Protocols for calibrating multibeam sonar

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Volumn 117, Issue 4 I, 2005, Pages 2013-2027

  Foote, Kenneth G ^a   Chu, Dezhang ^a   Hammar, Terence R ^a   Baldwin, Kenneth C ^b   Mayer, Larry A ^b   Hufnagle Jr , Lawrence C ^c   Jech, J Michael ^d  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^c NORTHWEST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^d NORTHEAST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALIBRATION; FUNCTIONS; OCEANOGRAPHY; PROBLEM SOLVING;

CALIBRATING MULTIBEAM SONARS; MULTIBEAM SONARS; STANDARD TARGET METHOD; WATER-COLUMN SIGNALS;

SONAR;

FRESH WATER; WATER;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; DOCUMENTATION; ELECTRONICS; EQUIPMENT; INSTRUMENTATION; MEASUREMENT; MULTIBEAM SONAR; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SIGNAL DETECTION; STANDARD; TANK; TECHNIQUE; TRANSDUCER; UNIVERSITY; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 17644384080     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.1869073     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. H. Medwin and C. S. Clay, Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography (Academic, Boston, 1998).
2. R. B. Mitson, Fisheries Sonar (Fishing News Books, Farnham, Surrey, England, 1983).
3. O. A. Misund and A. Aglen, "Swimming behavior of fish schools in the North Sea during acoustic surveying and pelagic trawl sampling," ICES J. Mar. Sci. 49, 325-334 (1992).
4. F. Gerlotto, P. Fréon, M. Soria, P. H. Cottais, and L. Ronzier, "Exhaustive observations of the 3D schools structure using multibeam sidescan sonar: potential use for school classification, biomass estimation, and behavior studies," Council Meeting of the Int. Council Explor. Sea 1994/B:26 (1994).
5. F. Gerlotto, M. Soria, and P. Fréon, "From two dimensions to three: the use of multibeam sonar for a new approach in fisheries acoustics," Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56, 6-12 (1999).
6. M. Soria, P. Fréon, and F. Gerlotto, "Analysis of vessel influence on spatial behaviour of fish schools using a multi-beam sonar and consequences for biomass estimates by echo-sounder," ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53, 453-458 (1996).
7. O. A. Misund, "Dynamics of moving masses: variability in packing density, shape, and size among herring, sprat and saithe schools," ICES J. Mar. Sci. 50, 145-160 (1993).
8. M. T. Hafsteinsson and O. A. Misund, "Recording the migration behavior of fish schools by multibeam sonar during conventional acoustic surveys," ICES J. Mar. Sci. 52, 915-924 (1995).
9. D. G. Reid (ed.), "Report on echo trace classification," ICES Coop. Res. Rep. (238) (2000).
10. L. Mayer, Y. Li, and G. Melvin, "3D visualization for pelagic fisheries research and assessment," ICES J. Mar. Sci. 59, 216-225 (2002).
11. T. C. Gallaudet and C. P. de Moustier, "High-frequency volume and boundary acoustic backscatter fluctuations in shallow water," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 707-725 (2003).
12. L. Nøttestad and B. E. Axelsen, "Herring schooling manoeuvres in response to killer whale attacks," Can. J. Zool. 77, 1540-1546 (1999).
13. B. E. Axelsen, T. Anker-Nilssen, P. Fossum, C. Kvamme, and L. Nøttestad, "Pretty patterns but a simple strategy: predator-prey interactions between juvenile herring and Atlantic puffins observed with multibeam sonar," Can. J. Zool. 79, 1586-1596 (2001).
14. K. Benoit-Bird and W. Au, "Hawaiian spinner dolphins aggregate midwater food resources through cooperative foraging," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2300 (2003).
15. T. Weber, D. Bradley, R. L. Culver, and A. Lyons, "Inferring the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient from backscatter measurements with a multibeam sonar," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2300 (2003).
16. C. D. Jones, "Water-column measurements of hydrothermal vent flow and particulate concentration using multibeam sonar," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2300-2301 (2003).
17. R. J. Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound, 3rd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983).
18. K. G. Foote, "Optimizing copper spheres for precision calibration of hydroacoustic equipment," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 71, 742-747 (1982).
19. K. G. Foote, "Maintaining precision calibrations with optimal copper spheres," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1054-1063 (1983).
20. K. G. Foote, H. P. Knudsen, G. Vestnes, D. N. MacLennan, and E. J. Simmonds, "Calibration of acoustic instruments for fish density estimation: a practical guide," ICES Coop. Res. Rep. 144 (1987).
21. D. Chu, K. G. Foote, and L. C. Hufnagle, Jr., "Measurement of multibeam sonar directivity patterns," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conf., pp. 1411-1414 (2002).
22. N. A. Cochrane, Y. Li, and G. D. Melvin, "Quantification of a multibeam sonar for fisheries assessment applications," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 745-758 (2003).
23. D. Chu, K. G. Foote, L. C. Hufnagle, Jr., K. C. Baldwin, L. A. Mayer, and A. McLeod, "Calibrating a 90-kHz multibeam sonar," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2003 Conf., pp. 1633-1636 (2003).
24. K. G. Foote, D. Chu, K. C. Baldwin, L. A. Mayer, A. McLeod, L. C. Hufnagle, Jr., J. M. Jech, and W. Michaels, "Protocols for calibrating multibeam sonar," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2307 (2003).
25. G. C. Gaunaurd, "Sonar cross section of bodies partially insoni66ied by finite sound beams," IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. OE-10, 213-230 (1985).
26. A. D. Poularikas, "Fourier transforms and the fast Fourier transform," in The Electrical Engineering Handbook, 2nd edition, edited by R. C. Dorf (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1997), pp. 287-298.
27. K. G. Foote and D. N. MacLennan, "Comparison of copper and tungsten carbide calibration spheres," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 75, 612-616 (1984).
28. K. G. Foote, P. R. Atkins, C. C. Bongiovanni, D. T. I. Francis, P. K. Eriksen, M. Larsen, and T. Mortensen, "Measuring the frequency response function of a seven-octave-bandwidth echo sounder," Proc. Inst. Acoust. 21(1), 88-95 (1999).
29. K. G. Foote, D. T. I. Francis, H. Furset, and H. Hobæk, "Spheres for calibrating high-frequency broadband echo sounders," Acust. Acta Acust. 85, S186-S187 and J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 1112-1113(A) (1999).
30. K. G. Foote, D. T. I. Francis, H. Furset, and H. Hobæk, "Spheres for calibrating high-frequency broadband echo sounders," Acust. Acta Acust. 85, S186-S187 and J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 1112-1113(A) (1999).
31. D. L. Folds, "Target strength of focused liquid-filled spherical reflectors," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49, 1596-1599 (1971).
32. R. H. Wallace, H. V. Hillery, G. R. Barnard, B. M. Marks, and C. M. McKinney, "Experimental investigation of several passive sonar targets," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 57, 862-869 (1975).
33. B. M. Marks and E. E. Mikeska, "Reflections from focused liquid-filled spherical reflectors," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 813-817 (1976).
34. D. L. Folds and C. D. Loggins, "Target strength of liquid-filled spheres," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1147-1151 (1983).
35. T. R. Hammar, K. G. Foote, and S. P. Liberatore, "Advances in developing a high-frequency sonar calibration facility," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2003 Conf., pp. 1622-1624 (2003).
36. D. M. Deveau, "Fabrication, testing, and installation of fluid-filled target spheres for AUTEC's passive sonar calibration system," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2000 Conf., pp. 1481-1487 (2000).
37. J. J. Faran, Jr., "Sound scattering by solid cylinders and spheres," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 23, 405-418 (1951).
38. R. Hickling, "Analysis of echoes from a solid elastic sphere in water," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1582-1592 (1962).
39. R. R. Goodman and R. Stern, "Reflection and transmission of sound by elastic spherical shells," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 338-344 (1962).
40. K. W. Doherty, T. R. Hammar, and K. G. Foote, "Transducer mounting and rotating system for calibrating sonars in a sea well," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conf., pp. 1407-1410 (2002).
41. K. C. Baldwin, L. Mayer, A. McLeod, and J. Millar, "Acoustic transducer calibration system," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2003 Conf., pp. 2093-2099 (2003).
42. R. F. Duncan and F. S. Blanchard, A Cruising Guide to the New England Coast, 5th ed. (Dodd, Mead, New York, 1962).
43. C. W. Horton, Sr., Signal Processing of Underwater Acoustic Waves (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1969).
44. W. B. Davenport, Jr., "Signal-to-noise ratios in band-pass limiters," J. Appl. Phys. 24, 720-727 (1953).
45. H. Bodholt, H. Nes, and H. Solli, "A new echo-sounder system," Proc. Inst. Acoust. 11(3), 123-130 (1989).
46. N. R. Draper and H. Smith, Applied Regression Analysis (Wiley, New York, 1966).
47. K. G. Foote, "Acoustic sampling volume," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 959-964 (1991).
48. L. E. Ivey and C. M. Thompson, "Underwater transducer wetting agents," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 389-394 (1985).
49. D. Chu, K. C. Baldwin, K. G. Foote, Y. Li, L. A. Mayer, and G. D. Melvin, "Multibeam sonar calibration: target localization in azimuth," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001 Conf., pp. 2506-2510 (2001).
50. H. P. Knudsen, "T-A-F: Time-amplitude-frequency: A special electronic unit for measuring the TVG function in research echo-sounders," Fiskeridir. Skr., Ser. Havunders. 17, 529-541 (1985).
51. D. Chu, K. G. Foote, T. R. Hammar, L. C. Hufnagle, Jr., and J. M. Jech, "Calibrating a 90-kHz multibeam sonar: illustrating protocols," Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2004 Conf., pp. 438-442 (2004).