Mapping the future in science-intensive industries: Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry

IBM Systems Journal

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 163-183

  Cortada, James W ^a   Fraser, Heather E ^b  

^a IBM   (United States)

^b IBM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRUG PRODUCTS; FORECASTING; INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT; PLANNING;

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY; SCIENCE BASED INDUSTRIES;

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 17644384809     PISSN: 00188670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1147/sj.441.0163     Document Type: Article

References (39)

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25. Our reference to "subcellular" alludes to systems biology, protein folding, and for some readers, might also need to include protein structure prediction. The first is often quite limited by the lack of sufficient experimental data to produce predictive models of the cell. Protein dynamics are only just now being subjected to computational analysis, but we predict more will occur over the next 10-15 years.
26. For example, if a biology professor developed a strain of grass that did not grow more than one inch and a manufacturer of lawn mowers was not aware of this activity, that firm could suffer a rapid decline in sales of this equipment as consumers rushed out to plant the new seeds.
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33. The IBM Institute for Business Value has launched a study of the fundamental changes underway in the world of central governments, using the same techniques as those applied in other global industries such as retail and pharmaceuticals.
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35. The lag time between when a technology is viable to use and its adoption has existed for a long time in all industries and is an issue that has been studied. For example, see M. Albrecht, and J. W. Cortada, "Optimizing Investments in Information Technology," National Productivity Review, 53-60 (Summer 1998).
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38. For a recent example of this kind of scholarship, see M. Campbell-Kelly, From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2003).
39. For an earlier study that addressed this issue directly, see J. W. Cortada, The Computer in the United States: From Laboratory to Market, 1930 to 1960, M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY (1993).