메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 179, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 317-335

Predictors and markers of clozapine response

Author keywords

Clozapine response; Markers; Predictors; Treatment resistant schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOZAPINE; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; FLUPHENAZINE; HALOPERIDOL; HEXAMETHYLPROPYLENE AMINE OXIME TECHNETIUM TC 99M; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NORCLOZAPINE; OLANZAPINE; PERPHENAZINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; THIORIDAZINE; TIOTIXENE; TRIFLUOPERAZINE;

EID: 17644409702     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-2174-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (164)
  • 1
    • 0024461513 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-pharmacokinetic investigations and biochemical effects in man
    • Berl
    • Ackenheil M (1989) Clozapine-pharmacokinetic investigations and biochemical effects in man. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99 (Suppl):S32-S37
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Ackenheil, M.1
  • 2
    • 0019995306 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanisms involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia
    • Adler LE, Pachtman E, Franks RD, Pecevich M, Waldo MC, Freedman R (1982) Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanisms involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 17:639-654
    • (1982) Biol Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 639-654
    • Adler, L.E.1    Pachtman, E.2    Franks, R.D.3    Pecevich, M.4    Waldo, M.C.5    Freedman, R.6
  • 4
    • 0042882523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of clozapine and haloperidol treatment response to prefrontal, hippocampal, and caudate brain volumes
    • Arango C, Breier A, McMahon R, Carpenter WT Jr, Buchanan RW (2003) The relationship of clozapine and haloperidol treatment response to prefrontal, hippocampal, and caudate brain volumes. Am J Psychiatry 160:1421-1427
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1421-1427
    • Arango, C.1    Breier, A.2    McMahon, R.3    Carpenter Jr., W.T.4    Buchanan, R.W.5
  • 7
    • 0032217288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine-2 receptor gene and clozapine response
    • Arranz MJ, Li T, Munro J, Liu X, Murray R, Collier DA, Kerwin RW (1998a) Lack of association between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine-2 receptor gene and clozapine response. Pharmacogenetics 8:481-484
    • (1998) Pharmacogenetics , vol.8 , pp. 481-484
    • Arranz, M.J.1    Li, T.2    Munro, J.3    Liu, X.4    Murray, R.5    Collier, D.A.6    Kerwin, R.W.7
  • 8
    • 0031963472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for association between polymorphisms in the promoter and coding regions of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and response to clozapine
    • Arranz MJ, Munro J, Owen MJ, Spurlock G, Sham PC, Zhao J, Kirov G, Collier DA, Kerwin RW (1998b) Evidence for association between polymorphisms in the promoter and coding regions of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and response to clozapine. Mol Psychiatry 3:61-66
    • (1998) Mol Psychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 61-66
    • Arranz, M.J.1    Munro, J.2    Owen, M.J.3    Spurlock, G.4    Sham, P.C.5    Zhao, J.6    Kirov, G.7    Collier, D.A.8    Kerwin, R.W.9
  • 10
    • 0035202032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter receptor variants and their influence on antipsychotic treatment
    • Arranz MJ, Mancama D, Kerwin RW (2001) Neurotransmitter receptor variants and their influence on antipsychotic treatment. Int J Mol Med 7:27-30
    • (2001) Int J Mol Med , vol.7 , pp. 27-30
    • Arranz, M.J.1    Mancama, D.2    Kerwin, R.W.3
  • 11
    • 0029927057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia: Results of a prospective study
    • Bailer J, Brauer W, Rey ER (1996) Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia: results of a prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93:368-377
    • (1996) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.93 , pp. 368-377
    • Bailer, J.1    Brauer, W.2    Rey, E.R.3
  • 12
    • 0017804774 scopus 로고
    • Alterations of cerebral fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and total blood serotonin content during clozapine treatment
    • Berl
    • Banki CM (1978) Alterations of cerebral fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and total blood serotonin content during clozapine treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 56:195-198
    • (1978) Psychopharmacology , vol.56 , pp. 195-198
    • Banki, C.M.1
  • 14
    • 0012820694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association analysis of the 5-HT5A gene in depression, psychosis and antipsychotic response
    • Birkett JT, Arranz MJ, Munro J, Osbourn S, Kerwin RW, Collier DA (2000) Association analysis of the 5-HT5A gene in depression, psychosis and antipsychotic response. NeuroReport 11:2017-2020
    • (2000) NeuroReport , vol.11 , pp. 2017-2020
    • Birkett, J.T.1    Arranz, M.J.2    Munro, J.3    Osbourn, S.4    Kerwin, R.W.5    Collier, D.A.6
  • 19
    • 0027983575 scopus 로고
    • Stability of neurological signs with clozapine treatment
    • Buchanan RW, Koeppl P, Breier A (1994a) Stability of neurological signs with clozapine treatment. Biol Psychiatry 36:198-200
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 198-200
    • Buchanan, R.W.1    Koeppl, P.2    Breier, A.3
  • 20
    • 0028149927 scopus 로고
    • The comparative efficacy and long-term effect of clozapine treatment on neuropsychological test performance
    • Buchanan RW, Holstein C, Breier A (1994b) The comparative efficacy and long-term effect of clozapine treatment on neuropsychological test performance. Biol Psychiatry 36:717-725
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 717-725
    • Buchanan, R.W.1    Holstein, C.2    Breier, A.3
  • 21
    • 0023128740 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography studies of basal ganglia and somatosensory cortex neuroleptic drug effects: Differences between normal controls and schizophrenic patients
    • Buchsbaum MS, Wu JC, DeLisi LE, Holcomb HH, Hazlett E, Cooper-Langston K, Kessler R (1987) Positron emission tomography studies of basal ganglia and somatosensory cortex neuroleptic drug effects: differences between normal controls and schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 22:479-494
    • (1987) Biol Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 479-494
    • Buchsbaum, M.S.1    Wu, J.C.2    DeLisi, L.E.3    Holcomb, H.H.4    Hazlett, E.5    Cooper-Langston, K.6    Kessler, R.7
  • 23
    • 0033397677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome P450 and therapeutic drug monitoring with respect to clozapine
    • Buur-Rasmussen B, Brøsen K (1999) Cytochrome P450 and therapeutic drug monitoring with respect to clozapine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9:453-459
    • (1999) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 453-459
    • Buur-Rasmussen, B.1    Brøsen, K.2
  • 24
    • 0034987259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ziprasidone, a new atypical antipsychotic drug
    • Carnahan RM, Lund BC, Perry PJ (2001) Ziprasidone, a new atypical antipsychotic drug. Pharmacotherapy 21:717-730
    • (2001) Pharmacotherapy , vol.21 , pp. 717-730
    • Carnahan, R.M.1    Lund, B.C.2    Perry, P.J.3
  • 27
    • 0028963319 scopus 로고
    • Caudate nuclei volumes in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotics or clozapine
    • Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Bilder R, Ashtari M (1995) Caudate nuclei volumes in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotics or clozapine. Lancet 345:456-457
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 456-457
    • Chakos, M.H.1    Lieberman, J.A.2    Alvir, J.3    Bilder, R.4    Ashtari, M.5
  • 28
    • 0035065899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Chakos M, Lieberman J, Hoffman E, Bradford D, Sheitman B (2001) Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry 158:518-526
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 518-526
    • Chakos, M.1    Lieberman, J.2    Hoffman, E.3    Bradford, D.4    Sheitman, B.5
  • 29
    • 0034108937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A five-year longitudinal study of the regional cerebral metabolic changes of a schizophrenic patient from the first episode using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT
    • Chen RY, Chen E, Ho WY (2000) A five-year longitudinal study of the regional cerebral metabolic changes of a schizophrenic patient from the first episode using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 250:69-72
    • (2000) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.250 , pp. 69-72
    • Chen, R.Y.1    Chen, E.2    Ho, W.Y.3
  • 30
    • 0030902943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain metabolic patterns of clozapine- and fluphenazine-treated patients with schizophrenia during a continuous performance task
    • Cohen RM, Nordahl TE, Semple WE, Andreason P, Litman RE, Pickar D (1997) The brain metabolic patterns of clozapine- and fluphenazine-treated patients with schizophrenia during a continuous performance task. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:481-486
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 481-486
    • Cohen, R.M.1    Nordahl, T.E.2    Semple, W.E.3    Andreason, P.4    Litman, R.E.5    Pickar, D.6
  • 31
    • 0032828614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain metabolic patterns of clozapine- and fluphenazine-treated female patients with schizophrenia: Evidence of a sex effect
    • Cohen RM, Nordahl TE, Semple WE, Pickar D (1999) The brain metabolic patterns of clozapine- and fluphenazine-treated female patients with schizophrenia: evidence of a sex effect. Neuropsychopharmacology 21:632-640
    • (1999) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.21 , pp. 632-640
    • Cohen, R.M.1    Nordahl, T.E.2    Semple, W.E.3    Pickar, D.4
  • 32
    • 0032812432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudate size in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients measured using an artificial neural network
    • Corson PW, Nopoulos P, Andreasen NC, Heckel D, Arndt S (1999) Caudate size in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients measured using an artificial neural network. Biol Psychiatry 46:712-720
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 712-720
    • Corson, P.W.1    Nopoulos, P.2    Andreasen, N.C.3    Heckel, D.4    Arndt, S.5
  • 33
    • 0027461574 scopus 로고
    • Treatment with clozapine and its effect on plasma homovanillic acid and norepinephrine concentrations in schizophrenia
    • Davidson M, Kahn RS, Stern RG, Hirschowitz J, Apter S, Knott P, Davis KL (1993) Treatment with clozapine and its effect on plasma homovanillic acid and norepinephrine concentrations in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 46:151-163
    • (1993) Psychiatry Res , vol.46 , pp. 151-163
    • Davidson, M.1    Kahn, R.S.2    Stern, R.G.3    Hirschowitz, J.4    Apter, S.5    Knott, P.6    Davis, K.L.7
  • 34
    • 0036898975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the time course of clozapine response correlated to the time course of clozapine plasma levels? A one-year prospective study in drug-resistant patients with schizophrenia
    • Fabrazzo M, La Pia S, Monteleone P, Esposito G, Pinto A, De Simone L, Bencivenga R, Maj M (2002) Is the time course of clozapine response correlated to the time course of clozapine plasma levels? A one-year prospective study in drug-resistant patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 27: 1050-1055
    • (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.27 , pp. 1050-1055
    • Fabrazzo, M.1    La Pia, S.2    Monteleone, P.3    Esposito, G.4    Pinto, A.5    De Simone, L.6    Bencivenga, R.7    Maj, M.8
  • 35
    • 0027456448 scopus 로고
    • Can clozapine response be predicted? A naturalistic pilot study
    • Fenton WS, Lee B (1993) Can clozapine response be predicted? A naturalistic pilot study. J Nerv Ment Dis 181:62-64
    • (1993) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.181 , pp. 62-64
    • Fenton, W.S.1    Lee, B.2
  • 36
    • 0032978562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine: A comparison with other novel antipsychotics
    • Fleischhacker WW (1999) Clozapine: a comparison with other novel antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 60(Suppl 12):30-34
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.12 SUPPL. , pp. 30-34
    • Fleischhacker, W.W.1
  • 37
    • 0031774666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms and biogenic amines as predictors of treatment response in schizophrenic illnesses in childhood and adolescence
    • Fleischhaker C, Schulz E, Remschmidt H (1998) Depressive symptoms and biogenic amines as predictors of treatment response in schizophrenic illnesses in childhood and adolescence. Z Kinder- Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 26:235-243
    • (1998) Z Kinder- Jugendpsychiatr Psychother , vol.26 , pp. 235-243
    • Fleischhaker, C.1    Schulz, E.2    Remschmidt, H.3
  • 39
    • 0030944756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-induced electroencephalogram changes as a function of clozapine serum levels
    • Freudenreich O, Weiner RD, McEvoy JP (1997) Clozapine-induced electroencephalogram changes as a function of clozapine serum levels. Biol Psychiatry 42:132-137
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 132-137
    • Freudenreich, O.1    Weiner, R.D.2    McEvoy, J.P.3
  • 40
    • 0025797260 scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal sulcal prominence is inversely related to response to clozapine in schizophrenia
    • Friedman L, Knutson L, Shurell M, Meltzer HY (1991) Prefrontal sulcal prominence is inversely related to response to clozapine in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 29:865-877
    • (1991) Biol Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 865-877
    • Friedman, L.1    Knutson, L.2    Shurell, M.3    Meltzer, H.Y.4
  • 42
    • 0034598111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: Systematic overview and meta-regression analysis
    • Geddes J, Freemantle N, Harrison P, Bebbington P (2000) Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 321:1371-1376
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Geddes, J.1    Freemantle, N.2    Harrison, P.3    Bebbington, P.4
  • 43
    • 2942737059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of concomitant psychotropic medication use during a 2-year study comparing clozapine and olanzapine for the prevention of suicidal behavior
    • Glick ID, Zaninelli R, Hsu C, Young FK, Weiss L, Gunay I, Kumar V (2004) Patterns of concomitant psychotropic medication use during a 2-year study comparing clozapine and olanzapine for the prevention of suicidal behavior. J Clin Psychiatry 65:679-685
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 679-685
    • Glick, I.D.1    Zaninelli, R.2    Hsu, C.3    Young, F.K.4    Weiss, L.5    Gunay, I.6    Kumar, V.7
  • 47
    • 2542472527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-induced QEEG changes correlate with clinical response in schizophrenic patients: A prospective, longitudinal study
    • Gross A, Joutsiniemi SL, Rimon R, Appelberg B (2004) Clozapine-induced QEEG changes correlate with clinical response in schizophrenic patients: a prospective, longitudinal study. Pharmacopsychiatry 37:119-122
    • (2004) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 119-122
    • Gross, A.1    Joutsiniemi, S.L.2    Rimon, R.3    Appelberg, B.4
  • 49
    • 0027524707 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine
    • Hagger C, Buckley P, Kenny JT, Friedman L, Ubogy D, Meltzer HY (1993) Improvement in cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine. Biol Psychiatry 34:702-712
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 702-712
    • Hagger, C.1    Buckley, P.2    Kenny, J.T.3    Friedman, L.4    Ubogy, D.5    Meltzer, H.Y.6
  • 51
    • 0027740188 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between clinical efficacy and clozapine concentrations in plasma in schizophrenia: Effect of smoking
    • Hasegawa M, Gutierrez-Esteinou R, Way L, Meltzer HY (1993) Relationship between clinical efficacy and clozapine concentrations in plasma in schizophrenia: effect of smoking. J Clin Psychopharmacol 13:383-390
    • (1993) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 383-390
    • Hasegawa, M.1    Gutierrez-Esteinou, R.2    Way, L.3    Meltzer, H.Y.4
  • 53
    • 0030272374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of clozapine on symptom reduction, neurocognitive function, and clinical management in treatment-refractory state hospital schizophrenic inpatients
    • Hoff AL, Faustman WO, Wieneke M, Espinoza S, Costa M, Wolkowitz O, Csernansky JG (1996) The effects of clozapine on symptom reduction, neurocognitive function, and clinical management in treatment-refractory state hospital schizophrenic inpatients. Neuropsychopharmacology 15:361-369
    • (1996) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.15 , pp. 361-369
    • Hoff, A.L.1    Faustman, W.O.2    Wieneke, M.3    Espinoza, S.4    Costa, M.5    Wolkowitz, O.6    Csernansky, J.G.7
  • 56
    • 0035703938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association analysis for NMDA receptor subunit 2B (GRIN2B) genetic variants and psychopathology and clozapine response in schizophrenia
    • Hong CJ, Yu YW, Lin CH, Cheng CY, Tsai SJ (2001) Association analysis for NMDA receptor subunit 2B (GRIN2B) genetic variants and psychopathology and clozapine response in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 11:219-222
    • (2001) Psychiatr Genet , vol.11 , pp. 219-222
    • Hong, C.J.1    Yu, Y.W.2    Lin, C.H.3    Cheng, C.Y.4    Tsai, S.J.5
  • 57
    • 0347380124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study of a brain-derived neurotrophic-factor genetic polymorphism and mood disorders, age of onset and suicidal behavior
    • Hong CJ, Huo SJ, Yen FC, Tung CL, Pan GM, Tsai SJ (2003) Association study of a brain-derived neurotrophic-factor genetic polymorphism and mood disorders, age of onset and suicidal behavior. Neuropsychobiology 48:186-189
    • (2003) Neuropsychobiology , vol.48 , pp. 186-189
    • Hong, C.J.1    Huo, S.J.2    Yen, F.C.3    Tung, C.L.4    Pan, G.M.5    Tsai, S.J.6
  • 58
    • 0024426815 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of response to clozapine therapy
    • Berl
    • Honigfeld G, Patin J (1989) Predictors of response to clozapine therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99(Suppl):S64-S67
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Honigfeld, G.1    Patin, J.2
  • 61
    • 0037216555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive effects and antipsychotic treatment
    • Kasper S, Resinger E (2003) Cognitive effects and antipsychotic treatment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28(Suppl 1):27-38
    • (2003) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.28 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 27-38
    • Kasper, S.1    Resinger, E.2
  • 63
    • 0030940989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphisms: Relation to ethnicity, no association with schizophrenia and response to clozapine in Israeli subjects
    • Kohn Y, Ebstein RP, Heresco-Levy U, Shapira B, Nemanov L, Gritsenko I, Avnon M, Lerer B (1997) Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphisms: relation to ethnicity, no association with schizophrenia and response to clozapine in Israeli subjects. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7:39-43
    • (1997) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 39-43
    • Kohn, Y.1    Ebstein, R.P.2    Heresco-Levy, U.3    Shapira, B.4    Nemanov, L.5    Gritsenko, I.6    Avnon, M.7    Lerer, B.8
  • 65
    • 0018409666 scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal EEG activity and psychopathology during the treatment with clozapine
    • Koukkou M, Angst J, Zimmer D (1979) Paroxysmal EEG activity and psychopathology during the treatment with clozapine. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuro-psychopharmakol 12:173-183
    • (1979) Pharmakopsychiatr Neuro-psychopharmakol , vol.12 , pp. 173-183
    • Koukkou, M.1    Angst, J.2    Zimmer, D.3
  • 67
    • 0030781165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EBZM imaging of striatal dopamine-2 receptors in psychotic patients treated with novel antipsychotic substance quetiapine in comparison to clozapine and haloperidol
    • Berl
    • Kufferle B, Tauscher J, Asenbaum S, Vesely C, Prodreka I, Brucke T, Kasper S (1997) EBZM imaging of striatal dopamine-2 receptors in psychotic patients treated with novel antipsychotic substance quetiapine in comparison to clozapine and haloperidol. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 133:323-328
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.133 , pp. 323-328
    • Kufferle, B.1    Tauscher, J.2    Asenbaum, S.3    Vesely, C.4    Prodreka, I.5    Brucke, T.6    Kasper, S.7
  • 68
    • 0033007525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalization of information processing deficits in schizophrenia with clozapine
    • Kumari V, Soni W, Sharma T (1999) Normalization of information processing deficits in schizophrenia with clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 156:1046-1051
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1046-1051
    • Kumari, V.1    Soni, W.2    Sharma, T.3
  • 70
    • 0035139738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human leukocyte antigen-A1 predicts a good therapeutic response to clozapine with a low risk of agranulocytosis in patients with schizophrenia
    • Lahdelma L, Ahokas A, Andersson LC, Suvisaari J, Hovatta I, Huttenen MO, Koskimies S (2001) Human leukocyte antigen-A1 predicts a good therapeutic response to clozapine with a low risk of agranulocytosis in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21:4-7
    • (2001) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 4-7
    • Lahdelma, L.1    Ahokas, A.2    Andersson, L.C.3    Suvisaari, J.4    Hovatta, I.5    Huttenen, M.O.6    Koskimies, S.7
  • 73
    • 0028019245 scopus 로고
    • Effects of clozapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia
    • Lee MA, Thompson PA, Meltzer HY (1994) Effects of clozapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 55(Suppl B):82-87
    • (1994) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. B , pp. 82-87
    • Lee, M.A.1    Thompson, P.A.2    Meltzer, H.Y.3
  • 74
    • 16244412364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotic use in the treatment of psychosis in primary care
    • Leo RJ, Regno PD (2000) Atypical antipsychotic use in the treatment of psychosis in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2:194-204
    • (2000) Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 194-204
    • Leo, R.J.1    Regno, P.D.2
  • 75
    • 0033521616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Leucht S, Pitschel-Walz G, Abraham D, Kissling W (1999) Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Res 35:51-68
    • (1999) Schizophr Res , vol.35 , pp. 51-68
    • Leucht, S.1    Pitschel-Walz, G.2    Abraham, D.3    Kissling, W.4
  • 78
    • 0034062159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal P50 suppression in schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotic medications
    • Light GA, Geyer MA, Clementz BA, Cadenhead KS, Braff DL (2000) Normal P50 suppression in schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotic medications. Am J Psychiatry 157:767-771
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 767-771
    • Light, G.A.1    Geyer, M.A.2    Clementz, B.A.3    Cadenhead, K.S.4    Braff, D.L.5
  • 79
    • 0002964661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence for association of serotonin-2A receptor variant (102T/C) with schizophrenia or clozapine response in a Chinese population
    • Lin CH, Tsai SJ, Yu YW, Song HL, Tu PC, Sim CB, Hsu CP, Yang KH, Hong CJ (1999) No evidence for association of serotonin-2A receptor variant (102T/C) with schizophrenia or clozapine response in a Chinese population. NeuroReport 10:57-60
    • (1999) NeuroReport , vol.10 , pp. 57-60
    • Lin, C.H.1    Tsai, S.J.2    Yu, Y.W.3    Song, H.L.4    Tu, P.C.5    Sim, C.B.6    Hsu, C.P.7    Yang, K.H.8    Hong, C.J.9
  • 80
    • 0029881519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of plasma clozapine levels and its metabolites in refractory schizophrenic patients
    • Liu HC, Chang WH, Wei FC, Lin SK, Jann MW (1996) Monitoring of plasma clozapine levels and its metabolites in refractory schizophrenic patients. Ther Drug Monit 18:200-207
    • (1996) Ther Drug Monit , vol.18 , pp. 200-207
    • Liu, H.C.1    Chang, W.H.2    Wei, F.C.3    Lin, S.K.4    Jann, M.W.5
  • 81
    • 0036246398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of clozapine in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia: Clinical response and plasma concentrations
    • Llorca PM, Lancon C, Disdier B, Farisse J, Sapin C, Auquier P (2002) Effectiveness of clozapine in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia: clinical response and plasma concentrations. J Psychiatry Neurosci 27:30-37
    • (2002) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 30-37
    • Llorca, P.M.1    Lancon, C.2    Disdier, B.3    Farisse, J.4    Sapin, C.5    Auquier, P.6
  • 83
    • 0029790119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between polymorphisms in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and the antipsychotic response to clozapine
    • Malhotra AK, Goldman D, Ozaki N, Breier A, Buchanan R, Pickar D (1996b) Lack of association between polymorphisms in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and the antipsychotic response to clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 153:1092-1094
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1092-1094
    • Malhotra, A.K.1    Goldman, D.2    Ozaki, N.3    Breier, A.4    Buchanan, R.5    Pickar, D.6
  • 84
    • 0031594223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) Ser9Gly polymorphism and schizophrenia: A haplotype relative risk study and association with clozapine response
    • Malhotra AK, Goldman D, Buchanan RW, Rooney W, Clifton A, Kosmidis MH, Breier A, Pickar D (1998) The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) Ser9Gly polymorphism and schizophrenia: a haplotype relative risk study and association with clozapine response. Mol Psychiatry 3:72-75
    • (1998) Mol Psychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 72-75
    • Malhotra, A.K.1    Goldman, D.2    Buchanan, R.W.3    Rooney, W.4    Clifton, A.5    Kosmidis, M.H.6    Breier, A.7    Pickar, D.8
  • 85
    • 0037195542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of promoter variants of the histamine 1 and 2 receptors in schizophrenia and clozapine response
    • Mancama D, Arranz MJ, Munro J, Osborne S, Makoff A, Collier D, Kerwin R (2002) Investigation of promoter variants of the histamine 1 and 2 receptors in schizophrenia and clozapine response. Neurosci Lett 333:207-211
    • (2002) Neurosci Lett , vol.333 , pp. 207-211
    • Mancama, D.1    Arranz, M.J.2    Munro, J.3    Osborne, S.4    Makoff, A.5    Collier, D.6    Kerwin, R.7
  • 91
    • 0033018724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of clozapine on cognitive functioning in schizophrenia
    • McGurk SR (1999) The effects of clozapine on cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 60(Suppl 12): 24-29
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.12 SUPPL. , pp. 24-29
    • McGurk, S.R.1
  • 92
    • 1842739590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse metabolic effects associated with atypical antipsychotics: Literature review and clinical implications
    • Melkersson K, Dahl ML (2004) Adverse metabolic effects associated with atypical antipsychotics: literature review and clinical implications. Drugs 64:701-723
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 701-723
    • Melkersson, K.1    Dahl, M.L.2
  • 93
    • 0030516435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of response to clozapine
    • Meltzer HY (1996) Predictors of response to clozapine. Psychiatr Ann 26:385-389
    • (1996) Psychiatr Ann , vol.26 , pp. 385-389
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1
  • 94
    • 0024468417 scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of clozapine: The dopamine-serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • Berl
    • Meltzer HY (1989b) Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of clozapine: the dopamine-serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99(Suppl):S18-S27
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1
  • 95
    • 0032977410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia
    • Meltzer HY, McGurk S (1999) The effects of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 25:233-255
    • (1999) Schizophr Bull , vol.25 , pp. 233-255
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    McGurk, S.2
  • 96
    • 0024443178 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. I. Preliminary report
    • Berl
    • Meltzer HY, Bastani B, Kwon KY, Ramirez LF, Burnett S, Sharpe J (1989a) A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. I. Preliminary report. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99(Suppl):S68-S72
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Bastani, B.2    Kwon, K.Y.3    Ramirez, L.F.4    Burnett, S.5    Sharpe, J.6
  • 97
    • 0035130606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blunted cortisol response to apomorphine and its relationship to treatment response in patients with schizophrenia
    • Meltzer HY, Lee MA, Jayathilake K (2001) The blunted cortisol response to apomorphine and its relationship to treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:278-290
    • (2001) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.24 , pp. 278-290
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Lee, M.A.2    Jayathilake, K.3
  • 99
    • 0027937972 scopus 로고
    • Plasma clozapine concentrations as a predictor of clinical response: A follow-up study
    • Miller DD, Fleming F, Holman TL, Perry PJ (1994) Plasma clozapine concentrations as a predictor of clinical response: a follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry 55(Suppl B):117-121
    • (1994) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. B , pp. 117-121
    • Miller, D.D.1    Fleming, F.2    Holman, T.L.3    Perry, P.J.4
  • 100
    • 0024565451 scopus 로고
    • Sensory gating in schizophrenics and normal controls: Effects of changing stimulation interval
    • Nagamoto HT, Adler LE, Waldo MC, Freedman R (1989) Sensory gating in schizophrenics and normal controls: effects of changing stimulation interval. Biol Psychiatry 25:549-561
    • (1989) Biol Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 549-561
    • Nagamoto, H.T.1    Adler, L.E.2    Waldo, M.C.3    Freedman, R.4
  • 102
    • 0032928455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory P50 in schizophrenics on clozapine: Improved gating parallels clinical improvement and changes in plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
    • Nagamoto HT, Adler LE, McRae KA, Huettl P, Cawthra E, Gerhardt G, Hea R, Griffith J (1999) Auditory P50 in schizophrenics on clozapine: improved gating parallels clinical improvement and changes in plasma 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylglycol. Neuropsychobiology 39:10-17
    • (1999) Neuropsychobiology , vol.39 , pp. 10-17
    • Nagamoto, H.T.1    Adler, L.E.2    McRae, K.A.3    Huettl, P.4    Cawthra, E.5    Gerhardt, G.6    Hea, R.7    Griffith, J.8
  • 103
    • 0018383383 scopus 로고
    • Effect of clozapine on apomorhine-induced growth hormone secretion and serum prolactin concentrations in schizophrenia
    • Nair NP, Lal S, Cevantes P, Yassa R, Guyda H (1979) Effect of clozapine on apomorhine-induced growth hormone secretion and serum prolactin concentrations in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 5:136-142
    • (1979) Neuropsychobiology , vol.5 , pp. 136-142
    • Nair, N.P.1    Lal, S.2    Cevantes, P.3    Yassa, R.4    Guyda, H.5
  • 108
    • 0032822677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic symptoms and P300 abnormalities in young schizophrenic patients
    • Pallanti S, Quercioli L, Pazzagli A (1999) Basic symptoms and P300 abnormalities in young schizophrenic patients. Compr Psychiatry 40:363-371
    • (1999) Compr Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 363-371
    • Pallanti, S.1    Quercioli, L.2    Pazzagli, A.3
  • 109
    • 0033183390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies
    • Perez-Gomez M, Junque C (1999) Clozapine: neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 27:341-346
    • (1999) Actas Esp Psiquiatr , vol.27 , pp. 341-346
    • Perez-Gomez, M.1    Junque, C.2
  • 110
    • 0026068791 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations and clinical response of treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients
    • Perry PJ, Miller DD, Arndt SV, Cadoret RJ (1991) Clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations and clinical response of treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 148:231-235
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 231-235
    • Perry, P.J.1    Miller, D.D.2    Arndt, S.V.3    Cadoret, R.J.4
  • 111
    • 0026772116 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Crossover comparison with fluphenazine
    • Pickar D, Owen RR, Litman RE, Konicki E, Gutierrez R, Rapaport MH (1992) Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Crossover comparison with fluphenazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:345-353
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 345-353
    • Pickar, D.1    Owen, R.R.2    Litman, R.E.3    Konicki, E.4    Gutierrez, R.5    Rapaport, M.H.6
  • 115
    • 17644386977 scopus 로고
    • Plasma clozapine and haloperidol concentrations in adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia: Association with response
    • Piscitelli SC, Frazier JA, McKenna K, Albus KE, Grothe DR, Gordon C, Rapoport JL (1995) Plasma clozapine and haloperidol concentrations in adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia: association with response. J Clin Psychiatry 56:535-536
    • (1995) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 535-536
    • Piscitelli, S.C.1    Frazier, J.A.2    McKenna, K.3    Albus, K.E.4    Grothe, D.R.5    Gordon, C.6    Rapoport, J.L.7
  • 119
    • 0024443180 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine in China: A review and preview of US/PRC collaboration
    • Berl
    • Potter WZ, Ko GN, Zhang LD, Yan WW (1989) Clozapine in China: a review and preview of US/PRC collaboration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99(Suppl):S87-S91
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Potter, W.Z.1    Ko, G.N.2    Zhang, L.D.3    Yan, W.W.4
  • 120
    • 0028172045 scopus 로고
    • Allelic variation in the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene does not predict response to clozapine
    • Rao PA, Pickar D, Gejman PV, Ram A, Gershon ES, Gelernter J (1994) Allelic variation in the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene does not predict response to clozapine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:912-917
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 912-917
    • Rao, P.A.1    Pickar, D.2    Gejman, P.V.3    Ram, A.4    Gershon, E.S.5    Gelernter, J.6
  • 122
    • 0030738648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and side-effects of clozapine not associated with variation in the 5-HT2C receptor
    • Rietschel M, Naber D, Fimmers R, Moller HJ, Propping P, Nothen MM (1997) Efficacy and side-effects of clozapine not associated with variation in the 5-HT2C receptor. NeuroReport 8: 1999-2003
    • (1997) NeuroReport , vol.8 , pp. 1999-2003
    • Rietschel, M.1    Naber, D.2    Fimmers, R.3    Moller, H.J.4    Propping, P.5    Nothen, M.M.6
  • 124
    • 0027250185 scopus 로고
    • Low cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid-5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratio predicts clozapine efficacy: A replication
    • Risch SC, Lewine RRJ (1993) Low cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid-5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratio predicts clozapine efficacy: a replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:670
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 670
    • Risch, S.C.1    Lewine, R.R.J.2
  • 125
    • 1542313966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and functional recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
    • Robinson DG, Woerner MG, McMeniman M, Mendelowitz A, Bilder RM (2004) Symptomatic and functional recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 161:473-479
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 473-479
    • Robinson, D.G.1    Woerner, M.G.2    McMeniman, M.3    Mendelowitz, A.4    Bilder, R.M.5
  • 126
    • 0345596216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPECT study of regional cerebral perfusion in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients who responded or did not respond to clozapine
    • Rodriguez VM, Andree RM, Castejon MJ, Garcia EC, Delgado JL, Vila FJ (1996) SPECT study of regional cerebral perfusion in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients who responded or did not respond to clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 153:1343-1346
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1343-1346
    • Rodriguez, V.M.1    Andree, R.M.2    Castejon, M.J.3    Garcia, E.C.4    Delgado, J.L.5    Vila, F.J.6
  • 127
    • 0344157425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fronto-striato-thalamic perfusion and clozapine response in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. A 99 mTc-HMPAO study
    • Rodriguez VM, Andree RM, Castejon MJ, Zamora ML, Alvaro PC, Delgado JL, Vila FJ (1997) Fronto-striato-thalamic perfusion and clozapine response in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. A 99 mTc-HMPAO study. Psychiatry Res 76:51-61
    • (1997) Psychiatry Res , vol.76 , pp. 51-61
    • Rodriguez, V.M.1    Andree, R.M.2    Castejon, M.J.3    Zamora, M.L.4    Alvaro, P.C.5    Delgado, J.L.6    Vila, F.J.7
  • 128
    • 0032535964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenic syndromes and clozapine response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia
    • Rodriguez VM, Catalina ML, Garcia-Noblejas JA, Cuesta P (1998) Schizophrenic syndromes and clozapine response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 77:21-28
    • (1998) Psychiatry Res , vol.77 , pp. 21-28
    • Rodriguez, V.M.1    Catalina, M.L.2    Garcia-Noblejas, J.A.3    Cuesta, P.4
  • 129
    • 17544400439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of differential response to clozapine and haloperidol
    • Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia
    • Rosenheck R, Lawson W, Crayton J, Cramer J, Xu W, Thomas J, Stolar M, Charney D (1998) Predictors of differential response to clozapine and haloperidol. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 44:475-482
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 475-482
    • Rosenheck, R.1    Lawson, W.2    Crayton, J.3    Cramer, J.4    Xu, W.5    Thomas, J.6    Stolar, M.7    Charney, D.8
  • 130
    • 0032897189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of clozapine on negative symptoms and on the deficit syndrome in refractory schizophrenia
    • Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia
    • Rosenheck R, Dunn L, Peszke M, Cramer J, Xu W, Thomas J, Charney D (1999) Impact of clozapine on negative symptoms and on the deficit syndrome in refractory schizophrenia. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 156:88-93
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 88-93
    • Rosenheck, R.1    Dunn, L.2    Peszke, M.3    Cramer, J.4    Xu, W.5    Thomas, J.6    Charney, D.7
  • 132
    • 0018643459 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine induced increase of human plasma norepinephrine
    • Sarafoff M, Davis L, Ruther E (1979) Clozapine induced increase of human plasma norepinephrine. J Neural Transm 46:175-180
    • (1979) J Neural Transm , vol.46 , pp. 175-180
    • Sarafoff, M.1    Davis, L.2    Ruther, E.3
  • 134
    • 0001890193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory event-related potential indices of fronto-temporal information processing in schizophrenia syndromes: Valid outcome prediction of clozapine therapy in a three-year follow-up
    • Schall U, Catts SV, Karayanidis F, Ward PB (1999) Auditory event-related potential indices of fronto-temporal information processing in schizophrenia syndromes: valid outcome prediction of clozapine therapy in a three-year follow-up. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2:83-93
    • (1999) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 83-93
    • Schall, U.1    Catts, S.V.2    Karayanidis, F.3    Ward, P.B.4
  • 136
    • 0035070250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clozapine on caudate nucleus volume in relation to symptoms of schizophrenia
    • Scheepers FE, Gispen-de Wied CC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kahn RS (2001a) Effect of clozapine on caudate nucleus volume in relation to symptoms of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 158: 644-646
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 644-646
    • Scheepers, F.E.1    Gispen-de Wied, C.C.2    Hulshoff Pol, H.E.3    Kahn, R.S.4
  • 138
    • 0029781286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated changes in symptoms and neurotransmitter indices during maintenance treatment with clozapine or conventional neuroleptics in adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia
    • Schulz E, Fleischhaker C, Remschmidt HE (1996) Correlated changes in symptoms and neurotransmitter indices during maintenance treatment with clozapine or conventional neuroleptics in adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 6:119-131
    • (1996) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 119-131
    • Schulz, E.1    Fleischhaker, C.2    Remschmidt, H.E.3
  • 139
    • 0031435394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood biogenic amines during clozapine treatment of early-onset schizophrenia
    • Schulz E, Fleischhaker C, Clement HW, Remschmidt H (1997) Blood biogenic amines during clozapine treatment of early-onset schizophrenia. J Neural Transm 104:1077-1089
    • (1997) J Neural Transm , vol.104 , pp. 1077-1089
    • Schulz, E.1    Fleischhaker, C.2    Clement, H.W.3    Remschmidt, H.4
  • 143
    • 0002310994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between plasma concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine and therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia resistant to conventional neuroleptics
    • Berl
    • Spina E, Avenoso A, Facciola G, Scordo MG, Ancione M, Madia AG, Ventimiglia A, Perucca E (2000) Relationship between plasma concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine and therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia resistant to conventional neuroleptics. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 148:83-89
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.148 , pp. 83-89
    • Spina, E.1    Avenoso, A.2    Facciola, G.3    Scordo, M.G.4    Ancione, M.5    Madia, A.G.6    Ventimiglia, A.7    Perucca, E.8
  • 144
    • 0042807244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of clozapine versus haloperidol on measures of impulsive aggression and suicidality in chronic schizophrenia patients: An open, nonrandomized, 6-month study
    • Spivak B, Shabash E, Sheitman B, Weizman A, Mester R (2003) The effects of clozapine versus haloperidol on measures of impulsive aggression and suicidality in chronic schizophrenia patients: an open, nonrandomized, 6-month study. J Clin Psychiatry 64:755-760
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 755-760
    • Spivak, B.1    Shabash, E.2    Sheitman, B.3    Weizman, A.4    Mester, R.5
  • 145
    • 1242329378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of atypical antipsychotic utilization: Comparing monotherapy with polypharmacy and augmentation
    • Stahl SM, Grady MM (2004) A critical review of atypical antipsychotic utilization: comparing monotherapy with polypharmacy and augmentation. Curr Med Chem 11:313-327
    • (2004) Curr Med Chem , vol.11 , pp. 313-327
    • Stahl, S.M.1    Grady, M.M.2
  • 147
    • 0033391130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discriminant cognitive factors in responder and non-responder patients with schizophrenia
    • Stip E, Lussier I, Ngan E, Mendrek A, Liddle P (1999) Discriminant cognitive factors in responder and non-responder patients with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 14:442-450
    • (1999) Eur Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 442-450
    • Stip, E.1    Lussier, I.2    Ngan, E.3    Mendrek, A.4    Liddle, P.5
  • 148
    • 0030903754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of short-term changes in symptom severity by baseline plasma homovanillic acid levels in schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine
    • Sumiyoshi T, Hasegawa M, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY (1997) Prediction of short-term changes in symptom severity by baseline plasma homovanillic acid levels in schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine. Psychiatry Res 69:113-121
    • (1997) Psychiatry Res , vol.69 , pp. 113-121
    • Sumiyoshi, T.1    Hasegawa, M.2    Jayathilake, K.3    Meltzer, H.Y.4
  • 149
    • 12144256238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of changes in memory performance by plasma homovanillic acid levels in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia
    • Sumiyoshi T, Roy A, Kim C-H, Jayathilake K, Lee MA, Sumiyoshi C, Meltzer HY (2004) Prediction of changes in memory performance by plasma homovanillic acid levels in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 177:79-83
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.177 , pp. 79-83
    • Sumiyoshi, T.1    Roy, A.2    Kim, C.-H.3    Jayathilake, K.4    Lee, M.A.5    Sumiyoshi, C.6    Meltzer, H.Y.7
  • 152
    • 0017330153 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine treatment of schizophrenic patients. Plasma concentration and coagulation factors
    • Thorup M, Fog R (1977) Clozapine treatment of schizophrenic patients. Plasma concentration and coagulation factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 55:123-126
    • (1977) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.55 , pp. 123-126
    • Thorup, M.1    Fog, R.2
  • 154
    • 0029906397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG abnormalities in clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients
    • Treves IA, Neufeld MY (1996) EEG abnormalities in clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 6:93-94
    • (1996) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 93-94
    • Treves, I.A.1    Neufeld, M.Y.2
  • 155
    • 0034283750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study of a functional serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with schizophrenia, psychopathology and clozapine response
    • Tsai SJ, Hong CJ, Yu YW, Lin CH, Song HL, Lai HC, Yang KH (2000) Association study of a functional serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with schizophrenia, psychopathology and clozapine response. Schizophr Res 44:177-181
    • (2000) Schizophr Res , vol.44 , pp. 177-181
    • Tsai, S.J.1    Hong, C.J.2    Yu, Y.W.3    Lin, C.H.4    Song, H.L.5    Lai, H.C.6    Yang, K.H.7
  • 156
    • 0035871218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association analysis of polymorphism in the promoter region of the alpha2a-adrenoceptor gene with schizophrenia and clozapine response
    • Tsai SJ, Wang YC, Yu Younger WY, Lin CH, Yang KH, Hong CJ (2001) Association analysis of polymorphism in the promoter region of the alpha2a-adrenoceptor gene with schizophrenia and clozapine response. Schizophr Res 49:53-58
    • (2001) Schizophr Res , vol.49 , pp. 53-58
    • Tsai, S.J.1    Wang, Y.C.2    Yu Younger, W.Y.3    Lin, C.H.4    Yang, K.H.5    Hong, C.J.6
  • 159
    • 0029903903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia to clozapine within three serum level ranges
    • VanderZwaag C, McGee M, McEvoy JP, Freudenreich O, Wilson WH, Cooper TB (1996) Response of patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia to clozapine within three serum level ranges. Am J Psychiatry 153:1579-1584
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1579-1584
    • VanderZwaag, C.1    McGee, M.2    McEvoy, J.P.3    Freudenreich, O.4    Wilson, W.H.5    Cooper, T.B.6
  • 162
    • 0033606080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-6 receptor variant (C267T) and clinical response to clozapine
    • Yu YW, Tsai SJ, Lin CH, Hsu CP, Yang KH, Hong CJ (1999) Serotonin-6 receptor variant (C267T) and clinical response to clozapine. NeuroReport 10:1231-1233
    • (1999) NeuroReport , vol.10 , pp. 1231-1233
    • Yu, Y.W.1    Tsai, S.J.2    Lin, C.H.3    Hsu, C.P.4    Yang, K.H.5    Hong, C.J.6
  • 163
    • 0028035417 scopus 로고
    • Effects of clozapine, fluphenazine, and placebo on reaction time measures of attention and sensory dominance in schizophrenia
    • Zahn TP, Pickar D, Haier RJ (1994) Effects of clozapine, fluphenazine, and placebo on reaction time measures of attention and sensory dominance in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 13:133-144
    • (1994) Schizophr Res , vol.13 , pp. 133-144
    • Zahn, T.P.1    Pickar, D.2    Haier, R.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.