Lignocellulose-based hybrid bilayer laminate composite: Part I - Studies on tensile and impact behavior of oil palm fiber-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin

Journal of Composite Materials

Volumn 39, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 663-684

  Hariharan, Abu Bakar A ^a   Khalil, H P S Abdul ^b  

^a SCHOOL OF PHYSICS   (Malaysia)

^b Universiti Sains Malaysia   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Hybrid composites; Laminate composites; Lignocellulose reinforced composites; Oil palm fiber composites

Indexed keywords

ELASTIC MODULI; EPOXY RESINS; GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS; IMPREGNATION; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; LIGNIN; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TENSILE STRENGTH;

HYBRID COMPOSITES; IMPACT BEHAVIOR; LIGNOCELLULOSE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; OIL PALM FIBER COMPOSITES;

CELLULOSE;

COMPOSITES; GLASS FIBERS; IMPREGNATION; LAMINATES; LIGNOCELLULOSE; POLYEPOXIDES; REINFORCED PLASTIC; TENSILE STRENGTH;

EID: 17644374169     PISSN: 00219983     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0021998305047267     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Joseph, K., Varghese, S., Kalaprasad, G., Thomas, S., Prasannakumari, L., Koshy, P. and Pavithran, C. (1996). Influence of Interfacial Adhesion on the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviour of Short Sisal Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites, Eur. Polym. J., 32(10): 1243-1250.
2. Oksman, K., Wallstrom, Lennart, Berglund, L.A. and Filho, R.D.T. (2002). Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Sisal-Epoxy Composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84: 2358-2365.
3. Pal, S.K., Mukhopadhyay, D., Sanyal, S.K. and Mukherjea, R.N. (1988). Studies on Process Variables for Natural Fiber Composites - Effect of Polyesteramide Polyol as Interfacial Agent, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 35: 973-985.
4. Rozman, H.D., Tay, G.S., Kumar, R.N., AbuBakar, A., Ismail, H. and Ishak, Z.A.M. (1999). Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: A Preliminary Study on the Use of Glass and Coconut Fiber as Reinforcements in Polypropylene Composites, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 38(5): 997-1011.
5. Albuquerque, A.C.de., Joseph, K., Carvalho, L.H.de. and Morais d' Almeida, J.R. (2000). Effect of Wettability and Ageing Conditions on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Uniaxially Oriented Jute-Roving Reinforced Polyester Composites, Comp. Sci. Tech., 60: 833-844.
6. George, J., Bhagawan, S.S. and Thomas, S. (1998). Effects of Environment on the Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Pineapple-Leaf Fibre, Comp. Sci. Tech., 58: 1471-1485.
7. Devi, L.U., Bhagawan, S.S. and Thomas, S. (1997). Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 63: 1739-1748.
8. Joseph, S., Sreekala, M.S., Oommen, Z., Koshy, P. and Thomas, S. (2002). A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Composites Reinforced with Banana Fibres and Glass Fibres, Comp. Sci. Tech., 62: 1857-1868.
9. Sreekala, M.S., George, J., Kumaran, M.G. and Thomas, S. (2002). The Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Phenol-formaldehyde Based Composites Reinforced with Glass and Oil Palm Fibres, Comp. Sci. Tech., 62: 339-353.
10. Hill, C.A.S. and Abdul Khalil, H.P.S. (2000). Effect of Fiber Treatments on Mechanical Properties of Coir or Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78: 1685-1697.
11. Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Ismail, H., Ahmad, M.N., Ariffin, A. and Hassan, K. (2001). The Effect of Various Anhydride Modifications on Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Reinforced Polyester Composites, Polym. Int., 50: 395-402.
12. Rozman, H.D., Ismail, H., Jaffri, R.M., Aminullah, A. and Ishak, Z.A.M. (1998). Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene-oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Composites, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 37(4): 495-507.
13. Deem, S. (2003). A Class Coconuts: The Quest for "Greener" Takes DaimlerChrysler to the Rain Forest, http://popularmechanics.com/popmech/auto3/0107AUTKWFBM.html
14. Sherman, L.M. (2003). Natural Fibers, http://www.plasticstechnology.com/articles/199910fa1.html
15. Mishra, S., Mohanty, A.K, Drzal, L.T., Misra, M., Parija, S., Nayak, S.K. and Tripathy, S.S. (2003). Studies on Mechanical Performance of Biofibre/Glass Reinforced Polyester Hybrid Composites, Comp. Sci. Tech., 63(10): 1377-1385.
16. Kalaprasad, G., Joseph, K. and Thomas, S. (1997). Influence of Short Glass Fiber Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Composites, J. Comp. Mater., 31(5): 509-527.
17. Thwe, M.M. and Liao, K. (2002). Effects of Environmental Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites, Composites: Part A, 33: 43-52.
18. Thwe, M.M. and Liao, K. (2003). Durability of Bamboo-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites, Comp. Sci. Tech., 63(3-4): 375-387.
19. Rozman, H.D., Tay, G.S., Kumar, R.N., AbuBakar, A., Ismail, H. and Ishak, Z.A.M. (1999). Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: A Preliminary Study on the Use of Glass and Coconut Fiber as Reinforcements in Polypropylene Composites, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 38(5): 997-1011.
20. Pavithran, C., Mukherjee, P.S. and Brahmakumar, M. (1991). Coir-Glass Intermingled Fibre Hybrid Composites, J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 10: 91-101.
21. Sreekala, M.S., George, J., Kumaran, M.G. and Thomas, S. (2002). The Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Phenol-Formaldehyde Based Composites Reinforced with Glass and Oil Palm Fibres, Comp. Sci. Tech., 62: 339-353.
22. Rozman, H.D., Tay, G.S., Kumar, R.N., AbuBakar, A., Ismail, H. and Ishak, Z.A.M. (2001). Polypropylene-Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Glass Fibre Hybrid Composites: A Preliminary Study on the Flexural and Tensile Properties, Eur. Polym. J., 37: 1283-1291.
23. Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Hariharan and Abu Bakar, A. (2002). Agro Hybrid Composites: Combination of Oil Palm Fibres and Glass Fibres Reinforced Polyester Composites, In: Proc. Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering 2002 in conjuction with 16th Symposium of Malaysian Chemical Engineers, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, Vol. 1, pp. 945-951.
24. Sabutek (M) Sdn. Bhd. (2003). www.sabutek.com.
25. Tanaka, R. (2003). Utilization of Oil Palm Residues as a Raw Material for Pulp and Paper, http://ss.jircas.affrc.go.jp/kanko/newsletter/nl2000/No.23/04Tanaka.htm
26. Mohan, R. and Kishore (1985). Jute Glass Sandwich Composites, J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 4: 186-194.
27. Clark, R.A. and Ansell, M.P. (1986). Jute and Glass Fibre Hybrid Laminates, J. Mater. Sci., 21: 269-279.
28. Adams, D.F. (1974). Elastoplastic Behavior of Composites, In: Sendeckyj, G.P. (ed.), Mechanics of Composite Materials (Composite Materials, V.2), pp. 170-207, Academic Press, Inc., New York.
29. Gowda, T.M., Naidu, A.C.B. and Chhaya, R. (1999). Some Mechanical Properties of Untreated Jute Fabric-Reinforced Polyester Composites, Composites: Part A, 30: 277-284.
30. Hull, D. and Clyne, T.W. (1996). An Introduction to Composite Materials, 2nd edn, University Press, Cambridge.
31. Singleton, A.C.N., Baillie, C.A., Beaumont, P.W.R. and Peijs, T. (2003). Composites: Part B, 34: 519-526.
32. Kalaprasad, G., Thomas, S., Pavithran, C., Neelakantan, N.R. and Balakrishnan, S. (1996). Hybrid Effect in the Mechanical Properties of Short Sisal/Glass Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Composites, J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 15: 49-73.
33. Zweben, C. (1977). Tensile Strength of Hybrid Composites, J. Mater. Sci., 12: 1325-1337.
34. Agarwal, B.D. and Broutman, L.J. (1980). Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites, Wiley Interscience Publications, New York.
35. Marom, G., Fisher, S., Tuler, F.R. and Wagner, H.D. (1978). Hybrid Effects in Composites: Conditions for Positive or Negative Effects Versus Rule of Mixtures Behaviour, J. Mater. Sci., 13: 1419-1426.
36. Wagner, H.D., Roman, I. and Marom, G. (1982). Hybrid Effect in the Bending Stiffness of Graphite/Glass-Reinforced Composites, J. Mater. Sci., 17: 1359-1363.
37. Hayashi, T. (1972). On the Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Composites by Hybrid Composition, In: Proc. 8th International Reinforced Plastics Conference, Brighton (UK): British Plastics Federation, Paper 22, pp. 149-152.
38. Bunsell, A.R. and Harris, B. (1974). Hybrid Carbon and Glass Fibre Composites, Composites, 5(4): 157-164.
39. Kretsis, G. (1987). A Review of the Tensile, Compressive, Flexural and Shear Properties of Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Plastics, Composites, 18: 13-23.
40. Jones, K.D. and DiBenedetto, A.T. (1994). Fiber Fracture in Hybrid Composite Systems, Comp. Sci. Tech., 51: 53-62.
41. Peijs, A.A.J.M. and De Kok, J.M.M. (1993). Hybrid Composites Based on Polyethylene and Carbon Fibres, Part 6: Tensile and Fatigue Bahaviour, Composites, 24(1): 19-32.
42. Paiva, J.M.F. and Frollini, E. (2002). Sugarcane Bagasse Reinforced Phenolic and Lignophenolic Composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83: 880-888.
43. Luo, S. and Netravali, A.N. (1999). Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Environment Friendly Green Composites Made from Pineapple Leaf Fibers and Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) Resin, Polym. Comp., 20(3): 367-378.
44. Khatri, S.C. and Koczak, M.J. (1996). Thick Section AS4 Graphite/E-Glass/PPS Hybrid Composites: Part 1. Tensile Behavior, Comp. Sci. Tech., 56: 181-192.
45. Chawla, K.K. (1942). Composite Materials. (Materials Research and Engineering), Springer-Verlag, New York.
46. Park, R. and Jang, Jyongsyik (2000). Effect of Laminate Geometry on Impact Performance of Aramid Fiber/Polyethylene Fiber Hybrid Composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 75: 952-959.
47. Park, R. and Jang, Jyongsyik (1998). Impact Behavior of Carbon Fiber/Polyethylene Fiber Hybrid Composite: The Effect of Surface Treatment of Polyethylene Fiber, Polym. Comp., 19(5): 600-607.
48. Nielsen, L.E. (1974). Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, Vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.