Surface Coatings: A Handbook of Surface Engineering, Chapman & Hall, New York, NY.
24. Rigney, D.V., Viguie, R., Wortman, D.J. and Skelly, D.W. (1997), “PVD thermal barrier coating applications and process development for aircraft engines”, ASM Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 6, pp. 167-75.
25. Sherman, A.J., Tuffias, R.H. and Kaplan, R.B. (1991), “The properties and applications of rhenium procuded by CVD”, JOM: The Member Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, pp. 20-3.
26. Simon, D. and Pal, U. (1999), “Mathematical modeling of a melt pool driven by an electron beam”, Metallurgical and Material Transactions B, Vol. 30B, pp. 515-25.
27. Sims, C.T., Wyler, E.N., Gaines, G.B. and Rosenbaum, D.M. (1956), “A survey of the literature on rhenium”, WADC-TR-56-319, Wright Air Development Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH.
28. Singh, J. and Wolfe, E.D. (2002), “Net shape rhenium fabrication by EB-PVD”, Advanced Materials and Processes, Vol. 160 No. 4, pp. 39-42.
29. Swann, S., Collett, S.A. and Scarlett, I.R. (1990), “Film thickness distribution control with off-axis circular magnetorn sources onto rotating substrate holders: comparison of computer simulation with practical results”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 1299-303.
30. Tsai, M.H., Sun, S.C., Chiu, H.T., Tsai, C.E. and Chuang, S.H. (1995), “Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of tantalum nitride by tertbutylimidortris – (diethylamido) tantalum for advanced metallization”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 67, pp. 1128-33.
31. Upadhye, R.S., Kong, M.K. and Hsieh, E.J. (1988), “Analysis of sputter coating uniformly by computer modeling”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 1891-2.
32. Fuke, I.V. (2000), “Intelligent automation of electron beam physical vapor deposition”, MS thesis, August 2000, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA.
33. Singh, J. (1996), “Ion-beam assisted, electron beam physical vapor deposition”, ASM Journal, Vol. 12, pp. 27-28.