The pituitary mass: Diagnosis and management

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 55-62

  Sam, Susan ^a   Molitch, Mark E ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cystic sellar lesions; Parasellar mass; Pituitary adenoma; Sellar mass; Sellar neoplasms

Indexed keywords

ADENYLATE CYCLASE; CONTRAST MEDIUM; CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GADOLINIUM; GROWTH FACTOR; GROWTH HORMONE; HYPOPHYSIS HORMONE; PROLACTIN;

ABSCESS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; HYPERPLASIA; HYPOPHYSIS; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; HYPOPHYSITIS; HYPOPITUITARISM; INFECTION; MENTAL DISEASE; METASTASIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PROLACTINOMA; RADIOGRAPHY; RATHKE CLEFT CYST; REVIEW; SARCOIDOSIS; SELLA TURCICA TUMOR; TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY; TUMOR GROWTH; VISUAL FIELD DEFECT;

ADENOMA; CYSTS; HUMANS; HYPERPLASIA; PITUITARY GLAND; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; SELLA TURCICA;

EID: 17644380259     PISSN: 13899155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-005-5225-z     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Freda PU, Wardlaw SL, Post KD. Unusual causes of sellar/parasellar masses in a large transsphenoidal surgical series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3455-3459.
2. Freda PU, Post KD. Differential diagnosis of sellar masses. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999;28:81-117, vi.
3. Molitch ME. Pituitary incidentalomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997;26:725-740.
4. Lipscombe L, Asa SL, Ezzat S. Management of lesions of the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus. Endocrinologist 2003;13:38-51.
5. Colao A, Loche S, Cappa M, Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Sarnacchiaro F, Facciolli G, Lombardi G. Prolactinomas in children and adolescents. Clinical presentation and long-term follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2777-2780.
6. McCormick PC, Post KD, Kandji AD, Hays AP. Metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland. Br J Neurosurg 1989;3:71-79.
7. Komninos J, Vlassopoulou V, Protopapa D, Korfias S, Kontogeorgos G, Sakas DE, Thalassinos NC. Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland: Case report and literature review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:574-580.
8. Cheung CC, Ezzat S, Smyth HS, Asa SL. The spectrum and significance of primary hypophysitis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1048-1053.
9. Gillam MP, Molitch ME. 2001. Lymphocytic Hypophysitis. In: Bronstein MD, ed. Pituitary Tumors in Pregnancy. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001:131-148.
10. Vates GE, Berger MS, Wilson CB. Diagnosis and management of pituitary abscess: A review of twenty-four cases. J Neurosurg 2001;95:233-241.
11. Brooks MH, Dumlao JS, Bronsky D, Waldstein SS. Hypophysial tuberculoma with hypopituitarism. Am J Med 1973;54:777-781.
12. Freda PU, Silverberg SJ, Post KD. Hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1992;3:321.
13. Sommer N, Weller M, Petersen D, Wietholter H, Dichgans J. Neurosarcoidosis without systemic sarcoidosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991;240:334-338.
14. Tien RD, Newton TH, McDermott MW, Dillon WP, Kucharczyk J. Thickened pituitary stalk on MR images in patients with diabetes insipidus and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990;11:703-708.
15. Arafah BM, Nasrallah MP. Pituitary tumors: Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Endocr Relat Cancer 2001;8:287-305.
16. Kapcala LP, Molitch ME, Post KD, Biller BJ, Prager RJ, Jackson IM, Reichlin S. Galactorrhea, oligo/amenorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia in patients with craniopharyngiomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:798-800.
17. Molitch ME, Thorner MO, Wilson C. Management of prolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:996-1000.
18. St-Jean E, Blain F, Comtois R. High prolactin levels may be missed by immunoradiometric assay in patients with macroprolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996;44:305-309.
19. King LW, Molitch ME, Gittinger JW, Jr., Wolpert SM, Stern J. Cavernous sinus syndrome due to prolactinoma: Resolution with bromocriptine. Surg Neurol 1983;19:280-284.
20. Shin JL, Asa SL, Woodhouse LJ, Smyth HS, Ezzat S. Cystic lesions of the pituitary: Clinicopathological features distinguishing craniopharyngioma, Rathke's cleft cyst, and arachnoid cyst. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3972-3982.
21. Mejico LJ, Miller NR, Dong LM. Clinical features associated with lesions other than pituitary adenoma in patients with an optic chiasmal syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:908-913.
22. Lundin P, Bergstrom K, Thuomas KA, Lundberg PO, Muhr C. Comparison of MR imaging and CT in pituitary macroadenomas. Acta Radiol 1991;32:189-196.
23. Connor SE, Penney CC. MRI in the differential diagnosis of a sellar mass. Clin Radiol 2003;58:20-31.
24. Naidich MJ, Russell EJ. Current approaches to imaging of the sellar region and pituitary. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999;28:45-79.
25. Miki Y, Matsuo M, Nishizawa S, Kuroda Y, Keyaki A, Makita Y, Kawamura J. Pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissue: Enhancement patterns on gadopentetate-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1990;177:35-38.
26. Donovan JL, Nesbit GM. Distinction of masses involving the sella and suprasellar space: Specificity of imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167:597-603.
27. Sumida M, Uozumi T, Yamanaka M, Mukada K, Arita K, Kurisu K, Satoh H, Ikawa F. Displacement of the normal pituitary gland by sellar and juxtasellar tumours: Surgical-MRI correlation and use in differential diagnosis. Neuroradiology 1994;36:372-375.
28. Auer RN, Alakija P, Sutherland GR. Asymptomatic large pituitary adenomas discovered at autopsy. Surg Neurol 1996;46:28-31.
29. Burrow GN, Wortzman G, Rowcastle NB, Holgate RC, Kovacs K, Microadenomas of the pituitary and abnormal sellar tomograms in an unselected autopsy series. N Engl J Med 1981;304:156-158.
30. Biller BM, Alexander JM, Zervas NT, Hedley-Whyte ET, Arnold A, Klibanski A. Clonal origins of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tissue in Gushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:1303-1309.
31. Alexander JM, Biller BM, Bikkal H, Zervas NT, Arnold A, Klibanski A. Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors are monoclonal in origin. J Clin Invest 1990;86:336-340.
32. Asa SL, Ezzat S. The pathogenesis of pituitary tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:836-849.
33. Abe T, Taniyama M, Xu B, Ozawa H, Kawamura N, Shimazu M, Sasaki K, Izumiyama H, Kushima M, Kuwazawa J, Sano T, Matsumoto K. Silent mixed corticotroph and somatotroph macroadenomas presenting with pituitary apoplexy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2001;102:435-440.
34. Abe M, Sawabe Y, Mochizuki Y, Sunaga S, Izumiyama H, Matsumoto K, Kushima M, Taniyama M, Ban Y, Sano T. Corticotroph cell adenoma without typical manifestations of Cushing's disease presenting with cavernous sinus syndrome following pituitary apoplexy. Endocr J 2001;48:503-507.
35. Klibanski A, Zervas NT, Kovacs K, Ridgway EC. Clinically silent hypersecretion of growth hormone in patients with pituitary tumors. J Neurosurg 1987;66:806-811.
36. Webb KM, Laurent JJ, Okonkwo DO, Lopes MB, Vance ML, Laws ER, Jr. Clinical characteristics of silent corticotrophic adenomas and creation of an internet-accessible database to facilitate their multi-institutional study. Neurosurgery 2003;53:1076-1084; discussion 1084-1075.
37. Teramoto A, Hirakawa K, Sanno N, Osamura Y. Incidental pituitary lesions in 1,000 unselected autopsy specimens. Radiology 1994;193:161-164.
38. Jameson JL, Klibanski A, Black PM, Zervas NT, Lindell CM, Hsu DW, Ridgway EC, Habener JF. Glycoprotein hormone genes are expressed in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Clin Invest 1987;80:1472-1478.
39. Black PM, Hsu DW, Klibanski A, Kliman B, Jameson JL, Ridgway EC, Hedley-Whyte ET, Zervas NT. Hormone production in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 1987;66:244-250.
40. Young WF, Jr., Scheithauer BW, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Davis DH, Randall RV. Gonadotroph adenoma of the pituitary gland: A clinicopathologic analysis of 100 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71:649-656.
41. Melmed S. Acromegaly. N. Engl J Med 1990;322:966-977.
42. Reincke M, Allolio B, Saeger W, Menzel J, Winkelmann W. The 'incidentaloma' of the pituitary gland. Is neurosurgery required? JAMA 1990;263:2772-2776.
43. Freda PU, Wardlaw SL. Clinical review 110: Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3859-3866.
44. Nishizawa S, Ohta S, Yokoyama T, Uemura K. Therapeutic strategy for incidentally found pituitary tumors ("pituitary incidentalomas"). Neurosurgery 1998;43:1344-1348; discussion 1348-1350.
45. Go KG, Hew JM, Kamman RL, Molenaar WM, Pruim J, Blaauw EH. Cystic lesions of the brain. A classification based on pathogenesis, with consideration of histological and radiological features. Eur J Radiol 1993;17:69-84.
46. Harrison MJ, Morgello S, Post KD. Epithelial cystic lesions of the sellar and parasellar region: A continuum of ectodermal derivatives? J Nerosurg 1994;80:1018-1025.
47. Meyer FB, Carpenter SM, Laws ER, Jr. Intrasellar arachnoid cysts. Surg Neurol 1987;28:105-110.
48. Eguchi K, Uozumi T, Arita K, Kurisu K, Yano T, Sumida M, Takechi A, Pant B. Pituitary function in patients with Rathke's cleft cyst: Significance of surgical management. Endocr J 1994;41:535-540.
49. Honegger J, Barocka A, Sadri B, Fahlbusch R. Neuropsychological results of craniopharyngioma surgery in adults: A prospective study. Surg Neurol 1998;50:19-28; discussion 28-19.
50. Laws ER, Jr. Craniopharyngioma: Diagnosis and treatment. The Endocrinologist 1992;2:184-188.
51. Probst C. Possibilities and limitations of microsurgery in patients with meningiomas of the sellar region. Acta Neumchir (Wien) 1987;84:99-102.
52. Sakai N, Yamada H, Andoh T, Hirata T, Shimizu K, Shinoda J. Primary intracranial germ-cell tumors. A retrospective analysis with special reference to long-term results of treatment and the behavior of rare types of tumors. Acta Oncol 1988;27:43-50.
53. Sioutos P, Yen V, Arbit E. Pituitary gland metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 1996;3:94-99.
54. Branch CL, Jr., Laws ER, Jr. Metastatic tumors of the sella turcica masquerading as primary pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:469-474.
55. Ranjan A, Chandy MJ. Intrasellar tuberculoma. Br J Neuwsurg 1994;8:179-185.
56. Kaltsas GA, Powles TB, Evanson J, Plowman PN, Drinkwater JE, Jenkins PJ, Monson JP, Besser GM, Grossman AB. Hypothalamopituitary abnormalities in adult patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis: Clinical, endocrinological, and radiological features and response to treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1370-1376.
57. Goodman RH, Post KD, Molitch ME, Adelman LS, Altemus LR, Johnston H. Eosinophilic granuloma mimicking a pituitary tumor. Neurosurgery 1979;5:723-725.