Formation of dense krill patches under tidal forcing at whale feeding hot spots in the St. Lawrence Estuary

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 288, Issue , 2005, Pages 199-210

  Cotté, Cédric ^a   Simard, Yvan ^a,b  

^a INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE LA MER DE RIMOUSKI   (Canada)

^b MAURICE LAMONTAGNE INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Euphausiids; Patchiness; Tidal current; Topography; Whale habitat; Zooplankton

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR; PATCHINESS; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; TIDAL CURRENT; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT; ZOOPLANKTON;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; QUEBEC [CANADA]; SAINT LAWRENCE ESTUARY; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

CETACEA; DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); EUPHAUSIACEA; EUPHAUSIIDAE; LAURENTIA; MEGANYCTIPHANES NORVEGICA; PISCES; THYSANOESSA RASCHI;

EID: 17644373502     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps288199     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Arst H, Mäekivi S, Lukk T, Herlevi A (1997) Calculating irradiance penetration into water bodies from the measured beam attenuation coefficient. Limnol Oceanogr 42:379-385
2. Bailey RFJ, Able KW, Leggett WC (1977) Seasonal and vertical distribution and growth of juvenile and adult capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the St. Lawrence estuary and western Gulf of St. Lawrence. J Fish Res Board Can 34: 2030-2040
3. Berkes F (1976) Ecology of euphausiids in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. J Fish Res Board Can 33:1894-1905
4. Boden BP, Kampa EM (1967) The influence of natural light on the vertical migrations of an animal community in the sea. Symp Zool Soc 19:15-26
5. Buchholz F, Buchholz C, Reppin J, Fischer J (1995) Diel vertical migrations of Meganyctyphanes norvegica in the Kattegat: comparison of net catches and measurements with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. Helgol Meeresunters 49:849-866
6. Chiles JP, Delfiner P (1999) Geostatistics: modeling spatial uncertainty. Wiley series in probability and statistics, Wiley, New York
7. Chu D, Foote KG, Stanton TK (1993) Further analysis of target strength measurements of Antarctic krill at 38 and 120 kHz: comparison with deformed cylinder model and inference of orientation distribution. J Acoust Soc Am 93:2985-2988
8. Clark CW, Levy DA (1988) Diel vertical migration by juvenile sockeye salmon and the antipredation window. Am Nat 131:271-290
9. Cotté C (2004) Dynamique d'agrégation du krill et des espèces fourragères à un site d'observation des rorquals, à l'extrémité du banc de l'île Rouge, dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent. MSc thesis, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec
10. Coyle KO, Hunt GL Jr, Decker MB, Weingartner TJ (1992) Murre foraging, epibenthic sound scattering and tidal advection over a shoal near St. George Island, Bering Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 83:1-14
11. Foote KG, Knudsen HP, Vestnes G, MacLennan DN, Simmonds EJ (1987) Calibration of acoustic instruments for fish density estimation: a pratical guide. Int Counc Explor Sea Coop Res Rep 144
12. Forward RB (1988) Diel vertical migration: zooplankton photobiology and behaviour. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 26:361-393
13. Gal GL, Ellis R, Rudstam LG, Mohammadian AM (1998) Light and diel vertical migration: spectral sensitivity and light avoidance by Mysis relicta. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56: 311-322
14. Genin A, Haury L, Greenblatt P (1988) Interactions of migrating zooplankton with shallow topography: predation by rockfishes and intensification of patchiness. Deep-Sea Res 135:151-175
15. Genin A, Greene C, Haury L, Wiebe P and 5 others (1994) Zooplankton patch dynamics: daily gap formation over abrupt topography. Deep-Sea Res I 41:941-951
16. Giske J, Aksnes DL, Balin̄o BM, Kaartvedt S and 5 others (1990) Vertical distribution and trophic interactions of zooplankton and fish in Masfjorden, Norway. Sarsia 75:65-81
17. Gliwicz MZ (1986) Predation and the evolution of vertical migration in zooplankton. Nature 320:746-748
18. Greene CH, Wiebe PH, Burczinski J, Youngbluth MJ (1988) Acoustical detection of high-density krill demersal layers in the submarine canyon off Georges Bank. Science 241:359-361
19. Greene CH, Stanton TK, Wiebe PH, McClatchie S (1991) Acoustic estimates of Antarctic krill. Nature 349:110
20. Hamner WM (1988) Behavior of plankton and patch formation in pelagic ecosystems. Bull Mar Sci 43:752-757
21. Hardy AC, Bainbridge R (1954) Experimental observations on the vertical migrations of plankton animals. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 33:409-448
22. Haury LR, McGowan JA, Wiebe PH (1978) Patterns and processes in the time-space of plankton distributions. NATO Conf Ser IV 3:277-327
23. Hewitt RP, Demer DA (1993) Dispersion and abundance of Antartic krill in the vicinity of Elephant Island in the 1992 austral summer. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 99:29-39
24. Kaartvedt S, Melle W, Knutsen T, Skjoldal HR (1996) Vertical distribution of fish and krill beneath water of varying optical properties. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 136:51-58
25. Kampa EM (1971) Photoenvironment and sonic scattering. In: Farquhar B (ed) Proceedings of an International Symposium on Biological Sound Scattering in the Ocean Maury Center for Ocean Science, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, p 51-59
26. Kampa EM (1975) Observations of a scattering layer during the total solar eclipse, 30 June 1973. Deep-Sea Res I 22: 417-423
27. Kampa EM (1976) Photoenvironment and vertical migrations of mesopelagic marine animal communities. In: De Coursey PJ (ed) Biological rhythms in the marine environment. Belle W Baruch Library in Marine Sciences, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, p 257-272
28. Kils U (1981) Swimming behaviour, swimming performance and energy balance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Biomass Sci Ser 3:1-121
29. Lavoie D, Simard Y, Saucier FJ (2000) Aggregation and dispersion of krill at channel heads and shelf edges: the dynamics in the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57:1853-1869
30. Liljebladh B, Thomasson MA (2001) Krill behaviour as recorded by acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Gullsmarsfjord. J Mar Syst 27:301-313
31. Mackas DL, Kieser R, Saunders M, Yelland DR, Brown RM, Moore DF (1997) Aggregation of euphausiids and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) along the outer continental shelf off Vancouver Island. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 54: 2080-2096
32. MacLennan DN, Simmonds EJ (1992) Fisheries acoustics. Chapman & Hall, London
33. Marchand C, Simard Y, Gratton Y (1999) Concentration of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in tidal upwelling fronts at the head of the Laurentian channel in the St. Lawrence estuary. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56:1832-1848
34. Ménard N (1998) Répartition spatiale et structure des bancs de poissons pélagiques dans une aire d'alimentation des cétacés de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent. MSc thesis, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec
35. Michaud R, Giard J (1997) Les rorquals communs et les activités d'observations en mer des cétacés dans l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent en 1994-1996. 1: Étude de l'utilisation du territoire et évaluation de l'exposition aux activités d'obesrvation en mer à l'aide de la télémétrie VHF. Final report to Parks Canada, Canadian Heritage Department, Ottawa. Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur le milieu marin (GREMM), Québec
36. Michaud R, Bédard C, Mingelbier M, Gilbert MC (1997) Les activités d'observation en mer des cétacés dans l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent 1985-1996: une étude de la répartition spatiale des activités et des facteurs favorisant la concentration des bateaux sur les sites d'observations. Final report to Parks Canada, Canadian Heritage Department, Ottawa. Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur le milieu marin (GREMM), Québec
37. Onsrud MSR, Kaartvedt S (1998) Diel vertical migration of the krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica in relation to physical environnement, food and predators. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 171:209-219
38. Pereyra WT, Pearcy WG, Carvey FE Jr (1969) Sebastopodes flavidus, a shelf rockfish feeding on mesopelagic fauna, with consideration of the ecological implications. J Fish Res Board Can 26:2211-2215
39. Ringelberg J (1995) Changes in light intensity and diel vertical migration: a comparison of marine and freshwater environments. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 75:15-25
40. Robinson CJ, Gómez-Gutiérrez J (1998) Daily vertical migration of dense deep scattering layers related to the shelf-break area along the northwest coast of Baja California, Mexico. J Plankton Res 20:1679-1697
41. Sameoto DD (1980) Relationships between stomach contents and vertical migration in Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Thysanoessa raschii and T. inermis (Crustacea Euphausiacea). J Plankton Res 2:129-143
42. Sameoto DD (1983) Euphausiid distribution in acoustic scattering layers and its significance to surface swarms. J Plankton Res 5:129-143
43. Saucier FJ, Chassé J (2000) Tidal circulation and buoyancy effects in the St. Lawrence estuary. Atmos-Ocean 28:505-556
44. Simard Y, Lavoie D (1999) The rich krill aggregation of the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park: hydroacoustic and geostatistical biomass estimates, structure, variability and significance for whales. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56:1182-1197
45. Simard Y, Mackas DL (1989) Mesoscale aggregations of euphausiid sound scattering layers on the continental shelf of Vancouver Island. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46:1238-1249
46. Simard Y, de Ladurantaye R, Therriault JC (1986) Aggregation of euphausiids along a coastal shelf in an upwelling environment. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 32:203-215
47. Simard Y, McQuinn I, Montminy M, Lang C, Miller D, Stevens C, Wiggins D, Marchalot C (1997) Description of the HAC standard format for raw and edited hydroacoustic data Version 1.0. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2174
48. Simard Y, McQuinn I, Montminy M, Samson Y, Lang C, Stevens C, Miller D (1998) CH1, Canadian hydroacoustic data analysis tool 1, user's manual, Version 2.0. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2256
49. Simard Y, McQuinn I, Montminy M, Lang C and 7 others (2000) CH2, Canadian hydroacoustic data analysis tool 2, user's manual, Version 2.0. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2332
50. Simard Y, Lavoie D, Saucier FJ (2002) Channel head dynamics: capelin (Mallotus villosus) aggregation in the tidally driven upwelling system of the Saguenay-St. Lawrence park's whale feeding ground. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59:197-210
51. Tarling GA, Matthews JBL, David P, Guerin O, Buchholz F (2001) The swarm dynamics of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) and pteropods (Cavolinia inflexa) during vertical migration in the Ligurian Sea observed by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. Deep-Sea Res I 48:1671-1686
52. Vesin JP, Leggett WC (1981) Feeding ecology of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the estuary and western Gulf of St. Lawrence and its multispecies implications. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38:257-267
53. Zaret TN, Suffern SJ (1976) Vertical migration in zooplankton as a predator avoidance mechanism. Limnol Oceanogr 21:804-813